A comparison of design loads for highway bridges

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Buckland ◽  
R. G. Sexsmith
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Line Shapes ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Influence Line ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
American Society

Load effects for four bridge design live load models are compared over a broad span range for three simple influence line shapes. The models are American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) HS20, Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code (OHBDC), Canadian National Standard CAN3-S6-M78 MS250, and one from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Comparisons are made on a number of grounds including maximum effect, simplicity, and accuracy. The span range 30–300 m is considered.

Some observations on BWIM data collected in Manitoba

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
B. Algohi ◽  
B. Bakht ◽  
H. Khalid ◽  
A. Mufti ◽  
J. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Three highway bridges in the Canadian province of Manitoba are being monitored continuously not only for their long-term performance but also for bridge weighing-in-motion (BWIM). Data collected for the BWIM study has led to some observations that have far-reaching consequences about the design and evaluation loads for highway bridges. This paper presents the well-known concept of equivalent base length, Bm, as a useful tool for comparing trucks with different axle weight and spacing configurations as they influence load effects in all bridges. It is discussed that the statistics of gross vehicle weights (GVWs), W, collected over a one-month period is not significantly different from that for the GVW data collected over a longer period. A rational method concludes that the value of W for the CL-W Truck, the design live load specified by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, is 555 kN for Manitoba. The observed truck data in Manitoba presented on the W–Bm space is found to be similar to that collected in the Canadian province of Ontario more than four decades ago. It was also found that the multi-presence factors, accounting for the presence of side-by-side trucks in two-lane bridges, specified in North American bridge design and evaluation codes are somewhat conservative.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Adequacy of Bridge Design Loads in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
I Shahid ◽  
A. K. Noman ◽  
S. H. Farooq ◽  
Ali Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Index ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Design Case

Weight, configuration, and volume of traffic vary from country to country. But, in developing countries like Pakistan, bridges are designed based on codes of developed countries. Hence, these bridges may not have desired safety level. In this study, safety levels of three sample bridges has been investigated in terms of structural reliability index.  Live load effects (shear and moments) in girders were determined using weigh-in-motion data (WIM) and were extrapolated to 75 years using non-parametric fit. Two live load models and two strengths, required by 1967 Pakistan Code of Practice for Highway Bridges (PHB Design-Case) and that required by the 2012 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (AASHTO Design-Case) were used in reliability analysis. It is found that actual trucks produce moment and shear in girders 11 to 45 percent higher than live load models of PHB and AASHTO design cases. Values of structural reliability indices vary from 1.25 to 2.50 and from 2.45 to 3.15 for PHB and AASHTO design cases, respectively, and are less than the target reliability index value of 3.50 used in the design codes as benchmark.  It is revealed after the research that bridges in Pakistan may not have desired safety level, and current live load models may not be the true representation of service-level truck traffic.

scholarly journals KAJIAN MANFAAT KEANGGOTAAN ORGANISASI STANDAR MANCANEGARA BERDASARKAN PERTIMBANGAN EKONOMI

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Eddy Herjanto ◽  
Bendjamin B. Louhenapessy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Society ◽  
American National Standard Institute ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
The State ◽  
National Standard ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
British Standard Institute ◽  
Standard Organization ◽  
American Society

<p>Economic study of the membership in standard organizations of foreign countries have to be viewed from the benefit received by the pertinent state or institute compared to the obligation which must be fulfilled. Similarly, in chosing the standard organization of foreign countries to join, the benefit and service received from becoming organizational member of the foreign countries is a very significant factor. But, beside the benefit, the sector area of the foreign countries standard organization related to the circumstance from institute or state to join needs to be considered. It is needed to consider whether the sector have important position in the state economies especially from its exporting ability. Standard of foreign countries which focussed at certain sector or only give benefit and service of certain sector might not be effective enough to a company or state to participate if the state and the company does not cover the same sector.<br />This study used descriptive method with a view to make description, systematic formulation, factual and accurate with evidence obtained, by studying the nature of and also relation among phenomenon under the study. Pursuant to result of the study from level of benefit and obligation in getting information and expense of a success membership, among 10 organization of standard of foreign countries in the priority and strategic for Indonesia to join, started from highest to lowest priority is: British Standard Institute (BSI), Japan Industrial Standard (JIS), American Oil Chemical Society (AOCS), Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC-International), American National Standard Institute (ANSI), American Petroleum Institute (FIRE), Deutchland Institute for Normung (DIN), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Australian Standard (AS), and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).</p>

Highway traffic loading - AS5100 and NZTA Bridge Manual compared to international codes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Rhodes ◽  
Philip Icke ◽  
Paul Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Load Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Critical Traffic

<p>Highway bridge design and assessment (rating) requires the application of notional traffic load models, with the most onerous load patterns being determined using influence surfaces. Software speeds the process of obtaining critical traffic load effects. This paper compares the requirements of – and load effects arising from – AS5100, the NZ Transport Agency Bridge Manual and other international Codes including those used in the US, UK, Canada, China, and the Eurocode.</p>

