Differentiation of Argyrophil and Argentaffin Cells in Organotypic Cultures of Embryonic Chick Intestine

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-313
Author(s):  
Valerio Monesi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Enterochromaffin Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Intestinal Tube ◽  
Developmental Conditions

The problem of the differentiation of enterochromaffin cells in the isolated intestine of the chick was first tackled by Simard & van Campenhout (1932) and by Ghidini (1940) by means of chorioallantoic grafts. They showed that enterochromaffin cells, demonstrated by argentaffin methods, differentiate in the grafts in the same way as they do in normal developmental conditions. These results disproved any passage of enterochromaffin substance (enteramine) from the lumen of the gastro-intestinal tube, but still left the question open as to whether this substance is synthesized in the enterochromaffin cells themselves or whether it reaches them through the blood circulation from other sites of the organism. In the latter case the intestinal wall would work merely as an organ of deposition or excretion of circulating enteramine. Organotypic cultures of intestine, in which the organ is completely isolated from any humoral connexion with the whole organism, may be the means of solving the problem concerning the ability of intestinal cells to elaborate the substance in question.

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR VISCEROABDOMINAL DISPROPORTION SYNDROME IN GASTROSCHISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
D.A. Plokhikh ◽  
◽  
D.E. Beglov ◽  
K.A. Kovalkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defect ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Wall Defect ◽  
Intestinal Tube ◽  
Significant Factors

The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency and search for additional criteria for the diagnosis of visceroabdominal disproportion syndrome (VADS) in newborns with gastroschisis. Materials and methods of research: prospective controlled observational cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in 61 newborns with gastroschisis, admitted from June 2009 to July 2021. To search for the most significant factors indicating the presence of VADS, the following parameters were recorded in the studied patients: the size of the defect in the anterior abdominal wall, the composition of eventrated organs, the presence of a conglomerate of intestinal loops, the diameter of the intestinal tube, the thickness of the intestinal wall, the degree of visceroabdominal disproportion (VAD). Results: VAD was detected in 50 (82%) newborns with gastroschisis. In 10 (17%) cases, VAD was mild, in 27 (44%) – moderate, and in 13 (21%) patients – severe. A moderate direct relationship was found between the size of the anterior abdominal wall defect (r=0.29, p=0.022), intestinal tube diameter (r=0.56; p=0.001) and the severity of VAD. There was a strong direct correlation between the thickness of the intestinal wall, and the frequency and severity of VAD (r=0.93, p=0.001). A direct association was found between the presence of a conglomerate of intestinal loops in the eventrated organs and the frequency of VAD (p=0.002). There was no statistically significant relationship between the number of eventrated anatomical structures with the frequency and degree of VAD (p=0.36). Conclusion: to determine VADS, it is advisable to diagnose the following pathological conditions in patients with gastroschisis: thickening of the intestinal wall, dilatation of the intestinal tube, the presence of a conglomerate of tightly welded eventrated organs, the severity of which is directly proportional to the degree of disproportion.

GROWTH OF ENTAMOEBA INVADENS IN ORGANOTYPIC CULTURES OF EMBRYONIC CHICK INTESTINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Intact Tissue ◽  
Entamoeba Invadens

Entamoeba invadens from axenic and monoxenic cultures was inoculated into expiants of embryonic chick intestine, which were then cultured in perfusion chambers at 30 °C. The growth and metabolic activity of the explants in cultures were evaluated in terms of fibroblastic outgrowth and extent of liquefaction of the plasma clots in which they were embedded. The effects of several media used to fill the perfusion chambers on the survival of the explants were studied. It was found that amoebae developed best in those explants which themselves showed most vitality; this was in turn related to the kind of fluid medium used in the culture. Amoebae in the explants fed on mucous secretion and on dead cells and penetrated into intact tissue without apparent histolytic activity. It is suggested that the living explants provided the amoebae with certain enzymes which the latter were unable to produce at the temperature of incubation. Approximately 40% of all cultures made became positive for amoebae. This is attributed to the fact that not all explants retained the amoebae injected into them, before they were placed in culture.

scholarly journals The spatial arrangement of the human large intestinal wall blood circulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kachlik ◽  
Vaclav Baca ◽  
Josef Stingl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Intestinal Wall

scholarly journals Part of quercetin absorbed in the small intestine is conjugated and further secreted in the intestinal lumen

