scholarly journals STUDIES ON HEMAGGLUTINATION AND HEMOLYSIS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI ANTISERA

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Neter ◽  
Lee F. Bertram ◽  
Dorothy A. Zak ◽  
Miriam R. Murdock ◽  
Carl E. Arbesman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Homologous Blood ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Group A

A study on hemagglutination and hemolysis by Escherichia coli O111 and O55 (rabbit) antisera and on hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition by E. coli O111 and O55 antigens revealed the following facts. 1. Red blood cells of man, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, rat, and chicken adsorb E. coli O111 and O55 antigens and thus become specifically agglutinable by the homologous E. coli antisera. 2. The adsorption of these E. coli antigens is a function of the concentration of the antigen, the time (from 5 minutes to 2 hours) of treatment of the red blood cells with the antigen, and the concentration of the red blood cells used. 3. Red blood cells of man and sheep adsorb simultaneously both antigens, as indicated by the fact that both antisera give agglutination of all red blood cells. Complete agglutination does not occur when a mixture of red blood cells treated separately with the two antigens is added to one or the other of the two antisera. 4. Treatment of red blood cells of man with one of the antigens does not block the adsorption of the second antigen. Human cells treated with either or both antigens are still agglutinated by the homologous blood group (A, B, and Rh)-specific antibodies. 5. In the presence of guinea pig complement, E. coli O111 and O55 antisera produce hemolysis of modified human red blood cells in titers of the same order of magnitude as those giving hemagglutination and bacterial agglutination. The same antisera produce hemolysis of sheep cells treated with the identical antigens in titers exceeding by far those giving agglutination of modified human or sheep red blood cells. 6. Both sediment and supernate of a boiled E. coli suspension are capable of modifying red blood cells for E. coli hemagglutination; in contrast, the supernate obtained from an unboiled suspension and then heated does not modify red blood cells for hemagglutination, although it contains the antigen which can specifically adsorb E. coli antibodies, as shown by means of the hemagglutination and hemolysis inhibition tests. 7. Both the unheated and the boiled suspensions of E. coli O111 and O55 inhibit hemagglutination and hemolysis specifically. 8. Rabbit red blood cells modified by either E. coli O111 or 055 antigens, upon intravenous injection into rabbits, engender specific E. coli antibodies. The significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Red blood cell size is important for adherence of blood platelets to artery subendothelium

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Aarts ◽  
PA Bolhuis ◽  
KS Sakariassen ◽  
RM Heethaar ◽  
JJ Sixma
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Adherence ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract The hematocrit is one of the main factors influencing platelet adherence to the vessel wall. Raising the hematocrit causes an increase of platelet accumulation of about an order of magnitude. Our studies concern the role of red cell size. We have studied this effect using an annular perfusion chamber, according to Baumgartner, with human umbilical arteries and a steady-flow system. Normal human red blood cells (MCV 95 cu mu) increased platelet adherence sevenfold, as the hematocrit increases from 0 to 0.6. Small erythrocytes from goats (MCV 25 cu mu) caused no increment in adherence in the same hematocrit range. Rabbit erythrocytes (MCV 70 cu mu) caused an intermediate increase in adherence. Red blood cells from newborns (MCV 110–130 cu mu) caused a larger increase in platelet adherence than normal red cells at hematocrit 0.4. These results were further confirmed with large red blood cells from two patients. Experiments with small red cells (MCV 70 cu mu) of patients with iron deficiency showed that platelet adherence was similar to normal red cells, provided the red cell diameter was normal. Small red blood cells of a patient with sideroblastic anemia caused decreased adherence. These data indicate that red cell size is of major importance for platelet adherence. Red cell diameter is more important than average volume. However, for size differences in the human range, the hematocrit remains the dominant parameter.

DEMONSTRATION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN SERA OF CHILDREN OF VARIOUS AGES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-808
Author(s):  
Erwin Neter ◽  
Otto Westphal ◽  
Otto Lüderitz ◽  
Rosalie M. Gino ◽  
Eugene A. Gorzynski
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Antibody Titers

A study on the presence of Escherichia coli 0111, 055, and 026 hemagglutinins and agglutinins in the sera of children and adults selected at random yielded the following results. The E. coli hemagglutination test proved to be far more sensitive for the detection of these antibodies than the conventional bacterial agglutination test. A relationship was found to exist between the presence of E. coli hemagglutinins and the age of the individuals; these antibodies were found in over 90 per cent of human sera selected at random from individuals 12 years of age and older, and less than 14 per cent of sera from infants up to the age of 3 months. Placental transfer of E. coli hemagglutinins was demonstrated in only 3 out of 26 cases, and in these instances the maternal antibody titers were from 4 to 16 times higher than those of the cord blood. These E. coli hemagglutinins were demonstrated also with red blood cells modified with purified lipopolysaccharides, indicating that they react with the somatic antigens of these serogroups of E. coli. The specificity of the hemagglutinins was established by absorption tests, utilizing red blood cells modified by one or the other of the lipopolysaccharides. E. coli 0111, 055, and 026 hemagglutinins were demonstrated in 2 commercial gamma globulin preparations, indicating that these antibodies are not restricted to a population in a small geographical area. The potential diagnostic usefulness of the E. coli hemagglutination test deserves further investigation.

