Demographics Characteristics and Analysis of Malocclusions of Orthodontic Patients Seen at IIUM Dental Specialist Clinic, Kuantan, Pahang

Introduction: Malocclusion is one of the most common dental problems observed. Limited data is currently available regarding the demographics of malocclusion observed locally. Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study where 770 patients were recruited from May 2009 till December 2014. 560 orthodontic study models that met the inclusion criteria were examined and the malocclusions were classified according to the British Standard Institute (BSI) incisor classification. Demographic pattern and their relationship were analysed by structural equation modelling using SPSS (version 23.0). Results: From 560 study models analysed, 72% were female. The age of the patients ranges from 7-12 years old (17.1%), 13-17 years old (55.9%) and >18 years old (27.0%). Majority of the patients were Malay followed by Chinese (5.7%), Indian (1.8%) and other races (1.8%) Treatments received were fixed appliances (FA) (60.0%), removable appliances (RA) (12.5%), functional appliances (FnA) (1.1%), combination of RA and FA (16.1%), combination of FnA and FA (2.1%) and consultation (8.2%). Types of malocclusions observed were Class I (25.7%), Class II/1(32.7%), Class II/2 (7.5%) and Class III (34.1%). There was significant association (p<0.05) between age and gender towards the types of malocclusions and treatments received were observed. Conclusion: Age and gender play significant role in determining the types of treatment received by patients with malocclusion. Data obtained will be beneficial for departmental future management and clinical planning.

The Adopting Together Service: how innovative collaboration is meeting the needs of children in Wales waiting the longest to find a family

Significant concerns remain in many countries about the high numbers of children needing an adoptive placement relative to the low numbers of prospective adopters, the high level of long-term therapeutic support needs for many adopted children and their families, and whether there are appropriate services to meet them. There has been an increase in ‘priority’ children waiting over 12 months to find a family. These are often children aged four years and over, in care with siblings, with additional needs or developmental uncertainties and from minority ethnic backgrounds. The financial and emotional costs of long-term fostering when plans are changed are huge. This article describes a major development in child care practice in Wales that has occurred over the past two years. The Adopting Together Service (ATS) involves a unique, innovative and multi-layered collaboration between the voluntary adoption agencies (VAAs – non-governmental charities) and regional adoption teams (statutory agencies) to secure permanence for children who wait the longest to find families. It explains how the ATS has been developed and embedded, including an account of the referral process, the approach to recruitment, linking and matching, and therapeutic activity before, during and after placement. It also describes the process of securing sustainable social procurement under the guidance of the British Standard for Collaborative Working (ISO 44001; British Standard Institute, 2017), the creation of a Joint Relationship Management Plan between VAAs, and the implementation of service level agreements between the voluntary and statutory sectors. These developments are considered in the context of the Welsh Government’s implementation of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015, which lays out collaborative expectations to the statutory sector as one of its sustainable development principles. The article concludes with an initial evaluation of progress, noting challenges to the service and the views of the social workers, foster carers and adoptive parents involved.

Potencial tóxico dos alginatos

O alginato é um material de moldagem de uso comum na prática odontológica por ser barato, de fácil manipulação, boa capacidade de reprodução de detalhes e confortável para o paciente. Porém, alguns elementos potencialmente tóxicos como o Chumbo, podem fazer parte da sua composição constituindo fatores de risco ao paciente e/ou profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qualitativa e quantativamente a presença desses elementos em alguns pós de alginato disponíveis no mercado e utilizados na Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS. A análise foi realizada com o auxílio da Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica e os resultados mostraram que apenas duas marcas comerciais apresentam Chumbo, porém com valores inferiores a 0,004mg/g, sendo que o máximo permitido pelo B.S.I (British Standard Institute) é de 25 mg/g ou 250ppm. Quanto aos demais elementos, nenhum apareceu em níveis que excedessem os padrões de segurança biológica.

