THE DECOMPOSITION OF RADIOACTIVE ACETATE IN SOILS: II. THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN SOIL ORGANIC FRACTIONS

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Ivarson ◽  
I. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Humin Fraction ◽  
Hymatomelanic Acid

Soils incubated with C14-labelled acetate for 6 to 9 hours showed that 22–30% of the acetate was oxidized to CO2. Fractionation of the soil revealed that the radioactivity of the remaining substrate was widely distributed in various fractions. Greatest activity was noted in the acid hydrolyzable humin fraction (50%) with lesser amounts (5–10%) being recovered in the fulvic acid and alcohol extract. Hymatomelanic acid, α-humus, and β-humus contained only traces of activity.Ion-exchange separation of the acid hydrolysate of the humin fraction indicated that a considerable portion of the activity was associated with an unidentified compound which had certain characteristics of itaconic acid. Radioactivity was also found to be present in the 15 amino acids identified.

Flocs through the looking glass

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jefferson ◽  
P. Jarvis ◽  
E. Sharp ◽  
S. Wilson ◽  
S.A. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Dendritic Structures

The paper describes the investigation of how the make up of raw water influences the physical properties of flocculated suspensions. The work focuses on the properties of four characteristic organic fractions separated as a function of their hydrophobicity. Mesoscale data indicates that the hydrophobic fractions dominate the make up of the water and are the most easily removed. Microscale and nanoscale data reveals that the fulvic acid fraction (FAF) generates statistically smaller and more compact flocs than those formed by the other fractions and the hydrophilic fractions form the most internally open and dendritic structures. The FAF fraction was also seen to dominate the zeta potential response of the raw water.

Analytical Properties of the Soluble, Metal-complexing Fractions in Sludge-Soil Mixtures: V. Amino Acids, Hexosamines, and Other Carbohydrates in Fulvic Acid

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Holtzclaw ◽  
Gene D. Schaumberg ◽  
C. S. LeVesque-Madore ◽  
Garrison Sposito ◽  
J. A. Heick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Analytical Properties ◽  
Soil Mixtures

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES

1953 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Rosenberg ◽  
Elsa Zitcer ◽  
Paul L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Low Nitrogen

A fraction of the ultrafilterable portion of chick embryo extract was isolated by alcohol extraction of a lyophilized powder of the ultrafiltrate followed by ion exchange removal of many of the inert components of the alcohol extract. This fraction contained 3 per cent of the ultrafilterable nitrogen but was capable of completely restoring the growth-promoting activity of dialyzed embryo extract, when tested with chick heart fibroblasts in roller tube cultures. The low nitrogen content, shape of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and presence of few free amino acids, suggest that non-dialyzable compounds serve as the chief source of nutrition for this system.

SOURCES OF CARBON FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN AMINO ACIDS IN ATTACHED PHOTOSYNTHESIZING WHEAT LEAVES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hellebust ◽  
R. G. S. Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Attached, rapidly growing wheat leaves were allowed to photoassimilate C14O2 and C12O2 alternately. Samples of leaves were collected after each period of photosynthesis and were analyzed for amounts and total activities of soluble sugars and amino acids, and protein amino acids. The leaves were also analyzed for protein nitrogen and amounts and total activities of respired carbon. Samples of roots were also collected and the amounts, total activities, and specific activities of their soluble compounds were determined. It was possible to calculate from these data the proportions of carbon entering some protein amino acids which came either from soluble amino acid pools or by a direct route from photosynthate, bypassing the soluble pools. More than half of the carbon entering protein-bound serine and glycine was derived from newly assimilated CO2, while protein glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine derived more of their carbon from the soluble amino acid pools. Analysis of the data from roots indicated that a considerable portion of the carbon translocated from the leaves was derived from newly assimilated CO2. There was some indication that protein turnover took place, but it was concluded that proteins could not have contributed significantly as substrates for respiration in these leaves.

Effects of abomasal infusions of sodium caseinate and of casein hydrolysates varying in the relative proportions of peptides and free amino acids on milk production in dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai-Jun Choung ◽  
David G. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that responses of milk production to the abomasal infusion of casein or hydrolysates of casein can be influenced by the proportion of peptide-bound amino acids in the infusate. Eight lactating cows were used in two Latin square experiments with period lengths of 10 d. In Expt 1, the four cows were at a late stage of lactation and the four treatments were a basal diet of silage and a barley–soya supplement alone or with infusions into the abomasum of 180 g/d of sodium caseinate, an enzymic hydrolysate of casein or an acid hydrolysate of casein; all treatments supplied equivalent amounts of all the amino acids, this being achieved by addition of free amino acids as required. As infused, the three treatments contained 89 (caseinate), 40 (enzymic hydrolysate) and 15 (acid hydrolysate) % of their amino acids as peptides. The increase of milk production in response to infusion was small and there were no significant differences between the infusion treatments. In Expt 2, the cows received a basal diet of grass silage and a supplement containing feather meal as the main source of protein. Treatments were the basal diet alone and with three infusion treatments as in Expt 1, except that the amount infused was 230 g/d. The response to infusion was greater in this experiment, there were significant differences between infusions and the yield of milk protein with the infusion treatments was linearly related (P = 0·001) to the proportion of peptide-bound amino acids in the infusate. Moreover, there was a close inverse relation (P = 0·007) between the proportion of peptide-bound amino acids in the infusate and the concentration of total peptidebound amino acids in blood plasma.

