THE FERMENTATION OF L-ERYTHRULOSE BY AEROBACTER AEROGENES

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Tattrie ◽  
A. C. Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Aerobacter Aerogenes

L-Erythrulose was dissimulated anaerobically by Aerobacter aerogenes PRL R4 producing acetic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, ethanol, erythritol, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and traces of acetone and 2,3-butanediol. D-Erythrose and D-threose were also dissimilated to form the same products. Resting cells metabolized the tetroses, whereas cell-free preparations were inactive. Phosphorylation of the tetroses was not found with cell-free preparations.

scholarly journals The enzymes of B. Coli communis which are concerned in the decomposition of glucose and mannitol. Part IV. —The fermentation of glucose in the presence of formic acid

1920 ◽  
Vol 91 (640) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Glucose Molecule

In this series of communications the writer is endeavouring to show how, by varying the conditions of the experiment, it is possible to alter the proportion between the products which arise from the fermentation of glucoseand allied substances, and to point out how, by a consideration of the manner in which these products group themselves, conclusions may be drawn as to the order in which such products arise during the degradation of the glucose molecule. Substances which can be shown to arise in constant proportions under varying conditions of experiment may be considered as being produced by one and the same enzyme. In Parts II and III it was shown that the formation of lactic acid by B . coli communis ran a separate course to that of the other products, so that it may be regarded as being produced by a separate enzyme, but the other products of the fermentation, viz., succinic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, and alcohol, together with the gaseous products of the decomposition of formic acid, i. e ., carbon dioxide and hydrogen, all appeared to be grouped together and to form an alternative course for the decomposition of the glucose.

THE ANAEROBIC DISSIMILATION OF D-GLUCOSE-1-C14, D-ARABINOSE-1-C14, AND L-ARABINOSE-1-C14 BY AEROBACTER AEROGENES

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish ◽  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Aerobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Ethanol Acetic Acid

D-Glucose-1-C14, D-arabinose-1-C14, and L-arabinose-1-C14 were dissimilated anaerobically by Aerobacter aerogenes. The major products (2,3-butanediol, ethanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, and carbon dioxide) were isolated and the location of C14 determined. The products from glucose were all labeled, mainly in the methyl groups, in agreement with the hypothesis that they were derived from methyl-labeled pyruvate formed by the reactions of the classical Embden–Meyerhof scheme for glycolysis. The products from both pentoses appeared to have been formed from pyruvate labeled in both the methyl and carboxyl groups with twice as much C14 in the methyl group as in the carboxyl group. This result may be explained quantitatively by a hypothesis assuming complete conversion of pentose to triose via a heptulose.

Separation of Acetic Acid, Formic Acid, Succinic Acid, and Lactic Acid Using Adsorbent Resin

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 2102-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Geun Nam ◽  
Geon-Woo Lim ◽  
Sungyong Mun
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Adsorbent Resin

THE ANAEROBIC DISSIMILATION OF D-GLUCOSE-1-C14, D-ARABINOSE-1-C14, AND L-ARABINOSE-1-C14 BY AEROBACTER AEROGENES

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish ◽  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Aerobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Ethanol Acetic Acid

D-Glucose-1-C14, D-arabinose-1-C14, and L-arabinose-1-C14 were dissimilated anaerobically by Aerobacter aerogenes. The major products (2,3-butanediol, ethanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, and carbon dioxide) were isolated and the location of C14 determined. The products from glucose were all labeled, mainly in the methyl groups, in agreement with the hypothesis that they were derived from methyl-labeled pyruvate formed by the reactions of the classical Embden–Meyerhof scheme for glycolysis. The products from both pentoses appeared to have been formed from pyruvate labeled in both the methyl and carboxyl groups with twice as much C14 in the methyl group as in the carboxyl group. This result may be explained quantitatively by a hypothesis assuming complete conversion of pentose to triose via a heptulose.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED D-FRUCTOSE AND OTHER KETOSES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Brice ◽  
A. S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure is described for determining the activity of the individual carbon atoms in D-fructose labelled with C14, which is suitable for as little as 1 millimole of the sugar. The D-fructose is degraded by lead tetraacetate oxidation and the product is hydrolyzed to glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-glyceraldehyde. Glycolic acid is oxidized to formaldehyde (carbon-1) and carbon dioxide (carbon-2), and formic acid to carbon dioxide (carbon-3). D-Glyceraldehyde is degraded to carbon dioxide (carbons-4 and -5, combined) and formaldehyde (carbon-6); after reduction of a second portion of the D-glyceraldehyde to glycerol, the degradation products obtained are carbon dioxide (carbon-5) and formaldehyde (carbons-4 and -6, combined). The activity of carbon-1, -2, -3, -5, or -6 is thus determined directly, and of carbon-4 by difference in two ways. The procedure should also be applicable to C14-labelled L-sorbose. Lead tetraacetate oxidation of sedoheptulose followed by hydrolysis yields glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-erythrose. These three fragments are degraded in turn to afford a method for partial determination of the C14-distribution in samples of this important heptulose.

