scholarly journals Human Breast Milk Composition and Function in Human Health: From Nutritional Components to Microbiome and MicroRNAs

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Dae Yong Yi ◽  
Su Yeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
And Function

Human breast milk (HBM) is not only an indispensable source of nutrients for early human growth and development, supplying components that support infant growth and development, but also contains various essential immunologic components with anti-infectious activities and critical roles in the formation of immunity. It is also known that HBM contains its own unique microbiome, including beneficial, commensal, and potentially probiotic bacteria, that can contribute to infant gut colonization. In addition, HBM-derived extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and microRNA are attracting increasing interest for their potential to transfer to the infant and their role in infant development. In this article, we examine some of the various constituents in HBM and review the evidence supporting their associated health effects and their potential applications in human health.

scholarly journals Human Breast Milk and Xenoestrogen Exposure: A Possible Impact on Human Health

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Massart ◽  
Joshua Chuck Harrell ◽  
Giovanni Federico ◽  
Giuseppe Saggese
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

Exploring human breast milk composition by NMR-based metabolomics

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Praticò ◽  
Giorgio Capuani ◽  
Alberta Tomassini ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre ◽  
Maurizio Delfini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals DNA extraction approaches substantially influence the assessment of the human breast milk microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe A. Douglas ◽  
Kerry L. Ivey ◽  
Lito E. Papanicolas ◽  
Karen P. Best ◽  
Beverly S. Muhlhausler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Dna Yield ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Milk Samples

AbstractIn addition to providing nutritional and bioactive factors necessary for infant development, human breast milk contains bacteria that contribute to the establishment of commensal microbiota in the infant. However, the composition of this bacterial community differs considerably between studies. We hypothesised that bacterial DNA extraction methodology from breast milk samples are a substantial contributor to these inter-study differences. We tested this hypothesis by applying five widely employed methodologies to a mock breast milk sample and four individual human breast milk samples. Significant differences in DNA yield and purity were observed between methods (P < 0.05). Microbiota composition, assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, also differed significantly with extraction methodology (P < 0.05), including in the contribution of contaminant signal. Concerningly, many of the bacterial taxa identified here as contaminants have been reported as components of the breast milk microbiome in other studies. These findings highlight the importance of using stringent, well-validated, DNA extraction methodologies for analysis of the breast milk microbiome, and exercising caution interpreting microbiota data from low-biomass contexts.

scholarly journals Human breast milk enhances intestinal mucosal barrier function and innate immunity in a pediatric human enteroid model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaelle Noel ◽  
Julie G. In ◽  
Jose M. Lemme-Dumit ◽  
Lauren R. DeVine ◽  
Robert N. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTBreastfeeding has been associated with long lasting health benefits. Nutrients and bioactive components of human breast milk promote cell growth, immune development, and shield the infant gut from insults and microbial threats. The molecular and cellular events involved in these processes are ill defined. We have established human pediatric enteroids and interrogated maternal milk’s impact on epithelial cell maturation and function in comparison with commercial infant formula. Colostrum applied apically to pediatric enteroid monolayers reduced ion permeability, stimulated epithelial cell differentiation, and enhanced tight junction function by upregulating occludin expression. Breast milk heightened the production of antimicrobial peptide α-defensin 5 by goblet and Paneth cells, and modulated cytokine production, which abolished apical release of pro-inflammatory GM-CSF. These attributes were not found in commercial infant formula. Epithelial cells exposed to breast milk elevated apical and intracellular pIgR expression and enabled maternal IgA translocation. Proteomic data revealed a breast milk-induced molecular pattern associated with tissue remodeling and homeostasis. Using a novel ex vivo pediatric enteroid model, we have identified cellular and molecular pathways involved in human milk-mediated improvement of human intestinal physiology and immunity.

scholarly journals Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeong Kim ◽  
Dae Yong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Vertical Transfer ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contribute to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. In alpha-diversity analyses, bacterial samples showed higher richness and evenness than bacterial EV samples, and beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences between bacteria and bacterial EVs within identical individual samples. Firmicutes accounted for the largest proportion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera, including Bifidobacterium, were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. This study revealed the diverse bacterial communities in the HBM of healthy lactating mothers, and found that gut-associated genera accounted for a high proportion in bacterial EV samples. Our findings suggest the existence of key bacteria with metabolic activity that are independent of the major bacterial populations that inhabit HBM, and the possibility that EVs derived from these bacteria are involved in the vertical transfer of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutrient Composition in Breast Milk of Breast Feeding Mothers in Urban and Sub-Urban Subjects in Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Ikewuchi Catherine ◽  
Kalaotaji Glory Biambo ◽  
Jonathan Nyebuchi ◽  
Amadi Chikadibia Fyneface ◽  
Nwika Goodnews
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Rivers State

The human breast milk is considered to be the perfect food for infants, specifically adapted to their needs. Changes in lifestyle and environment may impact on breast milk composition. This study was aimed at comparing the nutrients composition in breast milk in postpartum women in urban and sub-urban areas in Rivers State. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 59 postpartum subjects between 0 and 10days of child delivery in each group. Sampling was done through a simple random sampling method. Human breast milk was collected by means of a manual breast pump for the analysis of carbohydrate, protein and lipid using ClegAnthrone Method, Kjedahl Method and Soxhelt Extraction Method respectively. The results revealed that carbohydrate level was 6.1±0.5% in urban group and 5.0±0.1% in sub-urban group which was statistically significant (t-value=2.2; p-value=0.04). Protein level was 3.5±0.6% in urban group and 3.9±0.3% in sub-urban group which was statistically non-significant (t-value=0.6; p-value=0.57).  Lipid level was 6.1±0.5% and 5.0±0.1% in urban and sub-urban groups respectively which was statistically non- significant (t-value=1.2; p-value=0.27). This study has revealed that differences in settlements (urban and sub-urban) have no impact on breast milk composition except in carbohydrate.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Human Breast Milk Microbiome and Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Healthy Mothers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeong Kim ◽  
Dae Yong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Vertical Transfer ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Two Samples

The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contributes to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In the present study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. Gene analysis was performed using Illumina MiSeq. Firmicutes accounted for the largest portion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera including Bifidobacterium were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. Our findings reveal the diverse bacterial communities in HBM of healthy lactating mothers and suggest the presence of key bacteria with metabolic activity in HBM and that EVs derived from these bacteria may contribute to the vertical transfer of gut microbiota from mother to infant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document