Molecular evidence for Triticum speltoides as a B-genome progenitor of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Mat Daud ◽  
J. P. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Southern Blot ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome

In polyploid wheat, the origin of the B-genome donor has remained relatively unknown in spite of a number of investigations attempting to identify the parental species. A project was designed to isolate and clone a genome-specific DNA sequence from Triticum speltoides L. to determine if that species could be the B-genome donor. A cloning scheme involving the prescreening of 1-kb fragments followed by colony, dot blot, and Southern blot hybridization screenings was used to isolate a speltoides-specific sequence (pSp89.XI). The methods used allowed for rapid isolation of a genome-specific sequence when screened against total DNA from closely related species. Subsequent analyses showed that the sequence was barely detected in any of the other genomes of the annual Sitopsis section. The results of dot blot and Southern blot analyses established that (i) the sequence pSP89.XI, specific to T. speltoides relative to the other species of the Sitopsis section, was present in the genomes of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, (ii) the relative abundance of pSp89.XI seemed to decrease from the diploid to the polyploid wheats, and (iii) the existence of a related, but modified B genome in polyploid wheat compared with that in modern T. speltoides was probable. Key words : genome-specific, DNA.

The origin of wheat chromosomes 4A and 4B and their genome reallocation

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Lineage ◽  
C Banding ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome

Triticum aestivum chromosome "4A" is, like the B genome chromosomes, extensively heterochromatic while the remaining six A genome chromosomes are not. In the presence of the Ph gene it does not pair with any chromosome of einkorn wheats, T. monococcum and T. urartu, the source of the A genome. It is shown here that the same chromosome is also present in T. timopheevii which represents the other evolutionary lineage of wheats. The "4A" chromosomes of T. timopheevii and T. aestivum pair poorly with each other, like the B genome chromosomes of the two lineages, while the remaining A genome chromosomes, except for one arm, pair relatively well. Hence, in both lineages chromosome "4A" has the attributes of the B genome chromosomes, not of the A genome chromosomes. The C-banding pattern of chromosome "4A" of T. aestivum and T. timopheevii closely resembles the C-banding pattern of a chromosome of T. speltoides and less closely chromosome 4B1 of T. sharonense. On the basis of this and other evidence it is concluded that this chromosome was contributed by a species of the section Sitopsis and, consequently, belongs to the B genome. Additionally, there is evidence that the chromosome that was originally designated "4B" belongs to the A genome.

scholarly journals Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in the various uterocervical lesions by dot blot and southern blot hybridization.

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Hiroshi TANAKA ◽  
Tamikazu TAZAKI ◽  
Kuniko TAKAMURA ◽  
Yasuyuki HASUO ◽  
Keizou FUJIYOSHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Southern Blot ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Papillomavirus Dna

A chromosome-specific sequence common to the B genome of polyploid wheat and Aegilops searsii

2003 ◽  
Vol 241 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Liu ◽  
G. Segal ◽  
J. K. Rong ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
B Genome

Molecular evidence on the origin of wheat chromosomes 4A and 4B

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
P. Resta ◽  
R. S. Kota
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome

The genome allocation of the Triticum aestivum L. chromosomes denoted 4A and 4B was based on an erroneous inference. Since neither chromosome pairs with the chromosomes of putative ancestors of wheat, molecular tools were employed to clarify the origin of the two chromosomes. Disomic substitutions for T. aestivum chromosomes 4A or 4B by chromosomes 4 from T. speltoides (Tausch) Gren., a putative ancestor of the wheat B genome, T. longissimum (Schweinf. et Muschl.) Bowden (a close relative of T. speltoides), or T. monococcum L. ssp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell., a close relative of the ancestor of the wheat A genome, were produced. The ability of the substituted chromosome to compensate in the disomic substitution lines, the C-banding patterns of the chromosomes, electrophoretic alleles at the Adh-1 and Lpx-1 loci, and in situ hybridization with an interspersed repeated sequence all were consistent in showing that the chromosome previously denoted as 4A belongs to the B genome and the chromosome previously denoted as 4B is a rearranged chromosome of the A genome. Chromosome 4A is consequently reallocated to the B genome and chromosome 4B to the A genome in T. turgidum L. em. Morris et Sears and T. aestivum. To reflect the fact that the chromosome previously denoted as 4B has only a homoeologous relationship to chromosome 4A of T. urartu (the ancestor of the A genome in polyploid wheats), the chromosome is designated 4Aa.Key words: repeated nucleotide sequence, alcohol dehydrogenase, lipoxygenase, in situ hybridization, chromosome evolution.