Traffic loading – AASHTO, State Implementations and International Codes of Practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Rhodes ◽  
Bryan Donoghue ◽  
Philip Icke
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Critical Traffic ◽  
Aashto Lrfd

<p>Highway bridge design and rating requires the application of notional traffic load models, with the most onerous load patterns being determined using influence surfaces. Software speeds the process of obtaining critical traffic load patterns and effects. This paper compares the requirements of – and load effects arising from – AASHTO LRFD, various State Bridge Design Manual implementations, also touching on selected international Codes from Europe, Australia, Canada and China.</p>

Jones, R.A. and Peiris, R.S.A., "Load Distribution Analysis Of A Continuous Two-Span Multi-Beam Bridge Deck", ARRB (Australia Road Research Board) Proceedings, Vol. II, Part 2,1982. 16. "Distribution Of Wheel Loads On Highway Bridges", NCHRP Project 20-5, Topic 14-22, February, 1984 17. Hays, C.O. and Hackey, J.E., "Lateral Distribution Of Wheel Loads On Highway Bridges using The Finite Element Method", Structures And Materials Research Report No. 84-3, University of Florida, Department of Civil Engineering, December, 1984. 18. Newmark, N.M., Seiss, C.P. and Penman, R.R., "Studies of Slab And Beam Highway Bridges - Part I Tests Of Simple Span Right I-Beam Bridges", University of Illinois, Bulletin, March, 1946. 19 Burdette, E.G. and Goodpasture, D.W., "Full-Scale Bridge Testing - An Evaluation of Bridge Design Criteria", Final Report. The University of Tennessee, Department of Civil Engineering, Dec. 1971. 20. King, J.P.C. and Csagoly, P.F., "Field Testing of Aguasabon River Bridge in Ontario", Transportation Research Record 579, 1976. 21. Dorton, R.A., Holowka, M., and King, J.P.C., "The Conestogo River Bridge - Design and Testing", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vo). Heins, C.P., "Highway Bridge Field Tests In The United States, 1948-70', pulbic Roads, 1972. 25. Gangarao, H.V.S., "Survey Of Field And Laboratory Tests On Bridge Systems", Transportation Research Record 645, 1977.

1987 ◽  
pp. 54-54
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Bridge Testing ◽  
Transportation Research Record ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Transportation Research

Modeling maximum live load effects on highway bridges

2008 ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Sivakumar ◽  
Fred Moses ◽  
Michel Ghosn
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Load Effects

Innovative Suspended Superstructure for the Retrofitting of a Steel Truss Railway Bridge

2018 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 1121-1128
Author(s):  
Marco Mezzi ◽  
Gianluca Nestovito ◽  
Paolo Petrella ◽  
Vincenzo Cefaliello
Keyword(s):  
National Standard ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Fluvial Erosion ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Emilia Earthquake ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Railway System ◽  
2012 Emilia Earthquake ◽  
Suspended Bridge

The bridge in Poggio Renatico crossing the Reno river on the railway line between Bologna and Ferrara, consists of steel decks supported by masonry abutments and piers, while foundations and pier caps are made of reinforced concrete. After the 2012 Emilia Earthquake and accounting for the fluvial erosion below the piers foundations, a structural assessment of the bridge was carried out in accordance with to the current Italian rules. Although a sufficient structure capacity against the actual transit loads resulted, the bridge showed some inadequacies with respect to the load models provided by both the national standard for constructions and the guidelines of the Italian railway network company. The retrofitting project consists of an improvement of the structural capacity of all the elements: girders, piers and abutments. An innovative retrofitting solution provides for the strengthening of the existing decks through a suspension system of cables anchored to steel towers standing on both abutments and piers and creating a kind of suspended bridge. The retrofitting is compatible with the normal scheduled interruptions of the rail traffic thereby reducing the maintenance costs of the railway system. The structural solution represents a model easily replicable to solve analogous situations along the railway network.

Environmental Legislation in the United States and Some Impacts upon the Goal of National Environmental Improvement

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
W F Garber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
Individual Evaluation ◽  
American Society ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Single Medium ◽  
Total Environment

The Congress of the United States of America enacted legislation to control the environmental effects of the wastes generated by the various activities of American society upon the air, water and land resources of the nation. These laws involved the best thinking of the Congress and of the publics it consulted in their development; but not of other important publics including those involved in collecting, treating and disposing of waste materials. In additional the legislation appeared as a series of separaxe acts directed towards control of a single medium and were phrased and administered so that an overall review of the net impact upon all mediums (the total environment) was not readily possible. Furthermore the concept of a single national standard rather than individual evaluation of each waste problem was introduced as well as an adversary approach by the Federal government. The results do not appear to have substantially advanced the nation towards the goal of environmental improvement and may in fact have introduced substantial impediments. Examples of problems which have arisen because of this approach are given.

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