Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes in dietary assessment and planning

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I Barr
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution ◽  
Individual Requirement

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are used for assessing and planning diets of individuals and groups. Assessing individual intakes is complicated by the fact that neither the individual's usual nutrient intake nor their individual requirement is known. However, the degree of confidence that intakes are adequate or excessive can be estimated. Assessing diets of groups requires information on the group's usual nutrient intake distribution, which can be obtained by statistically adjusting 1 d intake distributions to remove within-person variability. For most nutrients with an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the group prevalence of inadequate intakes can be approximated by the percent whose usual intakes are less than the EAR. However, the prevalence of inadequacy cannot be determined for nutrients with an Adequate Intake (AI). The goals of planning are a low risk (for individuals) or low prevalence (for groups) of inadequate or excessive nutrient intakes. For individuals, these goals are met by planning intakes that meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or AI, are below the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), and fall within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). For groups, planning involves estimating a "target" usual intake distribution with an acceptably low prevalence less than the EAR and greater than the UL, planning menus to achieve the target distribution, and assessing the results.Key words: nutrition assessment, dietary planning, nutrient adequacy.

scholarly journals Dietary Reference Intakes: summary of applications in dietary assessment

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6a) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne P Murphy ◽  
Mary I Poos
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Research Professionals

AbstractObjective:To summarise the applications and appropriate use of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as guidance for nutrition and health research professionals in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals.Design:Key points from the Institute of Medicine report, Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, are summarised in this paper. The different approaches for using DRIs to evaluate the intakes of groups vs. the intakes of individuals are highlighted.Results:Each of the new DRIs is defined and its role in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals is described. Two methods of group assessment and a new method for quantitative assessment of individuals are described. Illustrations are provided on appropriate use of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) in dietary assessment.Conclusions:Dietary assessment of groups or individuals must be based on estimates of usual (long-term) intake. The EAR is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing groups and individuals. The AI is of limited value in assessing nutrient adequacy, and cannot be used to assess the prevalence of inadequacy. The UL is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing the proportion of a group at risk of adverse health effects. It is inappropriate to use the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or a group mean intake to assess the nutrient adequacy of groups.

Frequency of meals that includes staple, main and side dishes and nutrient intake: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata ◽  
Kayo Kurotani ◽  
Miyuki Adachi ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and a straightforward Japanese nutritional goal of consuming a meal that includes staple, main and side dishes (SMS meal) more than twice a day. Design: This was a cross-sectional, observational study using the data from de-identified records of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary assessment was conducted using semi-weighed dietary records that were completed on one weekday. Setting: A home-based setting in Japan. Participants: 30 269 subjects (male n 14 284; female n 15 985) aged ≥6 years (6–103 years, mean 50·4 (sd 22·3) years). Results: As the frequency of SMS meals increased, we found a higher intake of most nutrients and each food group. Subjects who consumed SMS meals at least twice a day were more likely to meet the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Japan compared with subjects who consumed an SMS meal once a day or less. However, the frequency of SMS meals did not necessarily ensure that DRI for Japan for saturated fatty acid, vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium, iron and salt were met. Conclusions: Consuming SMS meals at least twice a day is a useful and straightforward nutrition goal to achieve adequate intake of some nutrients. However, it is necessary to provide the public with more information on foodstuff choice to ensure an adequate intake of all nutrients.

Dietary Reference Intakes for the macronutrients and energy: considerations for physical activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon A Zello
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The North ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are the North American reference standards for nutrients in the diets of healthy individuals. The macronutrient DRI report includes the standards for energy, fat and fatty acids, carbohydrate and fiber, and protein and amino acids. Equations used to identify the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) were also developed based on individual characteristics including levels of physical activity. The DRIs for the macronutrients are presented as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) or Adequate Intakes (AIs), as well as Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), and were arrived at by considering both nutrient inadequacies and excesses. In addition, recommendations are made that would reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as setting intake limits for added sugar; reducing cholesterol, saturated, and trans fatty acids consumption; and increasing levels of physical activity. As healthy individuals include those engaged in various levels of physical activity, the DRIs should apply to the athlete and address their macronutrient and energy needs. This paper summarizes the macronutrient DRI report as applied to the adult, with discussion of the dietary needs of those engaged in various levels of physical activity, including the athlete.Key words: nutrition, requirements, guidelines, performance, human.

