STUDIES ON THE ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS LARVAE

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Labzoffsky ◽  
E. Kuitunen ◽  
L. P. Morrissey ◽  
J. J. Hamvas
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

By means of physical and chemical procedures seven antigenic fractions have been isolated from Trichinella spiralis larvae, as determined by complement fixation. Some evidence is presented to indicate that at least some of the isolated fractions are antigenically distinct and that antibodies in Trichinella-infested rabbit develop at different times for different fractions. Importance of using a properly selected antigen in serodiagnosis of trichinosis is discussed.

STUDIES ON THE ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE OF HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Labzoffsky ◽  
J. B. Fischer ◽  
J. J. Hamvas
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Employing physical and chemical methods eight antigenic fractions were isolated from Histoplasma capsulatum as determined by complement fixation technique. Two of the fractions were found to cross-react with coccidioidal antisera, two with coccidioidal and Blastomyces antisera, one with Blastomyces antisera, while the remaining three displayed specificity by reacting with Histoplasma antisera only. Some evidence is presented to indicate that the isolated fractions are antigenically distinct.

scholarly journals An analysis of the complement-fixation reaction in influenza

1945 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Fixation Reaction ◽  
Mouse Lung Tissue ◽  
Serial Dilutions

1. An analysis of the complement-fixation reaction in influenza has been made by the use of chess-board experiments in which serial dilutions of antigen are tested against serial dilutions of serum with a constant dose of complement.2. The reaction has been shown to be a complex one, involving two different antigens, the virus elementary body and the soluble antigen.3. The soluble antigens of all strains of influenza virus A are identical, and different from the antigen of virus B.4. The elementary body is a complex of several different antigens, and differences in antigenic structure can be detected between different strains of virus A. All elementary body preparations, however, contain soluble antigen which may be an intrinsic part of the elementary body or may be adsorbed.5. The most suitable antigen for use in epidemiological studies is one containing chiefly soluble antigen, and a description is given of the method of preparation and use of such an antigen derived from infected mouse-lung tissue.The author wishes to express his indebtedness to Dr C. H. Andrewes for some of the strains of influenza virus used in this work.

FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING IN THE SERODIAGNOSIS OF TRICHINOSIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Baratawidjaja ◽  
Ann Hewson ◽  
N. A. Labzoffsky
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Staining

A fluorescent staining procedure for Trichinella spiralis and the appearance of the stained larvae are described. The applicability of the method to the sero-diagnosis of trichinosis was investigated. The results obtained both with the experimental and human sera agreed well with the complement-fixation results. In titrating 9 experimental sera and 36 sera from parasitologically proved or clinically diagnosed cases of trichinosis in humans, higher titers were obtained by the immunofluorescent staining, indicating that this test is somewhat more sensitive.

scholarly journals Antigenic structure of influenza viruses; the preparation of elementary body suspensions and the nature of the complement-fixing antigen

1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Hoyle ◽  
R. W. Fairbrother
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Protective Antibodies

There is much evidence to indicate that viruses, in certain cases at least, have an antigenic structure of comparable complexity to that of the bacteria. Hughes (1933) found that the serum of animals immunized with the yellow-fever virus contained two independent antibodies—precipitins and protective antibodies; the precipitinogen was distinct from the virus. Craigie & Wishart (1936) in investigations of the vaccinia virus have shown that, in addition to the elementary bodies, virus suspensions contain two soluble precipitable substances, the “L” antigen which is labile at 56° C. and the “S” antigen which is stable at 95° C. These antigens were readily demonstrated by precipitation, agglutination and complement fixation. Their nature and origin have not, however, been precisely determined. Bedson (1936), working with the psittacosis virus, prepared a soluble antigen, which was independent of the elementary bodies. It was most satisfactorily demonstrated by complement fixation.

scholarly journals The serological relationship betweenBrucellaspp.,Yersinia enterocoliticaserotype IX andSalmonellaserotypes of Kauffmann-White group N

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Corbel
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Serological Relationship ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera

SUMMARYThe serological relationship betweenBrucellaspp.,Yersinia enterocoliticaIX, and the group N salmonella serotypesS. godesberg, S. landau, S. morehead, S. neusdorf, S. soerengaandS. urbanawas examined using agglutination, antiglobulin, complement fixation, immunodiffusion and fluorescent antibody methods.Antisera to the group N salmonella serotypes all reacted to significant titres in agglutination and complement fixation, but not antiglobulin or immunodiffusion tests with smooth brucella antigens. These antisera also reacted in agglutination, but not antiglobulin, tests withY. enterocoliticaIX. They did not react significantly in any tests with rough brucella antigens.Conversely, antisera to smoothBrucellaspp. agglutinated group N salmonellas to low titre andY. enterocoliticaIX to titres similar to those given against the homologous strain. Antiserum toY. enterocoliticaIX on the other hand reacted with smooth brucella antigens to high titre in agglutination, complement fixation and antiglobulin tests, and with the group N salmonella antigens to substantial titres in agglutination tests.In direct fluorescent antibody tests, smoothBrucellastrains andY. enterocoliticaIX reacted strongly with FITC-labelled antibody toBr. abortuswhereas the group N salmonella strains reacted weakly.In tests with monospecific antisera to the A and M determinants ofBr. abortusandBr. melitensisrespectively,Y. enterocoliticaIX reacted only with the antiserum to the A determinant whereas group N salmonellas reacted to low titre with both A and M antisera.The results of cross-absorption tests confirmed this relationship and suggested that the O30 antigens of group N salmonella serotypes contained antigenic determinants similar to, but not identical with, the antigenic structure shared by smoothBrucellaspp. andY. enterocoliticaIX.

ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO NATURALLY OCCURRING POLIOMYELITIS INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
C. Arden Miller ◽  
Jacqueline Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Serums collected over an 18-month period from children with a clinical diagnosis of poliomyelitis were studied by means of the complement fixation test. Test antigens were prepared from the nutrient fluid of tissue cultures infected with each of the 3 known types of poliomyelitis viruses. Results were compared with those obtained from neutralization tests on the same serums. The complement fixation test was of little diagnostic help in these patients; a high titer, a rise in titer, and a fall in titer were all inconstant findings. A complement fixing antibody titer persisting beyond 100 days was more indicative of the immunologic type of the infecting virus than any other feature of the complement fixing antibody response. The multitypic nature of the complement fixing antibody response was discussed in relation to the complex antigenic structure of poliomyelitis viruses.

Inhibition of Trichinella spiralis Complement Fixation by Immune Macroglobulin

1968 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 828-831
Author(s):  
R. W. Stevens ◽  
J. T. Utter ◽  
M. S. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis

A PRELIMINARY COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEST ANTIGENS PREPARED FROM ADULT AND LARVAL FORMS OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-542
Author(s):  
Winifred M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Fixation Test

Test antigens prepared respectively from adult and from larval Trichina were compared by means of the complement fixation test on serum from rabbits infected experimentally with varying numbers of Trichinae. While significant levels of reactivity with “adult” antigen were shown to occur, it had no apparent advantage over the “larval” antigen in the early detection of antibodies.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

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