GROWTH OF ENTAMOEBA INVADENS IN ORGANOTYPIC CULTURES OF EMBRYONIC CHICK INTESTINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Intact Tissue ◽  
Entamoeba Invadens

Entamoeba invadens from axenic and monoxenic cultures was inoculated into expiants of embryonic chick intestine, which were then cultured in perfusion chambers at 30 °C. The growth and metabolic activity of the explants in cultures were evaluated in terms of fibroblastic outgrowth and extent of liquefaction of the plasma clots in which they were embedded. The effects of several media used to fill the perfusion chambers on the survival of the explants were studied. It was found that amoebae developed best in those explants which themselves showed most vitality; this was in turn related to the kind of fluid medium used in the culture. Amoebae in the explants fed on mucous secretion and on dead cells and penetrated into intact tissue without apparent histolytic activity. It is suggested that the living explants provided the amoebae with certain enzymes which the latter were unable to produce at the temperature of incubation. Approximately 40% of all cultures made became positive for amoebae. This is attributed to the fact that not all explants retained the amoebae injected into them, before they were placed in culture.

Differentiation of Argyrophil and Argentaffin Cells in Organotypic Cultures of Embryonic Chick Intestine

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-313
Author(s):  
Valerio Monesi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Enterochromaffin Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Intestinal Tube ◽  
Developmental Conditions

The problem of the differentiation of enterochromaffin cells in the isolated intestine of the chick was first tackled by Simard & van Campenhout (1932) and by Ghidini (1940) by means of chorioallantoic grafts. They showed that enterochromaffin cells, demonstrated by argentaffin methods, differentiate in the grafts in the same way as they do in normal developmental conditions. These results disproved any passage of enterochromaffin substance (enteramine) from the lumen of the gastro-intestinal tube, but still left the question open as to whether this substance is synthesized in the enterochromaffin cells themselves or whether it reaches them through the blood circulation from other sites of the organism. In the latter case the intestinal wall would work merely as an organ of deposition or excretion of circulating enteramine. Organotypic cultures of intestine, in which the organ is completely isolated from any humoral connexion with the whole organism, may be the means of solving the problem concerning the ability of intestinal cells to elaborate the substance in question.

scholarly journals Changes in the nuclear polyamine content of chick erythrocytes during embryonic development

1979 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Goyns
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Polyamine Content ◽  
In Cells

The polyamine content of the circulating erythrocyte population in the embryonic chick was studied during its development. Total cellular polyamine content fell dramatically between 5 and 7 days of development, paralleling the decrease in metabolic activity exhibited by these cells. Nuclei were isolated from the erythrocytes by a non-aqueous technique, which not only eliminated the polyamine loss that occurred with aqueous isolation, but also prevented redistribution of the polyamines from the cytoplasm. Nuclear spermidine and spermine contents decreased markedly between 5 and 6 days of development from 31 to 10 pmol/microgram of DNA and from 33 to 18 pmol/microgram of DNA respectively. Thereafter the spermine content remained constant, but the spermidine content continued to decline. Good correlations between spermidine and RNA contents were observed in both cells and nuclei, and similarly between spermine and RNA contents in cells, but no such correlation was observed between spermine and RNA in nuclei.

SOME BIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS AND HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS OF ENTAMOEBA INVADENS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Entamoeba Invadens ◽  
Host Parasite

A hypothesis explaining the processes leading to the encystation of E. invadens is presented. It is suggested that E. invadens can live in turtles as a harmless commensal because the conditions necessary for its encystation and the completion of its life cycle are available in the intestinal lumen of turtles. As these conditions are not present in snakes, the amoebae feed on the mucous secretion of the snakes' intestinal epithelium, and invade the tissues.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND FLUID MEDIUM ON THE SURVIVAL OF EMBRYONIC TISSUES IN VITRO

1913 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Favorable Conditions

1. Embryonic chick and rat tissues preserved at temperatures ranging from –7° to +20° C. live longest at about +6° C. The duration of life under the most favorable conditions is less than twenty days. 2. The kind of isotonic medium used,—plasma serum, Ringer solution, or normal salt solution,—does not appreciably influence the period of survival. The quantity of medium in proportion to tissue is similarly without marked effect.

EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF CHICK EMBRYOS WITH ENTAMOEBA INVADENS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Entamoeba Invadens

Entamoeba invadens in chick embryos, incubated at 30 °C, invaded and produced changes in the liver. The embryos did not survive more than six days at 30 °C. after inoculation of the fluid medium, with or without E. invadens, and the inoculated amoebae did not survive the death of the embryo.

scholarly journals A FIBRILLAR INTERCELLULAR MATERIAL BETWEEN REAGGREGATING EMBRYONIC CHICK CELLS

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Overton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Intact Tissue ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Dissociated Cells

Lanthanum staining of embryonic chick cell reaggregates reveals an intercellular material composed of fibrils. Fibrillar arrays may be composed of parallel fibrils with a 35 A center-to-center spacing. Fibrils may also be disoriented, long, and tortuous. Newly dissociated cells show little lanthanum staining surface material, but appreciable amounts are present after 6 hr of reaggregation. Examination of intact tissue does not give the same clear evidence of a fibrillar matrix surrounding the cells, but treatment with a number of agents permits observation of intercellular fibrils, and in some cases there is evidence of orientation. Thus fibrillar material must be taken into account in considering mechanisms of cell aggregation.

Ultrastructure and Drug Metabolism in the Developing Guinea Pig

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
W. Kuenzig ◽  
M. Boublik ◽  
J.J. Kamm ◽  
J.J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

Unlike a variety of other animal species, such as the rabbit, mouse or rat, the guinea pig has a relatively long gestation period and is a more fully developed animal at birth. Kuenzig et al. reported that drug metabolic activity which increases very slowly during fetal life, increases rapidly after birth. Hepatocytes of a 3-day old neonate metabolize drugs and reduce cytochrome P-450 at a rate comparable to that observed in the adult animal. Moreover the administration of drugs like phenobarbital to pregnant guinea pigs increases the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity already in the fetus.Drug metabolic activity is, generally, localized within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the hepatocyte.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

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