Uncertainty in 2-D hydraulic modeling: a case study of an experiment in transcritical flowThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Hydrotechnical Engineering.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lewicki ◽  
A. Paquier ◽  
K. El kadi Abderrezzak ◽  
N. Rivière
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Space Step ◽  
Dam Break Flow ◽  
Flow Propagation ◽  
Averaged Model ◽  
Selection Of

Change in flow regime from subcritical to supercritical flow or opposite can be met during a dam break flow propagation but also during floods in urban areas, particularly near crossroads. Detailed laboratory measurements of flow discharge distribution and flow depths are carried out for transcritical dividing flows in a 90° sharp-edged, rectangular junction formed by horizontal open-channels of equal width. These measurements are used to assess the uncertainty of numerical predictions obtained using a two-dimensional (2-D) depth-averaged model. A sensitivity analysis to four parameters, i.e., space step, friction coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and downstream boundary condition, is carried out. For the water depths in the vicinity of the intersection, uncertainty linked to the calibration of the four aforementioned parameters can be higher than 50% because of the difficulty in representing the location and amplitude of the hydraulic jumps while, for the flow ratio between the downstream branches, uncertainty is limited to 10%.

An applied framework for uncertainty treatment and key challenges in hydrological and hydraulic modelingThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Hydrotechnical Engineering

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Rocquigny
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Uncertainty Propagation ◽  
Uncertainty Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Inverse Approach ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Risk Criterion ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Within the larger domain of risk or environmental assessment, uncertainty treatment is gaining growing interest in the fields of hydrological and hydraulic modeling. A generic approach to quantitative uncertainty is suggested, putting together the applicable decision-making framework and associated probabilistic formulations involving uncertainty modeling (possibly through an inverse approach), uncertainty propagation, and the ranking of importance or sensitivity analysis. Accordingly, a number of generic statistical, physical, and numerical methods could be more largely disseminated in the water domain. Two axes of particular potential interest are outlined: the tricky choice of differentiating according to the epistemological nature of the uncertainty, with considerable impact on the formulation of the risk criterion and the associated level of complexity; the challenges posed by uncertainty modeling in the context of data scarcity, and the corresponding calibration and inverse probabilistic techniques, bound to be developed to best value hydro-monitoring and data acquisition systems under uncertainty.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of low impact development approaches on urban flooding: a case study from Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Movahedinia ◽  
Jamal Mohammad Vali Samani ◽  
Fakhreddin Barakhasi ◽  
Saleh Taghvaeian ◽  
Raffi Stepanian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model

Abstract Low impact development (LID) methods have been shown to be efficient in reducing the peak flow and total volume of urban stormwater, which is a top priority for effective urban stormwater management in many municipalities. However, decision-makers need information on the effects of LIDs and their associated costs before allocating limited resources. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to investigate the effects of five different LID scenarios on urban flooding in a district in Tehran, Iran. The LID scenarios included rain barrel (RB) at two sizes, bio-retention cell (BRC), and combinations of the two structures. The results showed that significant node flooding and overflow volume would occur in the study area under the existing conditions, especially for rainfall events with longer return periods. BRC and combinations of BRC and RBs were the most effective options in reducing flooding, while the smaller-size RB was the cheapest alternative. However, normalized cost, obtained through dividing the total cost by the percent reduction in node flooding and/or overflow volume, was smallest for BRC. The results of this study demonstrate how hydraulic modeling can be combined with economic analysis to identify the most efficient and affordable LID practices for urban areas.

Solution of Two-Echelon Facility Location Problems by Approximation Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 2610 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Jahangiriesmaili ◽  
Sina Bahrami ◽  
Matthew J. Roorda
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Center Potential

The two-echelon delivery structure is a strategy that can be implemented in urban areas to lower delivery costs by reducing the movement of heavy goods vehicles. In a two-echelon delivery structure, large trucks deliver shipments from a consolidation center to several terminals, where packages are transferred to smaller trucks for last-mile deliveries. This paper formulates a model that solves the two-echelon delivery structure by the use of approximation techniques. Several potential terminal locations and demand areas were identified, and the optimal number and locations of the terminals were examined, as the model evaluated the most cost-effective routes between the consolidation center, potential terminals, and demand areas. Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was chosen as the case study area to assess the model, and a cost analysis of the number and locations of the terminals was performed. The experiments showed that the number and the locations of the terminals were greatly influenced by the opening cost of the terminals and the transportation cost of the delivery trucks. It was also discovered that the likelihood of selection of terminals that were positioned near both the consolidation center and the center of the service area was higher than the likelihood of selection of terminals at any other location.

Sustainable sewerage servicing options for peri-urban areas with failing septic systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
G. Tjandraatmadja ◽  
A. L. Grant ◽  
T. Grant ◽  
F. Pamminger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Septic Systems ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
Selection Of

The provision of water and wastewater services to peri-urban areas faces very different challenges to providing services to cities. Sustainable solutions for such areas are increasingly being sought, in order to solve the environmental and health risks posed by failing septic systems. These solutions should have the capability to reduce potable water demand, provide fit for purpose reuse options, and minimise impacts on the local and global environment. A methodology for the selection of sustainable sewerage servicing systems and technologies is presented in this paper. This paper describes the outcomes of applying this methodology to a case study in rural community near Melbourne, Australia, and describes the economic and environmental implications of various sewerage servicing options. Applying this methodology has found that it is possible to deliver environmental improvements at a lower community cost, by choosing servicing configurations not historically used by urban water utilities. The selected solution is currently being implemented, with the aim being to generate further transferable learnings for the water industry.

