Exercise and Lactation: Are They Compatible?

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale B. Carey ◽  
Timothy J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Lactation is an energy-demanding physiological process for the maternal organism and life-giving for the offspring. Likewise, exercise is an energy-demanding process. This review addresses the Compatibility of exercise during lactation. Human studies suggest no detrimental effect of exercise during lactation on milk composition and volume, infant growth and development, or maternal health. Studies also demonstrate improved cardiovascular fitness in lactating, exercising women and suggest a quicker return to pre-pregnancy body weight and a more positive sense of well-being, compared to sedentary controls. Findings from rodent studies, although of questionable value for humans, have generally shown no detrimental influence of exercise during pregnancy and lactation on pup growth and development. To date, findings suggest that exercise and lactation are compatible activities. Key words: maternal health, infant growth, breast milk composition, breast milk volume, cardiovascular fitness

Manganese in pregnancy and breastfeeding

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Manganese is both an essential element and a potent neurotoxin. It is involved in cellular metabolic processes and is a component of antioxidant enzymes. Uptake and efflux of manganese is tightly regulated, as both deficiency and excess can result in disease states. Manganese has essential functions in maternal health and fetal development, and in healthy women adequate amounts can be obtained from a mixed diet of grains, cereals, and fruits. Supplements containing manganese should be used with caution, as excess intake can have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. Maternal intake in pregnancy and lactation is not likely to be a worry in most cases, as transfer of manganese to the fetus and into breast milk is limited.

scholarly journals Maternal Health and Nutrition Status, Human Milk Composition, and Growth and Development of Infants and Children: A Prospective Japanese Human Milk Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Nojiri ◽  
Shunjiro Kobayashi ◽  
Satoshi Higurashi ◽  
Tomoki Takahashi ◽  
Yuta Tsujimori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition

It is unknown whether maternal health and nutrition are related to human milk composition or growth and development of infants and children. Here, we describe a protocol for a prospective five-year cohort study to clarify (i) how maternal health and nutrition, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyles affect human milk composition, and (ii) whether these are associated with growth and development of infants and children. In our study, we recruited 1210 Japanese mothers with singleton pregnancies from 73 obstetrics clinics and hospitals across Japan, between 2014 and 2019. We will measure the following: health information regarding maternal-child dyads using a self-administered questionnaire, maternal nutrition during breastfeeding using a Brief self-administrated Diet History Questionnaire, the development of infants and children using the Kinder Infant Development Scale, and the stress related to child rearing using the Mother’s Child Care Stress Scale. Simultaneously, we will collect human milk every 2 months during the first year after birth to measure its composition and levels of macronutrients. This study will generate useful data to investigate whether health status, nutritional status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors affect human milk composition and the growth and development of infants and children.

scholarly journals The Efforts to Increase Breast Milk Production Through Hypnobreastfeeding In Pakisaji Sub District Malang Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siska Neeri Utami ◽  
Miftakhur Rohmah ◽  
Nasifah Tuszahroh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Post Test

Breast milk is the first, main, and best food for babies, which is scientific. Breast milk contains various nutrients needed in the process of growth and development of babies. Breast milk production can also be increased by hypnobreasfeeding relaxation. Hypnobreasfeeding helps mothers to relax their bodies, and a great way to encourage mindsets in their babies. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of hypnobreasfeeding on increasing ASI production at pakisaji sub-district Malang district. The population is 25 respondents and the sampling technique used is total sampling with One group pre-post test design. Analysis of the data with the T-test using SPSS for Windows obtained Sig = 0,000, so 0,000 <0,05, which means H1 was accepted. Before hypnobreasfeeding, the average volume of ASI that came out was 163.2 ml, after being treated evenly. the average breast milk volume increased to 462.3 ml and there was an increase in the volume of breast milk by 300 ml. So that there is the influence of hypnobreasfeeding on increasing ASI production at BPM Sri Wahyuning Amd Keb Pakisaji Malang Regency. Based on the results of the study the authors suggest that breastfeeding mothers be more concerned and mothers are not stressed so that mothers can breastfeed calmly

scholarly journals Balancing exercise and food intake with lactation to promote post-partum weight loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Lovelady
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Milk Volume

