Sustainable sewerage servicing options for peri-urban areas with failing septic systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
G. Tjandraatmadja ◽  
A. L. Grant ◽  
T. Grant ◽  
F. Pamminger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Septic Systems ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Reuse Options ◽  
Selection Of

The provision of water and wastewater services to peri-urban areas faces very different challenges to providing services to cities. Sustainable solutions for such areas are increasingly being sought, in order to solve the environmental and health risks posed by failing septic systems. These solutions should have the capability to reduce potable water demand, provide fit for purpose reuse options, and minimise impacts on the local and global environment. A methodology for the selection of sustainable sewerage servicing systems and technologies is presented in this paper. This paper describes the outcomes of applying this methodology to a case study in rural community near Melbourne, Australia, and describes the economic and environmental implications of various sewerage servicing options. Applying this methodology has found that it is possible to deliver environmental improvements at a lower community cost, by choosing servicing configurations not historically used by urban water utilities. The selected solution is currently being implemented, with the aim being to generate further transferable learnings for the water industry.

Selecting Sanitation Solutions for Peri-urban Areas: A Case Study of Can Tho, Vietnam

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Carrard ◽  
Juliet Willetts ◽  
Cynthia Mitchell ◽  
Mick Paddon ◽  
Monique Retamal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asset Replacement ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Can Tho City ◽  
Sustainable Futures ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
Selection Of

In peri-urban areas where infrastructure investments have not yet been made, there is a need to determine the most context-appropriate, fit for purpose and sustainable sanitation solutions. Decision makers must identify the optimal system scale (on the spectrum from centralized to community to cluster scale) and assess the long-term costs and socio-economic/environmental impacts associated with different options. Addressing both cost-effectiveness and sustainability are essential to ensure that institutions and communities are able to continue to bear the costs and management burden of infrastructure operation, maintenance and asset replacement. This paper describes an approach to sanitation planning currently being undertaken as a research study in Can Tho City in southern Vietnam, by the Institute for Sustainable Futures and Can Tho University in collaboration with Can Tho Water Supply and Sewerage Company. The aim of the study is to facilitate selection of the most context-appropriate, fit for purpose, cost effective and sustainable sanitation infrastructure solution. As such, the study compares a range of sanitation alternatives including centralized, decentralized (at household or cluster scale) and resource recovery options. This paper provides an overview of the study and considers aspects of the Can Tho and Vietnamese regulatory, development and institutional context that present drivers and challenges for comparison of options and selection of fit for purpose sanitation systems.

scholarly journals Microfinance as Employment Generation Tool (Case Study of Pakistan 2001-02 to 2010-11)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 4506-4509
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleh Memon ◽  
Mohammad Asif Channa ◽  
Izhar Ali Manganhar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Economic Survey

The objective of this study is to know the contributions of Micro finance towards employment development through generating employment opportunities to the alit class of urban and rural community. For this purpose quantitative research techniques were used to collect the data. The data was collected through secondary sources from economic survey from 2011-12 and labor force survey 2010-2011 and from annual plans of Pakistan from 2001-02 to   2012-13. Mainly 8 to 10 micro finance banks and micro finance institutes and some NGOs are taken into study.  The results express the positive contributions of micro finance to the employment that leads to poverty reduction and improved living standard. In contrast micro finance through supporting the employment generates sustainable solutions of other economic problems like poverty, good education, better health etc. 

scholarly journals Impact Assessment and Management Challenges of Key Rural Human Health Infrastructure Under Sea Level Rise

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Mitchell ◽  
Robert E. Isdell ◽  
Julie Herman ◽  
Christine Tombleson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Septic Systems ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Economic Assets

Accelerating sea level rise in Virginia, United States, will significantly increase the flooding threat to low-lying roads, residences, and critical infrastructure as well as raise the water table, allowing saltwater intrusion into well water and threatening the function of septic fields. Although most of the adaptation work in Virginia has focused on urban economic centers, the majority of the coastline is rural and faces different threats and opportunities to address them compared to urban areas due to their reduced economic assets and their reliance on private infrastructure. In this case study, we assess the potential for geospatially quantifying impact to septic systems and adjacent water ways due to sea level rise. The case study found that the data necessary to reliably quantify these impacts on a state-wide scale are lacking and collection of that information needs to be prioritized given the potential for extensive sea level impacts.