Topik-Topik Komunikasi Dakwah Dalam Mesej Akidah Kepada Masyarakat Orang Asli di Selangor

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Zulkefli Aini ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Don ◽  
Ahmad Irdha Mokhtar ◽  
Nur Uswah Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Beliefs And Practice ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
Selection Of

One of the factors that can affect a person's behavior is a communication message. In the context of the da`wah, preachers who involved actively in da`wah communication with the Orang Asli should be able to ensure that the message conveyed can be understood by the target group. In addition, the selection of the correct messages of da`wah based on the foremost priority simplify the process of sharing information between the preachers and the Orang Asli. Accordingly, this article aims to identify specific topics of Islamic faith (akidah) submitted by the Orang Asli in the process of da`wah communication and to identify verbal feedback given by the preachers to the Orang Asli of the topics. This qualitative study using case study design and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Interviews involving nine preachers were active in da`wah activity to the Orang Asli community in Selangor. Data were analyzed thematically according to the specified objectives. The study found that the topics frequently raised by the Orang Asli is concerned about belief in Allah, belief in Malaikat, and belief in Qada' and Qadar. The topics may be found within the framework of worldview in their beliefs and practice of ancient traditions. Therefore, the preachers gave verbal feedback on these topics is based on a clear and precise sample corresponding to the level of their thinking. The emphasis on these topics is very important to strengthen and purify the faith of the community.Keywords: Communication; Message; Preacher; Indigenous community Abstrak: Elemen mesej dalam komunikasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat memberi kesan terhadap perubahan tingkah laku seseorang. Dalam konteks dakwah, pendakwah yang terlibat dalam proses komunikasi dakwah dengan Orang Asli seharusnya berkebolehan memastikan kandungan mesej yang disampaikan boleh difahami oleh sasaran dakwahnya. Di samping itu, pemilihan mesej dakwah yang betul mengikut keutamaan memudahkan proses perkongsian maklumat antara pendakwah dengan Orang Asli. Sehubungan dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti topik-topik tertentu dalam mesej akidah yang dikemukakan oleh masyarakat Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dan mengenalpasti maklum balas lisan yang diberikan oleh pendakwah kepada Orang Asli terhadap topik tersebut. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes dengan pengumpulan data melalui temu bual separa struktur. Temu bual melibatkan sembilan orang pendakwah yang aktif dalam aktiviti dakwah masyarakat Orang Asli di Selangor. Data kajian dianalisis secara tematik mengikut objektif yang ditentukan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa topik-topik yang sering dikemukan oleh Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dalam penyampaian mesej akidah ialah berkenaan tentang keimanan kepada Allah SWT, keimanan kepada malaikat, dan keimanan kepada qada’ dan qadar. Topik-topik berkenaan didapati berada dalam kerangka worldview kepercayaan dan amalan tradisi mereka. Sehubungan dengan itu, pendakwah memberikan maklum balas lisan terhadap topik-topik tersebut adalah berdasarkan keterangan yang jelas dan contoh yang tepat bersesuaian dengan tahap pemikiran mereka. Penekanan terhadap topik-topik tersebut merupakan perkara yang penting dalam rangka mengukuhkan dan memurnikan akidah masyarakat Orang Asli.Kata kunci: Komunikasi; Mesej; Pendakwah; Komuniti Orang Asli

Introduction: Affixes and bases

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Stela Manova
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Affix Order ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Affix Ordering

This special issue includes a selection of papers presented at the 2nd Vienna Workshop on Affix Order held in Vienna, Austria on June 4–5, 2009. The workshop was in honor of Wolfgang U. Dressler on the occasion of his 70th birthday. However, this special issue differs from the classical Festschrift dedicated to a renowned scholar and is ‘more special’ in two respects at least: 1) not all authors are Dressler's friends and colleagues, some of them are only indirectly related to him, through his students; and 2) since the papers were presented at a topic-oriented workshop, they are thematically uniform. In other words, this special issue is a kind of scientific genealogy in terms of affix ordering. Thus, the title Affixes and bases should be understood in two ways: literally – affixes and bases as linguistic notions, and metaphorically – affixes and bases as linguists related directly and indirectly to a prominent base: Wolfgang U. Dressler.

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined. 

Factors Affecting Financial Literacy of Vietnamese Adults: A Case Study for Hanoi and Nghe An

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tue Nguyen Dang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Behaviors ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Literacy Level

This research examines the factors affecting the financial literacy of Vietnamese adults. Using a sample of 266 observations of adults in 2 big cities in Vietnam (Hanoi and Vinh in Nghe An Province), the author evaluates the literacy level of adults in these urban areas. The financial literacy of the interviewed people is low. The multiple regression results show that lower financial literacy levels associate with higher age and married status and higher financial literacy levels associate with higher education, more family members, the person making financial decisions and the person attending a useful financial course. This research also explores the association between financial literacy and financial behaviors of individuals employing logistic models. It is found that higher financial literacy associates with less probability of overspending and higher probability of saving money and careful spending. Higher financial literacy is also found to associate with higher probability of opening a savings account and making various investments. 

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