THE ENTEROBACTERIAL HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST AND ITS DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIALITIES

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Neter ◽  
E. A. Gorzynski ◽  
R. M. Gino ◽  
O. Westphal ◽  
O. Lüderitz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Bacterial Agglutination

Crude Salmonella antigens obtained from heated cultures are readily adsorbed on human red blood cells; the latter are specifically agglutinated by homologous bacterial antibodies, This Salmonella hemagglutination test is shown to be a sensitive tool for the detection of antibodies developed during salmonellosis and is distinctly superior to the conventional bacterial agglutination test. Patients with Salmonella infection may develop homologous hemagglutinins in high titer and a variety of heterologous enteric antibodies in low titer. These antibodies can be differentiated by absorption with modified red blood cells. Three different purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides as well as the corresponding crude antigens can be simultaneously adsorbed on red blood cells. A suspension of red blood cells modified with several Salmonella and Shigella antigens is shown to be suitable as a polyvalent antigen for the detection of enterobacterial antibodies. The possible clinical usefulness of the monovalent and polyvalent enterobacterial hemagglutination tests is discussed.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HEMAGGLUTINATION AND HEMOLYSIS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI ANTISERA

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Neter ◽  
Lee F. Bertram ◽  
Dorothy A. Zak ◽  
Miriam R. Murdock ◽  
Carl E. Arbesman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Homologous Blood ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Group A

A study on hemagglutination and hemolysis by Escherichia coli O111 and O55 (rabbit) antisera and on hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition by E. coli O111 and O55 antigens revealed the following facts. 1. Red blood cells of man, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, rat, and chicken adsorb E. coli O111 and O55 antigens and thus become specifically agglutinable by the homologous E. coli antisera. 2. The adsorption of these E. coli antigens is a function of the concentration of the antigen, the time (from 5 minutes to 2 hours) of treatment of the red blood cells with the antigen, and the concentration of the red blood cells used. 3. Red blood cells of man and sheep adsorb simultaneously both antigens, as indicated by the fact that both antisera give agglutination of all red blood cells. Complete agglutination does not occur when a mixture of red blood cells treated separately with the two antigens is added to one or the other of the two antisera. 4. Treatment of red blood cells of man with one of the antigens does not block the adsorption of the second antigen. Human cells treated with either or both antigens are still agglutinated by the homologous blood group (A, B, and Rh)-specific antibodies. 5. In the presence of guinea pig complement, E. coli O111 and O55 antisera produce hemolysis of modified human red blood cells in titers of the same order of magnitude as those giving hemagglutination and bacterial agglutination. The same antisera produce hemolysis of sheep cells treated with the identical antigens in titers exceeding by far those giving agglutination of modified human or sheep red blood cells. 6. Both sediment and supernate of a boiled E. coli suspension are capable of modifying red blood cells for E. coli hemagglutination; in contrast, the supernate obtained from an unboiled suspension and then heated does not modify red blood cells for hemagglutination, although it contains the antigen which can specifically adsorb E. coli antibodies, as shown by means of the hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition tests. 7. Both the unheated and the boiled suspensions of E. coli O111 and O55 inhibit hemagglutination and hemolysis specifically. 8. Rabbit red blood cells modified by either E. coli O111 or 055 antigens, upon intravenous injection into rabbits, engender specific E. coli antibodies. The significance of the results is discussed.

DEMONSTRATION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN SERA OF CHILDREN OF VARIOUS AGES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-808
Author(s):  
Erwin Neter ◽  
Otto Westphal ◽  
Otto Lüderitz ◽  
Rosalie M. Gino ◽  
Eugene A. Gorzynski
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Antibody Titers