Excess weight gain during pregnancy and post-partum weight retention are risk factors for obesity. While many studies report average weight retained from pregnancy is only 0·5–3·0 kg; between 14 and 20% of women are 5 kg heavier at 6–18 months post-partum than they were before pregnancy. Among normal-weight women, lactation usually promotes weight loss to a moderate extent, but not among those with BMI≥35 kg/m2. While exercise and energy restriction may promote weight loss during lactation, their effect on milk volume and composition and, consequently, infant growth must be considered. The effect of exercise on lactation performance has been investigated. Moderate aerobic exercise of 45 min/d, 5 d/week improved cardiovascular fitness, plasma lipids and insulin response; however, it did not promote post-partum weight loss. Breast milk volume and composition were not affected. The effect of exercise with energy restriction in overweight women on the growth of their infants has also been studied. At 1 month post-partum, women restricted their energy intake by 2092 kJ/d and exercised 45 min/d, 4 d/week for 10 weeks. Women in the diet and exercise group lost more weight than the control group (4·8 (sd 1·7) kg v. 0·8 (sd 2·3) kg); however, there were no differences in infant growth. Based on the current evidence, it is recommended that once lactation is established, overweight women may restrict their energy intake by 2092 kJ/d and exercise aerobically 4 d/week to promote a weight loss of 0·5 kg/week.

scholarly journals Human Breast Milk Composition and Function in Human Health: From Nutritional Components to Microbiome and MicroRNAs

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Dae Yong Yi ◽  
Su Yeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
And Function

Human breast milk (HBM) is not only an indispensable source of nutrients for early human growth and development, supplying components that support infant growth and development, but also contains various essential immunologic components with anti-infectious activities and critical roles in the formation of immunity. It is also known that HBM contains its own unique microbiome, including beneficial, commensal, and potentially probiotic bacteria, that can contribute to infant gut colonization. In addition, HBM-derived extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and microRNA are attracting increasing interest for their potential to transfer to the infant and their role in infant development. In this article, we examine some of the various constituents in HBM and review the evidence supporting their associated health effects and their potential applications in human health.

scholarly journals Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Josh M Jorgensen ◽  
Rebecca Young ◽  
Per Ashorn ◽  
Ulla Ashorn ◽  
David Chaima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Bioactive Proteins

ABSTRACT Background Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive breast milk proteins have many beneficial properties. Information is sparse regarding associations between these milk constituents and infant growth and development in lower-income countries. Objectives We aimed to examine associations of milk content of HMOs and bioactive proteins at 6 mo postpartum with infant growth and motor and cognitive development. These are secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi. Methods Breast milk samples were analyzed at 6 mo (n = 659) for general categories of HMOs (total HMOs, fucosylated HMOs, and sialylated HMOs), 51 individual HMOs, and 6 bioactive proteins (lactalbumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, antitrypsin, IgA, and osteopontin). We examined associations of the relative abundances of HMOs and concentrations of bioactive proteins with infant growth from 6 to 12 mo [change in length-for-age (ΔLAZ), weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and head circumference z-scores] as well as ability to stand or walk alone at 12 mo, and motor and language skills, socioemotional development, executive function, and working memory at 18 mo. Analyses were adjusted for covariates and multiple hypothesis testing. Results Among all participants, there were inverse associations of IgA and lactoferrin concentrations with motor skills (P = 0.018 and P = 0.044), and a positive association of lactalbumin concentration with motor skills (P = 0.038). Among secretors only [fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2) positive], there were positive associations of absolute abundance of HMOs with ΔLAZ (P = 0.035), and relative abundance of fucosylated and sialylated HMOs with language at 18 mo (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.033, respectively), and inverse associations of osteopontin with standing and walking at 12 mo (P = 0.007 and 0.002, respectively). Relative abundances of several individual HMOs were associated with growth and development, mostly among secretors. Conclusions Certain bioactive breast milk proteins and HMOs are associated with infant growth and motor and cognitive development. Further studies are needed to determine if a causal relation exists. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.

scholarly journals Issues and challenges related to breastfeeding during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Manish Taywade ◽  
Swayam Pragyan Parida ◽  
Dharitri Swain ◽  
Hrushikesh Das
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Research Community ◽  
New Born ◽  
Maternal Psychology

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected continuum of care throughout the life. To "bend the curve", regarding argument among all the research community whether positive or symptomatically suspected COVID-19 mother isolation can reduce the risk of transmission to new born. The recommendation is, infant and Mother's should be enabled to remain together and practice kangaroo mother care. Breastfeeding is most essential for an infant growth and development and maternal psychology, evidences till now supporting exclusive breastfeeding is been only been beneficiary and it will be an injustice to obstruct in the wake of this pandemic. The spread of active SARS-CoV-2 virus that can cause infection through breast milk and breastfeeding has not been detected so far.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document