Effects of restriction endonucleases on nucleolar organizing regions in the ant Tapinoma nigerrimum

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-875
Author(s):  
P Lorite ◽  
T Palomeque
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Naked Dna ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Regions ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Region ◽  
Partial Digestion ◽  
Tapinoma Nigerrimum

The effects of some restriction endonucleases (REs) on the nucleolar organizing regions and on the genes for ribosomal RNA (rDNA) were analyzed using the nucleolar organizing region of the chromosome 6 of Tapinoma nigerrimum as an experimental model, since, in accordance with previous studies, the genes for ribosomal RNA seem to be present only in this chromosome. In situ non-digestion of the nucleolar organizing region was observed when EcoRI and HindIII were used. However, very evident digestion and partial digestion respectively were observed when HaeIII and Tru9I were used. Southern blot analysis realized on naked DNA digested with the same REs and using rDNA of Drosophila melanogaster as probe showed that there are target sequences for these enzymes in the rDNA. In accordance with the results obtained, the rDNA is poor in EcoRI and HindIII sequences, contains moderate amounts of Tru9I sequences, and is rich in HaeIII sequences. All the data obtained suggest that in the nucleolar organizing region of Tapinoma nigerrimum, the major, if not the only, limiting factor affecting in situ digestion by the REs used is the presence and frequency of their specific restriction targets. Consequently, extraction of DNA from this chromosome region depends on the size of the fragments originated.Key words: chromosome banding, Formicidae, NORs, rDNA, restriction endonucleases.

Ribosomal RNA genes and the substructure of nucleolar organizing regions in Lilium

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. von Kalm ◽  
D. R. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gene Number ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Regions ◽  
Band Size ◽  
Rna Genes

We have examined the location and organization of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in the species Lilium henryi (with four NORs per diploid cell), L. longiflorum, and L. speciosum (each with six NORs), and the hybrids Lilium × 'Black Beauty' (five NORs) and Lilium × parkmannii (eight NORs). The relative number of genes in individual NORs was assayed by in situ hybridization using in vitro labelled ribosomal RNA (rRNA). An estimate of their relative transcriptional activity was obtained by scoring silver band size over the constriction. There was no clear correlation between gene number and activity at specific NORs. Rather, gene number correlated quite well with the relative size of heterochromatin usually found adjacent to NOR constrictions and stained by an acid-banding method. It is possible that many but a variable fraction of the rRNA genes in Lilium NORs are held inactive in nucleolar heterochromatin.Key words: ribosomal RNA genes, Lilium, nucleolus, in situ hybridization, heterochromatin, silver banding.

scholarly journals Absence of rDNA amplification in the uninucleolate oocyte of the cockroach Blattella germanica (Oorthoptera: Blattidae).

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Cave
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Extrachromosomal Dna ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Cockroach Blattella Germanica ◽  
Rdna Amplification ◽  
Large Nucleolus

Amplification of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA oocurs in the oocytes of a wide variety of organisms. In oocytes of various species of crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) the amplified DNA is contained in a large extrachromosomal DNA body. Multiple nucleoli form about the periphery of the DNA body during the diplotene stage of meiosis I. In contrast to the general pattern of orthopteran oocytes, oocytes of the cockroach Blattella germanica demonstrate a single large nucleolus instead of many nucleoli. In order to determine whether the genes coding for rRNA are amplified in the oocytes of B. germanica, the relative amount of rDNA in oocytes was compared with the rDNA content of spermatocytes and somatic cells. An extrachromosomal DNA body similar to that present in crickets is not present in B. germanica. A satellite DNA band which contains nucleotide sequences complementary to rRNA accounts for approximately 3-5% of the total DNA in somatic and in male and female gametogenic tissues. Female cells contain approximately twice as much rDNA as do male cells. An XX-XO sex-determining mechanism is operative in B. germanica. In situ hybridization with rRNA indicates that the nucleolar organizer is located on one end of the X chromosome and that oocytes do not contain more than twice the amount of rDNA found in spermato cytes. The data indicate that rDNA is not amplified in the uninucleolate oocyte of B germanica.

