Experimental study of the buckling strength of compression members connected to coplanar tension members

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Picard ◽  
Denis Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transverse Stiffness ◽  
Effective Length Factor ◽  
Tension Member ◽  
Compression Members ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tension Members

In structural systems using cross braces, the compression members are restrained against out-of-plane buckling by the tension members. It was shown in a theoretical study that the transverse stiffness provided by a tension member depends on the tension force in the member and on the flexural stiffness against out-of-plane deformation of the tension member. Equations were derived to determine the effective length factor of the compression member, taking into account the transverse stiffness of the tension member.This paper presents the results of a small-scale experimental study, which shows that the proposed equations slightly underestimate the transverse stiffness and overestimate the effective length factor. These equations are therefore conservative, but they indicate that an effective length factor much smaller than 1.0 can be used. Key words: stability, elastic buckling, elastic supports, cross braces.

Theoretical study of the buckling strength of compression members connected to coplanar tension members

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Picard ◽  
Denis Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Transverse Stiffness ◽  
Effective Length Factor ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Tension Member ◽  
Compression Members ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tension Members ◽  
Compression Member

In structural systems like diagonal cross-bracings, the out-of-plane deformation of the compression members is restrained by the tension members. The purpose of the theoretical study presented in this paper is to determine the transverse stiffness provided by the tension members and to evaluate the effect of this stiffness on the out-of-plane buckling of the compression members. Two practical cases are considered. The compression member is restrained against out-of-plane buckling by one tension member connected at midpoint or by two tension members connected at third points.The theoretical study shows that the transverse stiffness provided by the tension members does not have to be very large to obtain a significant decrease in the effective length factor. It is also shown that the transverse stiffness depends on the ratio of the axial compression force to the axial tension force and that the effective length factor increases with this ratio. However, even for large values of this ratio, the effective length factor is much smaller than 1.0. For instance, when the axial tension force is 0 and the ratio of the out-of-plane moment of inertia of the tension member to that of the compression member is 1.0, the effective length factor is approximately equal to 0.71 instead of 1.0 for both practical cases studied. Key words: stability, elastic buckling, elastic supports.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Behavior of Tension Member Under Rupture

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Steel Members ◽  
Tension Member ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tension Members

Abstract. A steel structure is naturally lighter than a comparable concrete construction because of the higher strength and firmness of steel. Nowadays, the growth of steel structures in India is enormous. There are so many advantages in adopting the steel as structural members. Almost all high-rise buildings, warehouses & go-downs are steel structures and even some of the commercial buildings are made of steel. Tension members are the elements that are subjected to direct axial load which tends in the elongation of the structural members. Even today bolted connections play a major role in the connection of hot rolled structural steel members. In this experimental study the behavior of tension members (TM) such as plates, angles & channels have been studied under axial tensile force. There is strong relation between pitch and gauge (with in the specified limit as per IS 800:2007) in determining the rupture failure plane. In this study we intensively tested the behaviour of TM for different fasteners pattern by changing the pitch, gauge, end & edge distance and by adopting the different patterns or arrangements of bolted connection in it.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of Single-Layer Two-Way Grid Cylindrical Latticed Shell with Out-of-Plane Tension Members

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhonghao ◽  
Ma Huihuan ◽  
Fujimoto Masumi ◽  
Fu Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Initial Imperfections ◽  
Tension Member ◽  
Grid Shell ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
New Type ◽  
Tension Members

Single layer two-way grid shell with in-plane and out-of-plane tension members is a new type of single-layer latticed shell roof. This study treats the effects of tension member installation on the buckling load and strength of a single layer two-way grid cylindrical shell roof by the numerical method. The tension members are installed to stiffen the rigidity of a single layer two-way grid shell roof and improve its stability behavior. Tension member installation and placement pattern is focused as both diagonal members of two-way grids and out-of-plane stiffened members in a cylindrical surface. The diagonal member and the out-of-plane member are used to increase the in-plane and the out-of-plane rigidity of a single layer two-way grid shell, respectively. The tension member placement pattern, the load distribution patterns, the initial imperfections and the initial axial force are considered for the numerical calculation parameters. It is confirmed by the numerical analysis that the tension members in out-of-plane and diagonals caused the increase in the buckling and strength of two-way grid shell.