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. G120-G126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Crespy ◽  
Christine Morand ◽  
Claudine Manach ◽  
Catherine Besson ◽  
Christian Demigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Biliary Duct ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Period ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Rutin and quercetin absorption and metabolism were investigated in rats after in situ perfusion of jejunum plus ileum (15 nmol/min). In contrast to rutin, a high proportion of quercetin (two-thirds) disappeared during perfusion, reflecting extensive transfer into the intestinal wall. Net quercetin absorption was not complete (2.1 nmol/min), inasmuch as 52% were reexcreted in the lumen as conjugated derivatives (7.7 nmol/min). Enterohepatic recycling contribution of flavonoids was excluded by catheterization of the biliary duct before perfusion. After a 30-min perfusion period, 0.71 μM of quercetin equivalents were detected in plasma, reflecting a significant absorption from the small intestine. The differential hydrolysis of effluent samples by glucuronidase and/or sulfatase indicates that the conjugated forms released in the lumen were 1) glucuronidated derivatives of quercetin and of its methoxylated forms (64%) and 2) sulfated form of quercetin (36%). In vitro quercetin glucuronides synthetized using jejunal and ileal microsomal fractions were similar to those recovered in the effluent of perfusion. These data suggest that glucuronidation and sulfatation take place in intestinal cells, whereas no glucurono-sulfoconjugates could be detected in the effluent. The present work shows that a rapid quercetin absorption in the small intestine is very effective together with its active conjugation in intestinal cells.

scholarly journals Our experience of phototherapy application for the prevention of the inconsistency of seams of intestinal anastomoses

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Intestinal Anastomosis ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Anastomoses ◽  
Intestinal Tube ◽  
Group 2

Introduction. The problem of destructive complications from the side of the intestinal wall with a violation of its integrity is still far from being resolved. With the destruction of the intestine, complicated by peritonitis, the possibility of simultaneous restoration of the continuity of the intestinal tube is questioned due to the threat of the development of failure of the sutures. Suture failure is caused by a purulent-inflammatory process and the disturbances of intramural blood flow and microcirculation that accompany it or precede it (with strangulation). The aim of the work is to develop methods for preventing the development of insolvency of sutures of the intestinal anastomoses. Materials and methods. The paper presents a methodology developed by the authors for treating patients who underwent resection of segments of the small intestine using local phototherapy. The study is based on comparing the treatment results of 15 patients, of which 8 made up the comparison group (group 1) and 7 patients (group 2) of the main group. Phototherapy was carried out through an additionally installed drainage with a quartz-polymer light guide with a diameter of 400 μm, with a radiation wavelength of 660 nm, and a radiation power of 50 mW. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental indicators (electrogastroenterography), as well as the number of postoperative complications, were evaluated. Results. In patients of group 2, at an earlier date, the general condition and clinical and biochemical parameters returned to normal; on the 2nd–3rd day of the postoperative period, restoration of peristalsis was noted, on the 4th–5th day, the passage along the gastrointestinal tract was restored. In one group, in one observation, an intestinal anastomosis was insolvent, which required relaparotomy, in two cases the postoperative period was complicated by the development of suppuration of postoperative wounds, and in group 2 there were no purulent-inflammatory complications. Findings. The use of phototherapy of intestinal anastomoses indicates its effectiveness, which, in our opinion, can be explained by such effects of light exposure as bacteriostatic, immunomodulating, as well as improved microcirculation. This technique is simple, minimally invasive and has a significant economic effect.

scholarly journals Lectin-like Ox-LDL Receptor Is Expressed in Human INT-407 Intestinal Cells: Involvement in the Transcytosis of Pancreatic Bile Salt–dependent Lipase

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2861-2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Bruneau ◽  
Stéphane Richard ◽  
Françoise Silvy ◽  
Alain Verine ◽  
Dominique Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Specific Receptor ◽  
Polyinosinic Acid ◽  
Tight Epithelium ◽  
Human Intestinal Cells

We have recently shown that the pancreatic bile salt–dependent lipase (BSDL) can be taken up by intestinal cells and transported to the blood circulation. This mechanism likely involves (specific) receptor(s) able to bind BSDL and located at the apical intestinal cell membrane. In this study, using Int407 human intestinal cells cultured to form a tight epithelium, we attempted to characterize (the) BSDL receptor(s). We found that an apical 50-kDa protein was able to bind BSDL. Further, we have demonstrated that Int407 cells expressed the lectin-like oxidized-LDL receptor (LOX-1), the upregulation of which by oxidized-LDL potentiates the transcytosis of BSDL, whereas carrageenan and to a lesser extent polyinosinic acid and fucoidan decrease the enzyme transcytosis. The mAb JTX92, which blocks the LOX-1 receptor function, also impaired the BSDL transcytosis. To confirm these results, the cDNA encoding the human intestinal receptor LOX-1 has been cloned, inserted into vectors, and transfected into Int407 cells. Overexpression of LOX-1 by these cells leads to a substantial increase in the BSDL transcytosis. Globally, these data support the view that LOX-1 could be an intestinal receptor for BSDL, which is implicated in the transcytosis of this enzyme throughout Int407 cells.

Bacterial-Mucosal Cell Junctional Complexes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Roger C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Degenerative Alterations ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Bacteria exhibit the ability to adhere to the apical surfaces of intestinal mucosal cells. These attachments either precede invasion of the intestinal wall by the bacteria with accompanying inflammation and degeneration of the mucosa or represent permanent anchoring sites where the bacteria never totally penetrate the mucosal cells.Endemic gram negative bacteria were found attached to the surface of mucosal cells lining the walls of crypts in the rat colon. The bacteria did not intrude deeper than 0.5 urn into the mucosal cells and no degenerative alterations were detectable in the mucosal lining.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

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