DIETARY ASSESSMENT AND NUTRIENT INTAKE OF PREGNANT DIABETIC WOMEN FROM NAGPUR CITY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita R. Meghal and Kalpana Jadhav Sangita R. Meghal and Kalpana Jadhav ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Pregnant Diabetic

Dietary Adequacy of the Rotary Diversified Diet: As a Treatment for “Environmental Illness”

2002 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Taylor ◽  
Magdalena M. Krondl ◽  
Mark Spidel ◽  
Adele C. Csima
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Environmental Illness ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Regular Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

The rotary diversified diet, used in the management of environmental illness, consists of eliminating prohibited foods from the diet and rotating remaining non-prohibited foods and their “food families” within a regular cycle. We assessed the adequacy of nutrient intakes in 22 women prescribed the diet, described the nature of supplement use, and assessed the relationship between adherence and nutrient intake levels. Except for calcium and folacin intakes, mean nutrient intakes met or exceeded recommended levels. No subjects had calcium intakes above the adequate intake for calcium; 72.7% had folate intakes below the estimated average requirement. Intakes of other nutrients, except thiamin and magnesium, were below the estimated average requirement in less than 25% of the sample; 31.8% and 45.5% of subjects, respectively, had thiamin and magnesium intakes at this level. Those who adhered more closely to the rotary diversified diet had higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, and fibre than did those who followed the diet less closely. Supplements conferred some nutritional benefits; however, supplemental niacin and magnesium intakes exceeded tolerable upper intake levels. Those prescribed the rotary diversified diet require nutrition counselling from dietitians to cope with the complexity and restrictiveness of the diet.

scholarly journals Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Impact

Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.

scholarly journals Dietary reference intakes: aplicabilidade das tabelas em estudos nutricionais

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Padovani ◽  
Jaime Amaya-Farfán ◽  
Fernando Antonio Basile Colugnati ◽  
Semíramis Martins Álvares Domene
Keyword(s):  
Recommended Dietary Allowance ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Health Canada

As avaliações de dietas e o planejamento de consumo são atividades tradicionalmente realizadas por meio da comparação de médias de ingestão contra valores de referência de energia e nutrientes, seja para indivíduos ou grupos. Limitações de ordem técnica devem ser levadas em conta, sem as quais se pode chegar a conclusões equivocadas quanto ao atendimento das necessidades nutricionais. As Recomendações Nutricionais propostas pelo Institute of Medicine dos Estados Unidos, em conjunto com a agência Health Canada, a partir de 1997, conhecidas como Dietary Reference Intakes, representam um novo paradigma para o estabelecimento de indicadores nutricionais de consumo, ao aperfeiçoarem o uso do conceito de risco na avaliação de dietas. Fontes de erro intra ou interindividuais, devidas à variabilidade de padrão de consumo e decorrentes da distribuição das necessidades na população, aliadas a um pequeno número de dias de observação, têm grande impacto sobre a confiabilidade da análise. Por esta razão devem orientar a utilização dos valores, que foram organizados em tabelas com as quatro categorias de nutrientes, publicadas entre 1997 e 2005. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo destacar algumas características de aplicação e consolidar os valores diários de Tolerable Upper Intake Level, Adequate Intake e Recommended Dietary Allowance, facilitando a consulta por parte de profissionais e estudantes da área de nutrição.