A study on the presence of Escherichia coli 0111, 055, and 026 hemagglutinins and agglutinins in the sera of children and adults selected at random yielded the following results. The E. coli hemagglutination test proved to be far more sensitive for the detection of these antibodies than the conventional bacterial agglutination test. A relationship was found to exist between the presence of E. coli hemagglutinins and the age of the individuals; these antibodies were found in over 90 per cent of human sera selected at random from individuals 12 years of age and older, and less than 14 per cent of sera from infants up to the age of 3 months. Placental transfer of E. coli hemagglutinins was demonstrated in only 3 out of 26 cases, and in these instances the maternal antibody titers were from 4 to 16 times higher than those of the cord blood. These E. coli hemagglutinins were demonstrated also with red blood cells modified with purified lipopolysaccharides, indicating that they react with the somatic antigens of these serogroups of E. coli. The specificity of the hemagglutinins was established by absorption tests, utilizing red blood cells modified by one or the other of the lipopolysaccharides. E. coli 0111, 055, and 026 hemagglutinins were demonstrated in 2 commercial gamma globulin preparations, indicating that these antibodies are not restricted to a population in a small geographical area. The potential diagnostic usefulness of the E. coli hemagglutination test deserves further investigation.

THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO GRAM NEGATIVE ORGANISMS: AN EXPLANATION OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BACTERIAL AND HEMAGGLUTINATING ANTIBODY TITERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
EDWARD F. RABE ◽  
MURIEL PLONKO
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Homologous Antigen ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cross Absorption ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Bacterial Agglutination

1. 0 antigens to one strain each of Klebsiella type 55-97, Paracolon 0, Group 3, and S. Choleraesuis produce antibodies in rabbits which can be measured by the following techniques: bacterial agglutination, indirect hemagglutination using red blood cells sensitized with bacterial suspension, bacterial polysaccharide or Seitz filtrate of broth culture of the bacteria, and the hemolytic modificaion of the hemagglutination test using bacterial suspension or polysaccharide sensitized red blood cells as antigen. 2. The highest absolute titers are recorded with bacterial suspension sensitized red blood cells in either the hemagglutination test or the hemolytic modification of this test. Titer differences between paired sera are measured as well by the bacterial agglutination test as by the indirect hemaglutination test. This is true for any of the three bacterial antigens studies. 3. Cross absorption tests with a Klebsiella antiserum and four forms of the homologous antigen indicate that the Klebsiella organism least two antigenic components giving rise to distinct antibodies. 4. Differences in titer between bacterial and hemagglutinating antibodies for Klebsiella are the result of the existence of two distinct antigenic components in the bacteria which are measured separately by each test.

scholarly journals Staining Cells with Extracts Prepared from Flowers of Bougainvillea X Buttiana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Paul Towet
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Background Staining ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
The University

Abstract Background: Staining is the application of dyes to specimens to impart colour to cells through a chemical reaction. The study aimed at finding plant extracts to stain human blood cells, stem sections of Amaranthus species, Gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: Healthy mature flowers of Bougainvillea X buttiana and Amaranthus species plants were picked from gardens around the University of Kisubi. Bracts of Bougainvillea X buttiana were separated from other flower parts and air-dried. Both negative and positive controls for cells were prepared. Results: White blood cells, platelets, and cells of Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus did not stain under all treatments with the extracts while human red blood cells and stem sections of Amaranthus species stained under certain treatments with the extracts. The extracts were more successful in staining stem sections of Amaranthus species as compared to human red blood cells where staining occurred in very few circumstances. Stem sections of Amaranthus species required shorter to stain effectively while human red blood cells required longer to stain effectively. Conclusion: Extracts of the bracts of Bougainvillea X can be experimented with various cells when their pH is neutral and alkaline.

Staining Cells with Extracts Prepared from Flowers of Bougainvillea X Buttiana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Paul Towet
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Background Staining ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
The University

Background: Staining is the application of dyes to specimens to impart colour to cells through a chemical reaction. The study aimed at finding plant extracts to stain human blood cells, stem sections of Amaranthus species, Gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: Healthy mature flowers of Bougainvillea X buttiana and Amaranthus species plants were picked from gardens around the University of Kisubi. Bracts of Bougainvillea X buttiana were separated from other flower parts and air-dried. Both negative and positive controls for cells were prepared. Results: White blood cells, platelets, and cells of Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus did not stain under all treatments with the extracts while human red blood cells and stem sections of Amaranthus species stained under certain treatments with the extracts. The extracts were more successful in staining stem sections of Amaranthus species as compared to human red blood cells where staining occurred in very few circumstances. Stem sections of Amaranthus species required shorter to stain effectively while human red blood cells required longer to stain effectively. Conclusion: Extracts of the bracts of Bougainvillea X  can be experimented with various cells when their pH is neutral and alkaline.

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