Uncertainty in 2-D hydraulic modeling: a case study of an experiment in transcritical flowThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Hydrotechnical Engineering.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lewicki ◽  
A. Paquier ◽  
K. El kadi Abderrezzak ◽  
N. Rivière
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Space Step ◽  
Dam Break Flow ◽  
Flow Propagation ◽  
Averaged Model ◽  
Selection Of

Change in flow regime from subcritical to supercritical flow or opposite can be met during a dam break flow propagation but also during floods in urban areas, particularly near crossroads. Detailed laboratory measurements of flow discharge distribution and flow depths are carried out for transcritical dividing flows in a 90° sharp-edged, rectangular junction formed by horizontal open-channels of equal width. These measurements are used to assess the uncertainty of numerical predictions obtained using a two-dimensional (2-D) depth-averaged model. A sensitivity analysis to four parameters, i.e., space step, friction coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and downstream boundary condition, is carried out. For the water depths in the vicinity of the intersection, uncertainty linked to the calibration of the four aforementioned parameters can be higher than 50% because of the difficulty in representing the location and amplitude of the hydraulic jumps while, for the flow ratio between the downstream branches, uncertainty is limited to 10%.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Eco-Friendly, Sustainable Living with Urbanization: A Case-study of The Art of Living International Center near Bengaluru

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Divya Kanchibhotla ◽  
Nupur Rao ◽  
Prateek Harsora
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Arid Desert

In the past few decades, urban growth in most parts of the world has disregarded sustainable practices, contributing to a myriad of global problems. With 68% of the global population projected to reside in urban areas by 2050, it is essential that we espouse and implement effective sustainable solutions immediately. This study focuses upon the smart sustainable practices adopted at the international headquarters of The Art of Living near Bengaluru, the ‘Silicon Valley of India’. Situated in a rapidly urbanizing area barely 20 kms from the busy metropolis, and characterized by a large floating population that varies from 3,000-6000 visitors per week, apart from almost 2000 residents, this bustling community has lush green cover, extremely rich biodiversity and excellent air quality. Some of the sustainable practices adopted here include permaculture, efficient waste management, moving towards the use of clean energy, etc. This paper posits that this unique community exemplifies the possibility of creating an ‘oasis of sustainability’ in the arid desert of urbanization.

Solution of Two-Echelon Facility Location Problems by Approximation Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 2610 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Jahangiriesmaili ◽  
Sina Bahrami ◽  
Matthew J. Roorda
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Center Potential

The two-echelon delivery structure is a strategy that can be implemented in urban areas to lower delivery costs by reducing the movement of heavy goods vehicles. In a two-echelon delivery structure, large trucks deliver shipments from a consolidation center to several terminals, where packages are transferred to smaller trucks for last-mile deliveries. This paper formulates a model that solves the two-echelon delivery structure by the use of approximation techniques. Several potential terminal locations and demand areas were identified, and the optimal number and locations of the terminals were examined, as the model evaluated the most cost-effective routes between the consolidation center, potential terminals, and demand areas. Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was chosen as the case study area to assess the model, and a cost analysis of the number and locations of the terminals was performed. The experiments showed that the number and the locations of the terminals were greatly influenced by the opening cost of the terminals and the transportation cost of the delivery trucks. It was also discovered that the likelihood of selection of terminals that were positioned near both the consolidation center and the center of the service area was higher than the likelihood of selection of terminals at any other location.

scholarly journals The Environmental Implications of the Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Halim ◽  
Sumiya Majumder Rinta ◽  
Md. Al Amin ◽  
Azmira Khatun ◽  
Adnan Habib Robin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Reserve Forest

Purpose: The main focus is to find out the environmental challenges that Bangladesh is dealing for the huge influx of Rohingya refugee people to Bangladesh. The research also aims to assess the dynamic situation of the crisis, identify the roles of Bangladesh government, NGOs as well as the International Organisations’ for Rohingya refugee crisis. Methodology: This study is context-dependent on information and an inductive data analysis. The paper uses a descriptive qualitative approach case study design that focuses on primary and secondary data showing the real ground of crisis. Data has been collected from the interviewees and experts. This research sets multiple methods of data collection including documents, policy, and historical analysis. Findings: Environmental imbalance occurred due to allocating 1,000 acres forest land for providing shelters to the refugees. Reserve forest has been destroyed endangering wild elephants. And it is causing landslides in the area, soil erosion, water scarcity, extreme heat wave, extreme rainfall, drought, deforestation, air pollution, and so on. Conclusion: This research leads to identifying the areas which have already been affected. The plans that need to work on to overcome the problems and that could provide necessary and sustainable solutions for Rohingya refugee. This study also could let people know the catastrophe Bangladesh is dealing and the impacts which can cause the ecological imbalance and failure the biodiversity of the areas in a greater way. This paper could bring benefit to society and make people conscious about the environment and also make them raise voices for the conservation of environment.

scholarly journals What Factors Guide the Selection of Medicinal Plants in a Local Pharmacopoeia? A Case Study in a Rural Community from a Historically Transformed Atlantic Forest Landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taline Cristina da Silva ◽  
Josilene Marinho da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Alves Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Selection Of

The criteria that local people use for selecting medicinal plants have been a recurrent topic in pharmacology and ethnobotany. Two of the current hypotheses regarding this phenomenon, ecological apparency and diversification, attempt to explain the inclusion of “apparent” and “non-apparent” and native and exotic taxa, respectively, in local pharmacopoeia. This study addresses the following questions: Do “apparent” and “non-apparent” medicinal plants have the same importance in local pharmacopoeia? Do “non-apparent” plants occupy more local categories of diseases than “apparent” plants? Do native and exotic medicinal plants have the same importance? Do exotic and native plants occupy different local categories of diseases? This study was conducted with householders of a community from Northeastern Brazil. Out of the 66 plant species cited, most were herbs (39 species), followed by trees and shrubs (27). Herbaceous species also occupied more local categories of diseases (51) than tree and shrub species (28). Furthermore, most of the species cited by the informants were exotic (42). Out of the 94 therapeutic applications cited in this research, 65 were treated with exotic species and 29 with native species, distributed among 13 body systems. These results support both the hypotheses of ecological apparency and diversification.

