scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES

1953 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Rosenberg ◽  
Elsa Zitcer ◽  
Paul L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Low Nitrogen

A fraction of the ultrafilterable portion of chick embryo extract was isolated by alcohol extraction of a lyophilized powder of the ultrafiltrate followed by ion exchange removal of many of the inert components of the alcohol extract. This fraction contained 3 per cent of the ultrafilterable nitrogen but was capable of completely restoring the growth-promoting activity of dialyzed embryo extract, when tested with chick heart fibroblasts in roller tube cultures. The low nitrogen content, shape of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and presence of few free amino acids, suggest that non-dialyzable compounds serve as the chief source of nutrition for this system.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES

1953 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Rosenberg ◽  
Paul L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Embryo Extract ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Some of the compounds in the active fraction of ultrafiltrates of chick embryo extract have been identified as taurine, serine, glutamic acid, xanthine, uracil, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose, ferrous iron, and inorganic phosphate. Based on the identity of these compounds a synthetic replacement for the ultrafilterable portion of chick embryo extract has been devised. There is an additional nutritional requirement that can be met by vitamin B12. Folic acid appears to be beneficial to the system though the requirements of this or any of the above compounds except vitamin B12 remain for future research. The low nitrogen content of the isolated fraction and the synthetic mixture suggests that the main nutrition of chick cells in roller tube cultures is derived from the non-dialyzable portion of the medium.

The effect of starvation and low nitrogen intakes on the concentration of free amino acids in the blood plasma and on the nitrogen metabolism in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Crossbred wethers were given a control diet (8 g nitrogen, 730 g dry matter daily) or a low nitrogen diet (0.5 g nitrogen, 520 g dry matter daily) or starved, for a 12 or 20 day experimental period. The concentrations of free serine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, histidine, and arginine in the plasma of the starved sheep decreased significantly while the concentrations of lysine, 3-methylhistidine, and isoleucine increased significantly. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids increased from 0.35 to 0.56 in the starved sheep. In sheep on the low nitrogen diet, the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids in the plasma decreased from 0.40 to 0.27, with significant increases in the concentrations of glutanlic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, and 3-methylhistidine. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet both resulted in a reduction of the plasma urea concentrations. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet resulted in a 20-50 % reduction in the flow of saliva and a 40-78% increase in the concentration of total nitrogen. This resulted in no significant change in the daily secretion of nitrogen in the saliva. The concentration of urea in the saliva was increased by 3-54%. The concentrations of individual free amino acids in saliva are reported. The nitrogen content of the rumen was reduced, and after 7 days of starvation or on the low nitrogen diet all rumen nitrogen could be attributed to ammonia and free �-amino nitrogen.

scholarly journals Using two plant growth promoting bacteria to sustainably reduce the drought-induced loss in Triticum aestivum yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
El-Anwar OSMAN ◽  
Wedad A. KASIM ◽  
Nabil A. OMAR ◽  
Samar E. SALAMA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Promoting

In a greenhouse experiment, the inoculated and uninoculated grains with Azospirillum brasilense NO40 or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were sown in unsterilized sandy soil and watered normally till the 8th day. Thereafter, the drought stress was initiated by watering pots once every 10 days while the unstressed pots were irrigated normally once every 5 days. Samples of spikes and dry grains were collected after 120 days from sowing. The results indicated that the inoculated-drought-stressed plants maintained significantly higher values of all of the measured yield parameters, where the yielded grains had higher amounts of the direct reducing sugars, sucrose, starch; lower contents of total soluble proteins and the total free amino acids, and altered protein patterns compared to those of the uninoculated-drought-stressed plants. SDS-PAGE of the yielded grains showed that drought led to the appearance of some newly synthesized stress protein bands and disappearance of others. Inoculation with PGPB resulted in the re-appearance of some of the disappearing bands and the synthesis of new others. Meanwhile, wheat inoculation under normal conditions resulted in significantly promoted grain yields with higher contents of carbohydrates, total soluble proteins and total free amino acids than that of the uninoculated control. It has been proved that treating wheat plants with the PEG-tolerant Azospirillum brasilense NO40 or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia that were compatible with the systems into which they were introduced and possess multiple plant growth promoting traits, can be an efficient strategy to enhance wheat growth and productivity, not only under normal conditions, but also under drought stress.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES

1950 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Hull ◽  
Paul L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Heart Cultures

The effect of horse serum alone, and of embryo extract alone, was compared with that of "complete medium" on the content and synthesis of ribo- and desoxyribonucleic acids and uptake of tracer P32 by chick heart cultures in vitro. The factors mentioned are influenced by embryo extract in a manner similar to the effect in complete medium. Horse serum produced little synthesis of nucleic acids or uptake of tracer, giving only slightly more effect than Tyrode's solution alone. Cutting the tissue into smaller pieces caused considerably greater synthetic effects, and retarded necrosis of the implant.

Free amino -nitrogen used as a monitor for the uptake and movement of amino acids in sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret I. Chalmers ◽  
I. Grant ◽  
Maureen G. Annand ◽  
F. White
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Ration

SummaryFree amino -N estimations were used to monitor the movement of amino acids in the vascular system of sheep. The net uptake of free amino-N by portal drained viscera was measured in whole blood and compared with the net gain in the plasma flow.In normally fed sheep eating dried grass, lucerne or silage the net gain of free amino -N in the plasma of portal blood contributed less than 80% to the total uptake in whole blood. When the protein component of the diet was added into the abomasum (casein supplement to a low nitrogen basal ration) the plasma contribution to the net gain in portal blood averaged 95%.The results suggest that the cells as well as the plasma are involved in the transport of amino acids in blood and that in ruminants all amino acids have to be measured in blood for a quantitative calculation of the absorption from portal drained viscera.

Betaines and free amino acids in salt stressed vitroplants and winter resting buds of Populus trichocarpa x deltoides

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bray ◽  
D. Chriqui ◽  
K. Gloux ◽  
D. Le Rudulier ◽  
M. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa

Plasma and skeletal muscle free amino acids in type I, insulin-treated diabetic subjects

Diabetes ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Borghi ◽  
R. Lugari ◽  
A. Montanari ◽  
P. Dall'Argine ◽  
G. F. Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Type I
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document