Influence of the assumed effective length factor on the load carrying capacity of steel angles in compression

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1177
Author(s):  
Murray C. Temple ◽  
Davide M. Petretta ◽  
Catherine Morand
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Effective Length Factor ◽  
Compression Members ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Steel Angles ◽  
Compressive Resistance

Single angle compression members are usually attached by one leg only. In Canada it is common practice when designing such members to neglect the end eccentricities, to assume the angle buckles about the minor principal axis, and to assume an effective length factor of 1.0. Clause 13.3.1 of S16.1 is then used to calculate the compressive resistance. An experimental program was undertaken to determine the effect that the assumed effective length factor has on the compressive resistance of such angles. Eighteen specimens were tested in which the angles were slender or of intermediate length. The effective length factor was assumed to be 1.0, 0.9, or 0.5. It was determined that when there is substantial restraint at the ends of the angles the assumed effective length factor has a very significant effect on the compressive resistance of an angle attached by one leg. Key words: angles, axis of bending, buckling, design procedure, effective length factor.

Analyzing Effective Length Factor of OBS Members

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Arash Naderi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Buckling Load ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Great Tendency ◽  
Effective Length Factor ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Bracing System

Using OBS (Off-center Bracing System) is one of the methods to make buildings resistant to the lateral Loads. This kind of brace has a great tendency to out of plane buckling. So, due to the lack of formal regulations, analyzing out of plane effective length of its members is important. In this paper, buckling load of 15 one-story frames is obtained and then out of plane effective length factor of the longer member is calculated. Finally, as buckling of one of the members causes the system to lose its stability, the mentioned effective length factor is introduced as out of plane effective length factor for all OBS members.

scholarly journals Characterization and ballistic performance of thin pre-damaged resin-starved aramid-fiber composite panels

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110134
Author(s):  
Cerise A Edwards ◽  
Stephen L Ogin ◽  
David A Jesson ◽  
Matthew Oldfield ◽  
Rebecca L Livesey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Ballistic Impact ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Composite Panel ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Out Of Plane

Military personnel use protective armor systems that are frequently exposed to low-level damage, such as non-ballistic impact, wear-and-tear from everyday use, and damage during storage of equipment. The extent to which such low-level pre-damage could affect the performance of an armor system is unknown. In this work, low-level pre-damage has been introduced into a Kevlar/phenolic resin-starved composite panel using tensile loading. The tensile stress–strain behavior of this eight-layer material has been investigated and has been found to have two distinct regions; these have been understood in terms of the microstructure and damage within the composite panels investigated using micro-computed tomography and digital image correlation. Ballistic testing carried out on pristine (control) and pre-damaged panels did not indicate any difference in the V50 ballistic performance. However, an indication of a difference in response to ballistic impact was observed; the area of maximal local out-of-plane deformation for the pre-damaged panels was found to be twice that of the control panels, and the global out-of-plane deformation across the panel was also larger.

scholarly journals In-Process Measurement of Three-Dimensional Deformations Based on Speckle Photography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4981
Author(s):  
Andreas Tausendfreund ◽  
Dirk Stöbener ◽  
Andreas Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Speckle Photography ◽  
Process Measurement ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Deformations

In the concept of the process signature, the relationship between a material load and the modification remaining in the workpiece is used to better understand and optimize manufacturing processes. The basic prerequisite for this is to be able to measure the loads occurring during the machining process in the form of mechanical deformations. Speckle photography is suitable for this in-process measurement task and is already used in a variety of ways for in-plane deformation measurements. The shortcoming of this fast and robust measurement technique based on image correlation techniques is that out-of-plane deformations in the direction of the measurement system cannot be detected and increases the measurement error of in-plane deformations. In this paper, we investigate a method that infers local out-of-plane motions of the workpiece surface from the decorrelation of speckle patterns and is thus able to reconstruct three-dimensional deformation fields. The implementation of the evaluation method enables a fast reconstruction of 3D deformation fields, so that the in-process capability remains given. First measurements in a deep rolling process show that dynamic deformations underneath the die can be captured and demonstrate the suitability of the speckle method for manufacturing process analysis.

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