"PROTOPLASTS" FROM PYTHIUM SP. PRL 2142

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1701-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sietsma ◽  
D. E. Eveleigh ◽  
R. H. Haskins ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Osmotic Stabilizer ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

Enzyme preparations from two Streptomyces spp. released spherical protoplast-like bodies from the mycelium of Pythium sp. PRL 2142. The enzyme complexes were produced by growing the Streptomyces spp. in the presence of autoclaved Pythium mycelium, and concentrated from the culture mixture by precipitation with acetone (2:1, v/v). The protoplasts were released, from both intercalary and terminal locations on the hyphae, during incubation with the lytic enzyme complex for 24 hours using 0.8 M MgSO4 as an osmotic stabilizer.

scholarly journals Acceleration of cellodextrin phosphorolysis for bioelectricity generation from cellulosic biomass by integrating a synthetic two-enzyme complex into an in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Meng ◽  
Ranran Wu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Zhu ◽  
Chun You
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation ◽  
Favorable Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

Abstract Background Cellulosic biomass, the earth’s most abundant renewable resource, can be used as substrates for biomanufacturing biofuels or biochemicals via in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems in which the first step is the enzymatic phosphorolysis of cellodextrin to glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) by cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP). However, almost all the CDPs prefer cellodextrin synthesis to phosphorolysis, resulting in the low reaction rate of cellodextrin phosphorolysis for biomanufacturing. Results To increase the reaction rate of cellodextrin phosphorolysis, synthetic enzyme complexes containing CDP and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were constructed to convert G1P to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) rapidly, which is an important intermediate for biomanufacturing. Four self-assembled synthetic enzyme complexes were constructed with different spatial organizations based on the high-affinity and high-specific interaction between cohesins and dockerins from natural cellulosomes. Thus, the CDP–PGM enzyme complex with the highest enhancement of initial reaction rate was integrated into an in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem for generating bioelectricity from cellodextrin. The in vitro biosystem containing the best CDP–PGM enzyme complex exhibited a much higher current density (3.35-fold) and power density (2.14-fold) than its counterpart biosystem containing free CDP and PGM mixture. Conclusions Hereby, we first reported bioelectricity generation from cellulosic biomass via in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems. This work provided a strategy of how to link non-energetically favorable reaction (cellodextrin phosphorolysis) and energetically favorable reaction (G1P to G6P) together to circumvent unfavorable reaction equilibrium and shed light on improving the reaction efficiency of in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems through the construction of synthetic enzyme complexes.

Antifungal action of the lytic enzyme complex from Lysobacter sp. XL1

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Ryazanova ◽  
O.A. Stepnaya ◽  
N.E. Suzina ◽  
I.S. Kulaev
Keyword(s):  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Antifungal Action

Lysozyme and similar lytic enzyme preparations should be considered antibiotics

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gediminas A. Biziulevičius ◽  
Genė Biziulevičienė ◽  
Jurgita Kazlauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

Autolysis of Penicillium oxalicum with special reference to its cell walls

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1289-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Perez-Leblic ◽  
Fuensanta Reyes ◽  
R. Lahoz ◽  
S. A. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Rapid Hydrolysis ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Cultures of Penicillium oxalicum growing on a denned medium supplemented with yeast extract reached the onset of autolysis after 3 days at 25 °C. Thenceforth, autolysis was progressive and eventual reductions in dry weight of 96% were recorded by day 47. The pH of the medium fluctuated between 4.0 during the exponential phase of growth and 9.0 during autolysis. Electron microscopy of autolyzing cultures revealed a progressive loss of cytoplasmic ultrastructure. Digestion of the cell walls, with a rapid hydrolysis of the three external layers and a low hydrolysis of the two inner layers, was accompanied by deep pitting and by loss of the distinct five-layered structure. A lytic enzyme complex was obtained from the filtrates of extensively autolyzed cultures. It was rich in (1 → 3)-β-glucanase and other enzymes active against a range of fungal cell wall and storage polysaccharides. This enzyme complex degraded extensively isolated cell walls of P. oxalicum and three other Ascomycetes but had less effect on walls isolated from Mucor mucedo or Schizophyllum commune. In the case of P. oxalicum, cell walls harvested from young cultures were more readily digested than were the walls from older cultures.

scholarly journals Microfluorometry of pectic materials in the dehiscence zone of almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] DA Webb) fruits.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Weis ◽  
V S Polito ◽  
J M Labavitch
Keyword(s):  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Dehiscence Zone ◽  
Relative Specificity ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Green Excitation

We examined the middle lamella and the primary and secondary walls in almond pericarp dehiscence zone cells using a fluorescent cytochemical method which permitted specific, quantitative detection of pectic cell wall materials. Glycol methacrylate-embedded sections were stained with coriphosphine and pectin-specific fluorescent emissions at 630 nm were quantified using green excitation (546 nm). Examination of sectioned material extracted with purified pecto-lytic enzyme preparations was used to demonstrate the relative specificity of the staining reaction for pectic substances.