Abstract P404: Validation of a Culturally Modified 24 hour Dietary Recall Questionnaire for use in Rural South Indian Populations

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asvini K Subasinghe ◽  
Amanda G Thrift ◽  
Simin Arabshahi ◽  
Oduru Suresh ◽  
Kamakshi Kartik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Field Worker ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
South Indian ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Field Workers

Introduction: The assessment of dietary intake in rural populations can be extremely challenging because of cultural and environmental limitations.Only one other study in India has been conducted to validate a 24 hour dietary recall. The purpose of this study was to validate a three pass 24 hour dietary recall questionnaire, culturally modified for use in South Indian populations, against a series of weighed food records (WFRs). Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that there will be less than 15% variance between amounts of food reported to be consumed in 24 hour dietary recalls and amounts of food weighed during WFRs. Methods: Eight life size food portion photographs of common South Indian food servings were created to aid participant recall. Nutrient intake was calculated using a food database specifically created for South Indian food items. Dietary data were compared between the two dietary assessment methods in 30 adults aged 19-85 years. WFRs were conducted in the household by a trained field worker. The amount of food served by each participant was weighed, along with any left overs not eaten. The following day, field workers administered a 24 hour recall interview to the same participant. Results: In total, 101 replicate weighed food portions were matched with estimated portions by 24 hour recall for 21 different types of food or drink. Overall, there was an 11% over-estimation by 24 hour recall compared to the WFR and a strong correlation between the two measures (r=0.93). Mean nutrient intakes obtained from each measure were not significantly different. Conclusions: The culturally specific modifications made to the 24 hour dietary recall method is valid for assessing energy, macro- and micro- nutrient intake in rural Indian populations.

scholarly journals Determining the Validity And Reproducibility of A Feeding Assessment Tool to Assess Nutrient Intake in New Zealand Infants Aged 9 to 12 Months

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Amy Judd ◽  
Kathryn Beck ◽  
Chris McKinlay ◽  
Cathryn Conlon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Feeding Assessment

Background: Dietary assessment in infants is challenging but necessary to understand therelationship between nutrition and growth and development [...]

scholarly journals Relationship between ethanol consumption and TBL2 rs17145738 on LDL-C concentration in Japanese adults: a four season 3-day weighed diet record study

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Akimoto ◽  
C. Goto ◽  
K. Kuriki
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Four Seasons

Abstract Background LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration is modified by dietary and genetic factors; however, little is known about the details of this relationship. Our aim was to investigate the associations taking into account dietary assessment methods, seasonal effects and missing values. Methods Study subjects completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and supplied 3-day weighed dietary records (WDRs) and blood samples in four seasons. Approximately 660,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were measured. Candidate SNPs related to LDL-C concentration were systematically selected. Multiple imputation was applied for missing values. A total of 312 repeated measures data were used for analyses. After adjusting for season and subjects as fixed and random effects, effects of nutrient intake and SNPs on LDL-C concentration were assessed according to three dietary assessment methods: the FFQ and first and four season 3-day WDRs (4 s-3d WDRs). Results For LDL-C concentration, ethanol consumption derived from all three dietary assessment methods was consistently associated (P < 0.09 for all). Positive and negative relationships were consistently shown with rs651007 and rs1160985 in the first and four seasons; but the latter remained after adjusting for total dietary fiber intake derived from the FFQ and 4 s-3d WDRs (P < 0.05, excepting the first 3-day WDRs). rs599839 was negatively associated after cholesterol intakes derived from the first and 4 s-3d WDRs were considered (P < 0.05 and 0.07, respectively). Each rs17145738 and ethanol consumption based on the 4 s-3d WDRs was related to LDL-C concentration (P < 0.05). Seasonal variations of LDL-C concentration were observed only in summer. Conclusions In contrast to nutrient intake, ethanol consumption was shown to be comprehensively related to LDL-C concentration, regardless of dietary assessment methods. Taking into account seasonal effects, critical relationships with LDL-C concentration for some SNPs, after adjustment for specific nutrients, were revealed. Our findings can be used to help to interpret the relationships between dietary and genetic factors on LDL-C concentration in large-scale epidemiological studies. (10/10 keywords)

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