scholarly journals An investigation of the hyperaminoaciduria in phenylketonuria associated with the feeding of certain commercial low-phenylalanine preparations

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Clayton ◽  
A. F. Heeley ◽  
Mary Heeley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Isomer Content

1. Hypertryptophanaemia, hypertryptophanuria and to a lesser degree a generalized hyperaminoaciduria were observed in phenylketonuric patients receiving certain commercial low-phenylalanine diets containing DL-tryptophan.2. The generalized hyperaminoaciduria was associated with the ingestion of acid hydro-lysates of protein, but not with the ingestion of enzymic hydrolysates or D-tryptophan.3. Alanine recovered from the urine of these treated patients had a D-isomer content of approx. 50%. This amount of urinary D-alanine could be derived from the ingestion of an acid hydrolysate of protein in which the amino acids had racemized to the extent of 2–3%.

Cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei sspp. in semi-defined and defined media

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. M. Cross ◽  
J. C. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Tissue Culture Medium ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Defined Media

Semi-defined and defined media for the growth of culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei sspp. have been developed by enrichment of tissue culture medium 199 with additional vitamins, amino acids, salts and other compounds. The semi-defined medium contains an acid hydrolysate of casein: in the empirically devised defined medium the casein requirement has been circumvented by inclusion of additional vitamins and amino acids. Both media are very hypertonic. Control of pH was found to be particularly critical for growth. The optimum temperature for growth in the semidefined medium was between 25°C and 28°C, but cells would undergo one or two division cycles at 37°C.

Induction et repression de la synthèse de collagénase chez Acinetobacter sp.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Monboisse ◽  
Jean Labadie ◽  
Philippe Gouet
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Casamino Acids

The synthesis of collagenase in Acinetobacter sp. was found to be inducible by denatured collagen and by its high molecular weight fragments. The presence in the inducer of part of the tertiary structure appear to be indispensable. On the other hand, an addition of Casamino acids, meat protein hydrolysate, or a mixture of amino acids with a similar composition to gelatin does not stimulate collagenase synthesis.Enzyme production was severely repressed in the early phase of growth by glucose, arabinose, and ribose, single amino acids, proline, hydroxyproline, alanine, glutamic acid, or casein acid hydrolysate. A mechanism of repression similar to catabolite repression was involved in the phenomenon caused by carbohydrates. However, the fact that cyclic adenosine 3′5′-mono-phosphate did not overcome the repression caused by amino acids or Casamino acids, in contrast to classical catabolite repression, suggests that these two forms of repression may be distinct. [Traduit par le journal]

NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION IN ILLUVIAL ORGANIC MATTER

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Sowden ◽  
M. Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Amino Acids

Organic matter (O.M.) was extracted with 0.5 N NaOH under N2, from samples of the Bh horizon of a Podzol soil. The NaOH-soluble O.M. from one sample was partitioned into "classical" humic and fulvic acids. The O.M. extracted from other samples was passed over an H-resin and purified fulvic acid" was prepared from the eluate. The O.M. retained on the resin was eluted with base. After hydrolysis a sample of the original soil the NaOH-insoluble residue and the various O.M. preparations were analyzed for amino acids, amino sugars and ammonia.Eighty percent of the amino acids in the original soil were accounted for in the NaOH-insoluble residue plus the purified fulvic acid and the NH4OH eluate. Most of the soil amino acids were recovered in the NaOH-insoluble residue plus classical humic plus classical fulvic acid fractions. Qualitatively, the amino acid distribution in all fractions was similar to the distribution or amino acids in an "average" protein. Amounts of amino sugars were small consisting of two-thirds glucosamine and one-third galactosamine. Recoveries of amino sugars were low, possibly due to the effect of alkali.Slightly more than 50% of the soil-N was accounted for as amino acids plus NH3 plus amino sugars. The behavior of the fraction on the exchange resin suggested that the organic C- organic N-system extracted from the soil was not uniform, and that at least portions of the ammo acids and amino sugars were either adsorbed on or physically mixed with organic matter.

Resolving an Anomolous Radiocarbon Determination on Mastodon Bone from Monte Verde, Chile

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra George ◽  
John Southon ◽  
R. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Constituent Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Monte Verde ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Previous 14C determinations obtained on two segments of a single mastodon bone recovered from Monte Verde, Chile, were highly discordant, differing by more than 5,000 years. Because of the significance of this site in discussions concerning the earliest peopling of the Western Hemisphere, additional 14C and new δ13C values have been obtained on organic fractions isolated from both segments. The constituent amino acid profiles indicate that both bone segments retain significant amounts of protein (mostly collagen) residues. Four accelerator mass spectrometry-based 14C values obtained on total amino acids and ultrafiltered gelatin fractions—two from each segment—are statistically identical and indicate an age of 12,460 (± 30) BP for the mastodon. This value is concordant with 14C values obtained on other culturally affiliated organics associated with the MV-II levels at this site.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document