Release of protoplasts from the galactose oxidase producing mold, Dactylium dendroides

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déa Amaral ◽  
Doroty Kubicki ◽  
Hector F. Terenzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Galactose Oxidase ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Digestive Juice ◽  
Osmotic Stabilizer ◽  
Dactylium Dendroides

Osmotically sensitive protoplasts were released from the mycelium of Dactylium dendroides, using Megalobolinus paranaguensis digestive juice as a lytic enzyme. The conditions for obtaining stable protoplasts were determined. The maximum number of protoplasts was obtained from 15-h growing mycelium, using MgSO4 as osmotic stabilizer, in the presence of 0.015 M Sorensen phosphate buffer, pH 5.6. MgSO4 proved to be of considerable importance in the release of protoplasts in this fungus. Regeneration of the protoplasts was demonstrated in normal growth medium supplemented with 0.8 M mannitol and 2.5% agar.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of the MKC1 gene of Candida albicans, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog related to cell integrity.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2197-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Navarro-García ◽  
M Sánchez ◽  
J Pla ◽  
C Nombela
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases represent a group of serine/threonine protein kinases playing a central role in signal transduction processes in eukaryotic cells. Using a strategy based on the complementation of the thermosensitive autolytic phenotype of slt2 null mutants, we have isolated a Candida albicans homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAP kinase gene SLT2 (MPK1), which is involved in the recently outlined PKC1-controlled signalling pathway. The isolated gene, named MKC1 (MAP kinase from C. albicans), coded for a putative protein, Mkc1p, of 58,320 Da that displayed all the characteristic domains of MAP kinases and was 55% identical to S. cerevisiae Slt2p (Mpk1p). The MKC1 gene was deleted in a diploid Candida strain, and heterozygous and homozygous strains, in both Ura+ and Ura- backgrounds, were obtained to facilitate the analysis of the function of the gene. Deletion of the two alleles of the MKC1 gene gave rise to viable cells that grew at 28 and 37 degrees C but, nevertheless, displayed a variety of phenotypic traits under more stringent conditions. These included a low growth yield and a loss of viability in cultures grown at 42 degrees C, a high sensitivity to thermal shocks at 55 degrees C, an enhanced susceptibility to caffeine that was osmotically remediable, and the formation of a weak cell wall with a very low resistance to complex lytic enzyme preparations. The analysis of the functions downstream of the MKC1 gene should contribute to understanding of the connection of growth and morphogenesis in pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Use of different combinations of enzyme complexes in broiler diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2903-2924
Author(s):  
Lindolfo Dorcino dos Santos Neto ◽  
◽  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Genilson Bezerra de Carvalho ◽  
Roberto Moraes Jardim Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of “on top” addition of different enzyme complexes, the enzyme α-galactosidase and three sources of the enzyme phytase available on the market, in broiler diets. In the first experiment, 1260 one-day-old Cobb 500® chicks were distributed into seven treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates and 30 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted of combinations of different enzyme complexes, namely, complex A (phytase, protease, xylanase, ß-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, pectinase), complex B (protease and cellulase) and complex C (xylanase, amylase and protease); isolated α-galactosidase (GAL); and three sources of phytase (P1, P2 and P3) in the diet. The treatments were formulated as follows: T1 - basal diet (BD); T2 - BD + enzyme complex A + enzyme complex B (BDAB); T3 - BDAB + GAL; T4 - BD + complex A + GAL; T5 - BD + complex C + P1 + GAL (BDCG); T6 - BDCG + P2; and T7 - BDCG + P3. The following variables were measured in the experimental period of 42 days: feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), average final weight (AFW), feed conversion (FC), and carcass yield. Significant differences occurred for AFW, WG and FC in the pre-starter phase. In the second experiment, 112 Cobb 500® chicks aged 25 days were distributed into seven treatments in a CRD with four replicates and four birds/replicate. Treatments were the same as in the first experiment. Nutrient digestibility was evaluated in an experimental period of seven days. Differences were found in the metabolism coefficient of ether extract (MCEE). Dietary inclusion of enzyme complexes improves the AFW and WG of chickens from 1 to 7 days of age and MCEE in the grower phase.

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