Universal red blood cells—enzymatic conversion of blood group A and B antigens

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L Olsson ◽  
Cheryl A Hill ◽  
Humberto de la Vega ◽  
Qiyong P Liu ◽  
Mark R Stroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Red blood cell size is important for adherence of blood platelets to artery subendothelium

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Aarts ◽  
PA Bolhuis ◽  
KS Sakariassen ◽  
RM Heethaar ◽  
JJ Sixma
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Adherence ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The hematocrit is one of the main factors influencing platelet adherence to the vessel wall. Raising the hematocrit causes an increase of platelet accumulation of about an order of magnitude. Our studies concern the role of red cell size. We have studied this effect using an annular perfusion chamber, according to Baumgartner, with human umbilical arteries and a steady-flow system. Normal human red blood cells (MCV 95 cu mu) increased platelet adherence sevenfold, as the hematocrit increases from 0 to 0.6. Small erythrocytes from goats (MCV 25 cu mu) caused no increment in adherence in the same hematocrit range. Rabbit erythrocytes (MCV 70 cu mu) caused an intermediate increase in adherence. Red blood cells from newborns (MCV 110–130 cu mu) caused a larger increase in platelet adherence than normal red cells at hematocrit 0.4. These results were further confirmed with large red blood cells from two patients. Experiments with small red cells (MCV 70 cu mu) of patients with iron deficiency showed that platelet adherence was similar to normal red cells, provided the red cell diameter was normal. Small red blood cells of a patient with sideroblastic anemia caused decreased adherence. These data indicate that red cell size is of major importance for platelet adherence. Red cell diameter is more important than average volume. However, for size differences in the human range, the hematocrit remains the dominant parameter.

Passive permeability of human red blood cells to calcium

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. C26-C31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. McNamara ◽  
J. S. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Passive Permeability ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Difference

Ca2+ influx was measured into human erythrocytes in which efflux was blocked by either introduction of an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, introduction of the Ca2+ chelator followed by ATP depletion, or depletion of the Ca2+ pump cofactors ATP and Mg2+. The Ca2+ influx under all three conditions was 14-20 mumol . 1 cells-1 . h-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the influx previously reported for cells depleted of either ATP or Mg2+ separately. The difference between the two values was explained by the finding of substantial Ca2+ efflux from the Ca2+-loaded ATP-depleted cells, whereas this efflux was insignificant from cells loaded with quin 2 and then ATP depleted. Under these latter conditions Ca2+ influx estimates the unidirectional permeability to this cation. Studies using this technique showed that Ca2+ influx was the same in media of isotonic sodium, potassium, lithium, choline, or magnesium chlorides. Moreover the dependence of Ca2+ influx on external Ca2+ concentration was well described by the sum of saturable and nonsaturable (linear) components.

THE ENTEROBACTERIAL HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST AND ITS DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIALITIES

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Neter ◽  
E. A. Gorzynski ◽  
R. M. Gino ◽  
O. Westphal ◽  
O. Lüderitz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Bacterial Agglutination

Crude Salmonella antigens obtained from heated cultures are readily adsorbed on human red blood cells; the latter are specifically agglutinated by homologous bacterial antibodies, This Salmonella hemagglutination test is shown to be a sensitive tool for the detection of antibodies developed during salmonellosis and is distinctly superior to the conventional bacterial agglutination test. Patients with Salmonella infection may develop homologous hemagglutinins in high titer and a variety of heterologous enteric antibodies in low titer. These antibodies can be differentiated by absorption with modified red blood cells. Three different purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides as well as the corresponding crude antigens can be simultaneously adsorbed on red blood cells. A suspension of red blood cells modified with several Salmonella and Shigella antigens is shown to be suitable as a polyvalent antigen for the detection of enterobacterial antibodies. The possible clinical usefulness of the monovalent and polyvalent enterobacterial hemagglutination tests is discussed.

The Influence Of Red Cell Size On Platelet-Vessel Wall Interaction

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A M M Aarts ◽  
J J Sixma ◽  
K S Sakariassen ◽  
P A Bolhuis ◽  
R M Heethaar
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Adherence ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The hematocrit is one of the main factors influencing platelet adherence to the vessel wall. Raising the hematocrit causes an increase on platelet accumulation of about one order of magnitude.These studies disregard the influence of the red cell size. We have studied this effect using an annular perfusion chamber according to Baumgartner, with human umbilical arteries and a steady flow system. Perfusions were performed with reconstituted blood consisting of the appropriate washed red cells, aspirin treated and 51Cr labelled human platelets and human plasma. Perfusions were at a calculated vessel wall shear rate of 800 sec-1 for 5 min at 37°C. Platelet adherence was measured by 51Cr counting and controlled by morphometry. Human, goat and rabbit red blood cells were utilized. Human red blood cells (mean cell volume 100 f1) increase platelet adherence sevenfold, as the hematocrit increases from 0 to 60%. Human erythrocyte ghosts had a similar effect. Goat erythrocytes (m.c.v. 25 f1) caused no increment in adherence in the same hematocrit range. Rabbit erythrocytes (m.c.v. 70 f1) caused an intermediate increase in adherence.These data indicate that the red cell size is of major importance for platelet adherence. They may be explained by postulating that red cell rotation is responsible for diffusivity.

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