PENGARUH ASPEK TEKNIS-OPERASIONAL PADA JEJAK KARBON KAPAL PERIKANAN HUHATE INDONESIA

Meningkatnya permintaan pasar dunia terhadap komoditas tuna cakalang tongkol (TCT) mendorong semakin intensifnya penggunaan alat tangkap huhate di perairan timur Indonesia. Sementara proses sertifikasi Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) sedang berlangsung, trade barrier terkait jejak karbon produk perikanan yang dikenal ramah lingkungan dan memiliki dampak sosial ekonomi yang tinggi ini akan menjadi salah satu faktor yang akan diperhatikan pasar. Dewasa ini data jejak karbon perikanan belum tersedia. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengestimasi jejak karbon kegiatan penangkapan (cradle to gate) armada huhate di Sorong, Bitung, Kendari, Ambon dan Larantuka. Penelitian yang mengacu pada British Standard Institute PAS 2050-2:2012, dilaksanakan pada Juni-Desember 2015. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara nakhoda dan kepala kamar mesin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa armada huhate di Larantuka memiliki jejak karbon terendah (0,59 ton CO2eq/ton ikan). Sedangkan armada huhate di Sorong, Bitung dan Kendari menghasilkan jejak karbon yang berkisar antara 0,61-1,14 ton CO2eq/ton ikan. Secara umum jejak karbon armada tersebut lebih dipengaruhi oleh aspek operasional dari pada aspek teknis kapal. Pembandingan hasil studi jejak karbon sangat perlu dengan memperhatikan kesetaraan batasan sistem produksi (system boundary) yang digunakan. The increase of world market demand for tuna, skipjack, and kawa-kawa commodities has been escalating the use of pole and line vessels in eastern Indonesian waters. Meanwhile the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification process is ongoing, trade barriers related to carbon footprint of the fisheries that are known to be environmentally friendly and have a high socio-economic impact are massively raised. Nowadays,carbon footprint data of this fishery are not available yet. Therefore research was intended on June-December 2015 to estimate carbon footprint of this fishery, located in main TCT fishing ports such as Sorong, Bitung, Kendari, Ambon, and Larantuka. The research conducted is based on the British Standard Institute PAS 2050-2: 2012. Data were obtained through in-depth interviewing the captains and engine officers. The results show that pole and line fleet based in Larantuka had the lowest carbon footprint of 0.59 tons CO2eq/ton, while the other fleets have produced carbon footprint ranging from 0.61 to 1.14 tons of CO2eq/ton. In general, carbon footprint of this fleet is more likely influenced by the operational aspects rather than the technical ones. Comparisons of the results of carbon footprint studies should be carefully considered the system boundary used by existing fisheries.

Fracture Reliability of Jack-Up Platforms Under Extreme Environmental Loads

The jack-up rig is a movable offshore platform, which is basically being designed to work at any location, worldwide for given maximum water depths and sea states, combined with different sea bed conditions. Moreover the platform is often transported with the legs in fully raised position, from one offshore location to another, resulting in completely different loads on the structure. The combination of extreme environmental loads with a small crack in structural joints due to fabrication process or fatigue degradation may cause unstable crack extension and fracture failure. To calculate the failure probability through the fracture failure mode, two methods based on the failure assessment diagram of level 2 recommended by the British Standard Institute (BS7910[1]) and formulation recommended by Dijkstra et al. [2] are presented and investigated. The results of BS7910 gives the lower reliability index than the Dijkstra formulation for several secondary to yield stress ratios and service times but the maximum difference between them is restricted to 17% in the case of secondary stress to yield stress ratio equal one.

Consideration on the Toughness Requirement to the Austenitic Weld Metal in the LNG Storage Tanks Subjected to a Partial Height Hydro Test

PD7777 published by British Standard Institute in 2000 proposes an additional fracture requirement to the main steel components of the low temperatures storage tank where a partial height hydrostatic test is allowed instead of the full height hydrostatic test required in BS 7777. In the PD7777 a high level (75J) of fracture toughness is required for the austenitic weld metal in 9%Ni steel plate to prevent the re-initiation of ductile fracture from the arrested brittle crack in the weld. This is to report a study that the J-Cv correlation of austenitic weld metal is determined by the experimental data obtained from the actual weld joints in 9%Ni steel plate in order to assess a rational toughness requirement to the austenitic weld metal employed in the 9% Ni made LNG storage tanks. From this study it is concluded that fracture toughness of 75J is too conservative and 50J is adequate. Further some FEM analyses were performed to verify the validity of the weld surrounded by the large amount of heterogeneous base metal in the yield strength distribution.

KAJIAN MANFAAT KEANGGOTAAN ORGANISASI STANDAR MANCANEGARA BERDASARKAN PERTIMBANGAN EKONOMI

<p>Economic study of the membership in standard organizations of foreign countries have to be viewed from the benefit received by the pertinent state or institute compared to the obligation which must be fulfilled. Similarly, in chosing the standard organization of foreign countries to join, the benefit and service received from becoming organizational member of the foreign countries is a very significant factor. But, beside the benefit, the sector area of the foreign countries standard organization related to the circumstance from institute or state to join needs to be considered. It is needed to consider whether the sector have important position in the state economies especially from its exporting ability. Standard of foreign countries which focussed at certain sector or only give benefit and service of certain sector might not be effective enough to a company or state to participate if the state and the company does not cover the same sector.<br />This study used descriptive method with a view to make description, systematic formulation, factual and accurate with evidence obtained, by studying the nature of and also relation among phenomenon under the study. Pursuant to result of the study from level of benefit and obligation in getting information and expense of a success membership, among 10 organization of standard of foreign countries in the priority and strategic for Indonesia to join, started from highest to lowest priority is: British Standard Institute (BSI), Japan Industrial Standard (JIS), American Oil Chemical Society (AOCS), Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC-International), American National Standard Institute (ANSI), American Petroleum Institute (FIRE), Deutchland Institute for Normung (DIN), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Australian Standard (AS), and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).</p>