Determinants and barriers of PV self-consumption in Spain from the perception of the installers for the promotion of distributed energy systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
José Ángel Gimeno ◽  
Eva Llera Sastresa ◽  
Sabina Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Transition Scenario

Currently, self-consumption and distributed energy facilities are considered as viable and sustainable solutions in the energy transition scenario within the European Union. In a low carbon society, the exploitation of renewables for self-consumption is closely tied to the energy market at the territorial level, in search of a compromise between competitiveness and the sustainable exploitation of resources. Investments in these facilities are highly sensitive to the existence of favourable conditions at the territorial level, and the energy policies adopted in the European Union have contributed positively to the distributed renewables development and the reduction of their costs in the last decade. However, the number of the installed facilities is uneven in the European Countries and those factors that are more determinant for the investments in self-consumption are still under investigation. In this scenario, this paper presents the main results obtained through the analysis of the determinants in self-consumption investments from a case study in Spain, where the penetration of this type of facilities is being less relevant than in other countries. As a novelty of this study, the main influential drivers and barriers in self-consumption are classified and analysed from the installers' perspective. On the basis of the information obtained from the installers involved in the installation of these facilities, incentives and barriers are analysed within the existing legal framework and the potential specific lines of the promotion for the effective deployment of self-consumption in an energy transition scenario.

Topik-Topik Komunikasi Dakwah Dalam Mesej Akidah Kepada Masyarakat Orang Asli di Selangor

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Zulkefli Aini ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Don ◽  
Ahmad Irdha Mokhtar ◽  
Nur Uswah Ahmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Beliefs And Practice ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
Selection Of

One of the factors that can affect a person's behavior is a communication message. In the context of the da`wah, preachers who involved actively in da`wah communication with the Orang Asli should be able to ensure that the message conveyed can be understood by the target group. In addition, the selection of the correct messages of da`wah based on the foremost priority simplify the process of sharing information between the preachers and the Orang Asli. Accordingly, this article aims to identify specific topics of Islamic faith (akidah) submitted by the Orang Asli in the process of da`wah communication and to identify verbal feedback given by the preachers to the Orang Asli of the topics. This qualitative study using case study design and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Interviews involving nine preachers were active in da`wah activity to the Orang Asli community in Selangor. Data were analyzed thematically according to the specified objectives. The study found that the topics frequently raised by the Orang Asli is concerned about belief in Allah, belief in Malaikat, and belief in Qada' and Qadar. The topics may be found within the framework of worldview in their beliefs and practice of ancient traditions. Therefore, the preachers gave verbal feedback on these topics is based on a clear and precise sample corresponding to the level of their thinking. The emphasis on these topics is very important to strengthen and purify the faith of the community.Keywords: Communication; Message; Preacher; Indigenous community Abstrak: Elemen mesej dalam komunikasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat memberi kesan terhadap perubahan tingkah laku seseorang. Dalam konteks dakwah, pendakwah yang terlibat dalam proses komunikasi dakwah dengan Orang Asli seharusnya berkebolehan memastikan kandungan mesej yang disampaikan boleh difahami oleh sasaran dakwahnya. Di samping itu, pemilihan mesej dakwah yang betul mengikut keutamaan memudahkan proses perkongsian maklumat antara pendakwah dengan Orang Asli. Sehubungan dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti topik-topik tertentu dalam mesej akidah yang dikemukakan oleh masyarakat Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dan mengenalpasti maklum balas lisan yang diberikan oleh pendakwah kepada Orang Asli terhadap topik tersebut. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes dengan pengumpulan data melalui temu bual separa struktur. Temu bual melibatkan sembilan orang pendakwah yang aktif dalam aktiviti dakwah masyarakat Orang Asli di Selangor. Data kajian dianalisis secara tematik mengikut objektif yang ditentukan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa topik-topik yang sering dikemukan oleh Orang Asli kepada pendakwah dalam penyampaian mesej akidah ialah berkenaan tentang keimanan kepada Allah SWT, keimanan kepada malaikat, dan keimanan kepada qada’ dan qadar. Topik-topik berkenaan didapati berada dalam kerangka worldview kepercayaan dan amalan tradisi mereka. Sehubungan dengan itu, pendakwah memberikan maklum balas lisan terhadap topik-topik tersebut adalah berdasarkan keterangan yang jelas dan contoh yang tepat bersesuaian dengan tahap pemikiran mereka. Penekanan terhadap topik-topik tersebut merupakan perkara yang penting dalam rangka mengukuhkan dan memurnikan akidah masyarakat Orang Asli.Kata kunci: Komunikasi; Mesej; Pendakwah; Komuniti Orang Asli

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