Dietary Reference Intakes for the macronutrients and energy: considerations for physical activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon A Zello
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The North ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are the North American reference standards for nutrients in the diets of healthy individuals. The macronutrient DRI report includes the standards for energy, fat and fatty acids, carbohydrate and fiber, and protein and amino acids. Equations used to identify the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) were also developed based on individual characteristics including levels of physical activity. The DRIs for the macronutrients are presented as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) or Adequate Intakes (AIs), as well as Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), and were arrived at by considering both nutrient inadequacies and excesses. In addition, recommendations are made that would reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as setting intake limits for added sugar; reducing cholesterol, saturated, and trans fatty acids consumption; and increasing levels of physical activity. As healthy individuals include those engaged in various levels of physical activity, the DRIs should apply to the athlete and address their macronutrient and energy needs. This paper summarizes the macronutrient DRI report as applied to the adult, with discussion of the dietary needs of those engaged in various levels of physical activity, including the athlete.Key words: nutrition, requirements, guidelines, performance, human.

scholarly journals Weight loss diets advertised in non-scientific publications

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Maria Silverio Amancio ◽  
Daniela Maria Alves Chaud
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution

Weight-loss diets advertised in mainstream non-scientific publications and targeting the adult female public were evaluated in relation to total energy value, macronutrients, calcium, iron, vitamins A and E, and cholesterol content, as well as the presence of information regarding the duration of diets, fluid intake, physical activity, and maintenance diets. Two publications were selected, considering periodicity, circulation, readership, and years in publication. The Virtual Nutri software was used to evaluate the nutrients of 112 diets. Micronutrient content was compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes. All diets were inadequate in at least one of the evaluated items. Less than 25.0% of the diets presented adequate macronutrient distribution. Calcium, iron, and vitamin E were also predominantly inadequate (85.7, 97.3, and 91.9%, respectively). Non-scientific publications should not be allowed to advertise weight-loss diets. In addition, their chemical composition is inadequate and they are not accompanied by important instructions for such therapy.

Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes in dietary assessment and planning

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I Barr
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution ◽  
Individual Requirement

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are used for assessing and planning diets of individuals and groups. Assessing individual intakes is complicated by the fact that neither the individual's usual nutrient intake nor their individual requirement is known. However, the degree of confidence that intakes are adequate or excessive can be estimated. Assessing diets of groups requires information on the group's usual nutrient intake distribution, which can be obtained by statistically adjusting 1 d intake distributions to remove within-person variability. For most nutrients with an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the group prevalence of inadequate intakes can be approximated by the percent whose usual intakes are less than the EAR. However, the prevalence of inadequacy cannot be determined for nutrients with an Adequate Intake (AI). The goals of planning are a low risk (for individuals) or low prevalence (for groups) of inadequate or excessive nutrient intakes. For individuals, these goals are met by planning intakes that meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or AI, are below the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), and fall within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). For groups, planning involves estimating a "target" usual intake distribution with an acceptably low prevalence less than the EAR and greater than the UL, planning menus to achieve the target distribution, and assessing the results.Key words: nutrition assessment, dietary planning, nutrient adequacy.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN GIZI, AKTIVITAS FISIK, DAN TINGKAT KECUKUPAN GIZI AKTIVIS BADAN EKSEKUTIF MAHASISWA (BEM) IPB

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Susi Nurohmi ◽  
Leily Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data

<p>The study was aimed to analyze nutrition knowledge, physical activity, and nutrient adequacy level among Excutive Board Students of Bogor Agriculture University (BEM-IPB). The study was conducted since February until May 2012 in Campus of IPB Dramaga, Bogor. The subjects were 86 students, selected purposively from every areas of BEM faculties. The data consisted of individual characteristics, nutrition knowledge, physical activity, and daily food consumption. Data of food consumption was collected by 2x24 recall method at weekend and class day. In average, nutritional status of subjects was categorized as normal (BMI 21.7±2.9 kg/m2). Subjects nutrition knowledge mostly was moderate (79.1%). Physical activity of subjects in general was light (PAL=1.64). This implied to amount of estimated energy requirement which is lower than amount of recommended energy intake for Indonesian people, i.e 2,349 kcal vs 2,550 kcal (for men) and 1,851 kcal vs 1,900 kcal (for women). In general, the means of nutrients adequacy level were adequate, energy and protein (90—110%RDA), and micronutrients of vitamin A, vitamin B, and iron (&gt;77%RDA). However, adequacy level of vitamin C and calsium was still deficient (&lt;77%RDA). Based on %RDA category, there was a different trend in subject distribution between macro dan micronutrients. %RDA of energy and protein were mostly categorized as adequate (40.0% and 33.0% respectively). However, in case of micronutrient, subject categorized as deficient was larger than adequate, especially on vitamin C (77.0% vs 23.0%), calsium (66.0% vs 34%) and iron (55.0% vs 45.0%).</p>