Detection of rRNA and phaseolin genes on polytene chromosomes of Phaseolus coccineus by fluorescence in situ hybridization after pepsin pretreatment

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nenno ◽  
K. Schumann ◽  
W. Nagl
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
Rna Genes

This is the first report of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on plant polytene chromosomes. Different protease pretreatments have been tested to improve fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH on polytene chromosomes of a plant, Phaseolus coccineus, with the aim to enable the detection of low-copy genes. The structural preservation of the chromosomes and the distinctness of the FISH signals were comparatively analysed with a probe for the ribosomal RNA genes after digestion with pepsin and trypsin. The pepsin pretreatment resulted in a general loosening of chromatin with good conservation of chromosome morphology and an increased number and density of signal points. The six nucleolus organizers exhibited significant differences in condensation. The pretreatment with pepsin enabled the detection of the low-copy genes encoding the seed storage protein phaseolin.Key words: plant, Leguminosae, ribosomal RNA genes, seed storage protein genes, protease.

scholarly journals Detection of the Ribosomal RNA Gene in Pear (Pyrus spp.) using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Yamamoto ◽  
Shingo Terakami ◽  
Toshiya Yamamoto ◽  
Norio Takada ◽  
Tatsuya Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene

scholarly journals Renal and urinary findings in 20 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Mizuho Miura Sugayama ◽  
Vera Hermina Kalika Koch ◽  
Érica Arai Furusawa ◽  
Cláudio Leone ◽  
Chong Ae Kim
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Hybridization Test ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Elastin Gene

PURPOSE: Williams-Beuren syndrome is a rare multiple anomalies/mental retardation syndrome caused by deletion of contiguous genes at chromosome region 7q11.23. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and the types of renal and urinary tract anomalies in 20 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome. METHODS: The fluorescence in situ hybridization test using a LSI Williams syndrome region DNA probe was performed for all 20 patients to confirm the diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome. A prospective study was performed in order to investigate renal and urinary aspects using laboratory assays to check renal function, ultrasonography of the kidneys and urinary tract, voiding cystourethrogram and urodynamics. RESULTS: Deletion of the elastin gene (positive fluorescence in situ hybridization test) was found in 17 out of 20 patients. Renal alterations were diagnosed in 5 of 17 (29%) the patients with the deletion and in 1 of 3 patients without the deletion. Fourteen patients with the deletion presented dysfunctional voiding. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 3 patients with deletions and 1 of these presented bilateral stenosis of the renal arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high incidence of renal and urinary abnormalities in Williams-Beuren syndrome, performing a systematic laboratory and sonographic evaluation of the patients is recommended.

Testing the potential for supplementary water to support the recovery and reintroduction of the black-footed rock-wallaby

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca West ◽  
Matthew J. Ward ◽  
Wendy K. Foster ◽  
David A. Taggart
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Predation Effects

Context Supplementary resource provision is increasingly used by conservation managers to manipulate habitat conditions that limit population growth of threatened species. These methods are popular in reintroduction programs because they can assist released individuals to adapt to novel environments. In situ management and reintroductions are being used to recover warru (black-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race) on the arid Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands of South Australia. Direct predation by introduced predators is thought to be the main cause of population decline, but indirect predation effects reducing access to water resources has also been proposed as a limiting factor. Aims To determine whether warru would use supplementary water and so provide a tool to alleviate resource pressure for in situ (wild) and reintroduced warru populations. Methods We provided supplementary water to a wild and reintroduced warru population across 12 months. Drinking rates were calculated by monitoring water points with camera traps and modelled against plant moisture content and total rainfall. We also examined whether number of visits to water points by warru predators and competitors was significantly different to control points (no water present). Key results Wild and reintroduced warru used water points within 0–10 days of installation. No significant increase in visits by predators or competitors was observed at water points. Drinking rates were significantly higher during dry winter months (March–October) for both wild and re-introduced populations. Conclusions Supplementary water is readily utilised by warru. Water could be provided in this manner to warru populations where predators are present, particularly during drier months (generally March–October on the APY Lands), periods of drought or after fire, when food resources will have a lower water content and/or be less abundant. This may increase breeding rates and recruitment of young, and improve the probability of persistence for populations of this threatened species, and should be further investigated. Implications Supplementary water provision may be a useful tool to increase population growth rates for threatened mammalian herbivores in arid habitats. Experimental trials of the uptake of supplementary water and effects on population dynamics will provide important data for implementing adaptive management frameworks for conservation.

Assignment of the human α2-plasmin inhibitor gene (PLI) to chromosome region 18p11.1→q11.2 by in situ hybridization

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kato ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
O. Miura ◽  
S. Hirosawa ◽  
Y. Sumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Gene
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