Glucose Metabolism of Bacteria from Commercial Fish

1942 ◽  
Vol 6a (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sigurdsson ◽  
A. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fermentation System ◽  
Resting Cell ◽  
Optimum Ph

The products of fermentation of glucose by "resting cell" suspensions of certain bacteria (Serratia, Achromobacter, and Micrococcus) isolated from decomposing cod muscle include lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide and small amounts of acetylmethylcarbinol. With increased acidity in the fermentation system there is a marked increase in the percentage of lactic acid formed, with a corresponding decrease in the other products. The optimum pH for the fermentation of glucose appears to be in the vicinity of 6.8—that is at, or near, the pH of fresh cod muscle.

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: XXV. DISSIMILATION OF GLUCOSE BY BACTERIA OF THE GENUS SERRATIA

1948 ◽  
Vol 26b (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish ◽  
A. C. Blackwood ◽  
Florence M. Robertson ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Formation ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Typical Strain ◽  
Different Strains

The genus Serratia may be divided into three groups on the basis of three characteristic fermentations found under anaerobic conditions. The first group, comprised of all strains of S. marcescens, S. anolium, and S. indica tested and one strain named S. kielensis, dissimilates glucose as follows: C6H12O6 → CH3CHOHCHOHCH3 + HCOOH + CO2. The second group, containing S. plymouthensis and some unnamed strains, dissimilates glucose according to the equation: C6H12O6 → CH3CHOHCHOHCH3 + 2CO2 + H2. The third group containing only the most typical strain of S. kielensis carries out the reaction: C6H12O6 + 2H2O → 2CH3COOH + 2CO2 + 4H2. These reactions account for approximately one-half of the glucose utilized, the remainder being accounted for chiefly by the ethanol and lactic acid fermentations which are found in varying proportions with different strains. All strains form some succinic acid, probably by carbon dioxide fixation. Under aerobic conditions carbon dioxide formation is stimulated, chiefly at the expense of formic acid with organisms of the first group, while hydrogen formation by organisms of the second and third groups is depressed.

THE METABOLISM OF 2-KETO-D-GLUCONATE BY RESTING CELLS OF LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
E. R. Blakley ◽  
A. C. Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Resting Cells

The rate of utilization of 2-keto-D-gluconate and the accumulation of pentulose by resting cells of Leuconostoc mesenteroides is affected markedly by pH, Below pH 5, 2-keto-D-gluconate is utilized slowly and pentulose accumulates in the fermentation medium. The pentulose was separated by column chromatography and identified as D-xylulose and D-ribulose. The products of the fermentation of 2-keto-D-gluconate by resting cells, in addition to pentulose, are carbon dioxide, acetic acid, and lactic acid, as expected from the studies with growing cultures. The results obtained are unexpected when considered with what is known about the metabolism of 2-keto-D-gluconate by this organism.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED XYLOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Chemical Procedure ◽  
Purified Salt

A series of reactions reported previously for the degradation of glucose has been modified and extended to permit the determination of carbon-14 in each of the five carbons of a single 2 mM. xylose sample. Methyl xylopyranoside was oxidized with periodic acid giving C-3 as formic acid, and a dialdehyde which was converted to strontium methoxy-diglycolate. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glycolic acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2) which was decarboxylated to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glycolic acid was oxidized by lead tetraacetate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide and C-5 as formaldehyde. The activity in C-1 was determined by difference. The method was applied to xylose-1-C14, xylose-5-C14, and a biologically synthesized xylose sample with satisfactory results. This degradation procedure is theoretically applicable to other aldopentoses and aldotetroses.

STUDIES ON THE ANAEROBIC DISSIMILATION OF GLUCOSE BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS (FORD'S TYPE)

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Aerobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Carbon 14

Bacillus subtilis (Ford's type) was able to fix only 3% of the NaHC14O3 added during anaerobic dissimilation of glucose, under conditions where Serratia marcescens and Aerobacter aerogenes fixed 38% and 54% respectively. The carbon-14 was found mainly in succinic acid, lactic acid carboxyl, and formic acid, in decreasing order of specific activity. Similar experiments with labelled formate showed it to be relatively inert, most of it being recovered unchanged. Acetate was readily metabolized by B. subtilis during the fermentation of glucose with a marked increase in the amount of 2,3-butanediol and ethanol formed, while the amount of glycerol was decreased to less than one-tenth of the normal value. Experiments with CH3C14OONa proved that the acetate was reduced to ethanol, only traces of acetate carbon being found in 2,3-butanediol or lactic acid. Fermentation of glucose-1-C14 gave 2,3-butanediol and lactic acid labelled in the methyl groups and glycerol labelled mainly in the primary alcohol groups; only a small part of the carbon-14 being found in carbon dioxide.

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