scholarly journals Plant Extract Valorization of Melissa officinalis L. for Agroindustrial Purposes through Their Biochemical Properties and Biological Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mouna Souihi ◽  
Rayda Ben Ayed ◽  
Imen Trabelsi ◽  
Marwa Khammassi ◽  
Nadia Ben Brahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
The North ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is one of the rare medicinal plants in Tunisia. It was found only in two sites in the north of Tunisia with a small number of plants. The study of germination under the NaCl and PEG effect showed that Tunisian lemon balm seeds were sensitive to saline and osmotic stress. Morphological and biochemical characterizations of Tunisian M. officinalis were performed. Results showed that the Tunisian populations presented plants with long, broad leaves and weak branching. The major constituent in leaf essential oil was germacrene-D with a percentage ranging from 29.17 to 24.6%, and the major fatty acids were polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, ranging from 73.93 to 66.74%. The phenolic content of M. officinalis extract varied significantly among origins which could explain the high variation in antiradical scavenging activity. The evaluation of allelopathic activities showed that the extract of the lemon balm leaves presented an allelopathic effect with the majority of the tested seeds.

scholarly journals Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2102
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko ◽  
Marta Rożniata ◽  
Kinga Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Modification of lifestyle, including healthy nutrition, is the primary approach for metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate how individual nutrition intervention affects the reduction of MetS components. Subjects diagnosed with MetS were recruited in the Lomza Medical Centre. The study group consisted of 90 participants and was divided into one intervention group (individual nutrition education group (INEG)) and one control group (CG). The research was conducted over 3 months. The following measurements were obtained during the first visit and after completion of the 3 months intervention: body mass, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Dietary assessments were performed before and post-intervention using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary knowledge was evaluated with the KomPAN questionnaire. The total polyphenol content of the diet was calculated. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). It was found that the individual nutrition education was an effective method to improve the knowledge, dietary habits, and physical activity of the study participants. The modification of the diet in terms of higher intake of polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins), fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) had a significant impact on the improvement of some MetS risk factors (waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL-cholesterol).

scholarly journals Bioactive Lipids of Seaweeds from the Portuguese North Coast: Health Benefits versus Potential Contamination

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Cristina Soares ◽  
Sara Sousa ◽  
Susana Machado ◽  
Elsa Vieira ◽  
Ana P. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
The North ◽  
Atherogenicity Index ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The total lipid content and lipidic profile of seaweeds harvested in the North Coast and purchased in Portugal were determined in this paper. The amount of total lipids in the different species of seaweeds varied between 0.7 ± 0.1% (Chondrus crispus) and 3.8 ± 0.6% (Ulva spp.). Regarding the fatty acid content, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ranged between 0–35%, with Ulva spp. presenting the highest amount; monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) varied between 19 and 67%; and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were predominant in C. crispus (45–78%) and Gracilaria spp. (36–79%). Concerning the nutritional indices, the atherogenicity index (AI) was between 0.4–3.2, the thrombogenicity index (TI) ranged from 0.04 to 1.95, except for Gracilaria spp., which had a TI of 7.6, and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH) values ranged between 0.88–4.21, except for Gracilaria spp., which exhibited values between 0.22–9.26. The n6/n3 ratio was below 1 for most of the species evaluated, except for Ascophyllum nodosum, which presented a higher value, although below 2. Considering the PUFA/SFA ratio, seaweeds presented values between 0.11–1.02. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) contamination of seaweeds under study was also quantified, the values found being much lower than the maximum levels recommended for foodstuff.

Dietary Reference Intakes for the micronutrients: considerations for physical activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Whiting ◽  
Wade A Barabash
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Inactive State ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Healthy Persons

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of recommendations for healthy persons. For the most part, recommendations are determined experimentally under controlled conditions of light activity. During increased physical activity, it is expected that micronutrient requirements would increase relative to the inactive state. Micronutrients of interest to athletes are those associated with oxygen handling and delivery, such as iron, and vitamin D, a newly emerging function of which is to maintain muscle strength. The DRI report on electrolytes (including water) is the most recent set of recommendations. In addition to recommendations for intakes to meet needs, many micronutrients have an upper level that indicates caution in consuming a large amount. We illustrate the process of setting DRI values for the micronutrients (including electrolytes and water), and provide a summary of instances where physical activity needs were considered when DRI values were derived. Understanding the origin of DRI values for micronutrients will assist in understanding how to use the values in assessment and planning.Key words: iron, vitamin D, electrolytes, physical activity, nutrient reference standards, adverse effects.

Reflections on a Scholarly Career in Sport and Exercise Psychology: The Influence of Significant Others on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thelma S. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Senior Scholar ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
American Society

This paper is based on a Senior Scholar presentation delivered at the 2020 annual meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity. The paper begins with a summary of the research work completed by the author and coinvestigators in regard to the influences that significant others (parents, peers, and coaches) exert on the psychosocial well-being of individuals in sport and physical activity. In each of these three areas, illustrative research studies are summarized in a predominantly chronological order with a commentary at the end of each section that identifies unanswered questions and suggests future research directions. In the second section, four particular lessons learned by the author over the course of a scholarly career are identified and explained.

Stroke survivors with the same levels of exercise as healthy individuals have lower levels of physical activity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Jacqueline Ferreira ◽  
Larissa Tavares Aguiar ◽  
Júlia Caetano Martins ◽  
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Healthy Individuals
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document