Biochemical data bearing on the relationship between the genome of Triticum urartu and the A and B genomes of the polyploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kerby ◽  
J. Kuspira ◽  
B. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Donor Species

To determine whether the Triticum urartu genome is more closely related to the A or B genome of the polyploid wheats, the amino acid sequence of its purothionin was compared to the amino acid sequences of the purothionins in Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum, and Triticum aestivum. The residue sequence of the purothionin from T. urartu differs by five and six amino acid substitutions respectively from the α1 and α2 forms coded for by genes in the B and D genomes, and is identical to the β form specified by a gene in the A genome. Therefore, the T. urartu purothionin is either coded by a gene in the A genome or a chromosome set highly homologous to it. The results demonstrate that at least a portion of the T. urartu and T. monococcum genomes is homologous and probably identical. A variety of other studies have also shown that T. urartu is very closely related to T. monococcum and, in all likelihood, also possesses the A genome. Therefore, it could be argued that either T. urartu and T. monococcum are the same species or that T. urartu rather than T. monococcum is the source of the A genome in T. turgidum and T. aestivum. Except for Johnson's results, our data and that of others suggest a revised origin of polyploid wheats. Specifically, the list of six putative B genome donor species is reduced to five, all members of the Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops.Key words: Triticum monococcum, Triticum urartu, polyploid wheats, genomes A and B, purothionins.

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Dendrobium 'Sonia Earsakul' with Antisense Carica papaya ACO1 Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyanuch Sornchai ◽  
Sermsiri Chanprame
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Southern Blot ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Transgenic Lines

<p><em>Dendrobium</em> orchid is one of the major export cut flowers not only in Thailand but also for several tropical countries. However, the production of ethylene by their flowers causes a shorter vase life. Flowers that contained lower levels of ethylene usually exhibited delayed senescence and consequently prolonged vase life. The transfer of antisense <em>ACC oxidase (ACO)</em> gene into orchid, in theory, may leads to decreased ethylene production because this gene can down regulates the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. This study focuses on the transformation and the existence and expression of the antisense <em>ACO</em>1 gene from papaya, namely (<em>CP-ACO</em>1), which was transferred in to <em>Dendrobium</em> 'Sonia Earsakul'. The successful stable transformation event obtained and the existence of the transferred gene was determined using PCR, dot blot hybridization and Southern blot hybridization techniques. The results revealed that antisense <em>CP-ACO</em>1 and <em>hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt)</em> gene existed in all transgenic lines confirmed by PCR technique. The genomic dot blot confirmed the incorporation of the transgene in transgenic plant genome. Southern blot hybridization revealed the existed of one to four sets of the gene in transgenic lines. The expression of antisense <em>CP-ACO</em>1 gene was analyzed through the level of ACO enzyme activity and ethylene production in transgenic orchid. All of the transgenic lines had lower ACO enzyme activity and lower ethylene production than that of the non-transgenic orchid plants.<strong> </strong></p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus in laryngeal papilloma detected by dot blot hybridization (Vira Pap) and southern blot hybridization.

1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-913
Author(s):  
Shuichi Watanabe ◽  
Yoshihiro Naito ◽  
Takashi Kawakami ◽  
Yu Masuda ◽  
Hajime Ogura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Southern Blot ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Laryngeal Papilloma ◽  
Dot Blot Hybridization

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence of the Relationship Between a Virus Associated with Flat Apple Disease and Cherry rasp leaf virus as Determined by RT-PCR

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. James ◽  
W. E. Howell ◽  
G. I. Mink
Keyword(s):  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Apple Latent Spherical Virus ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primers ◽  
Leaf Virus

Flat apple disease-associated virus (FAV) was mechanically transmitted to the propagation host Chenopodium quinoa and double-stranded (ds)RNA recovered using CFII chromatography. Purified dsRNA was used to generate cDNA clones which were sequenced and the information used to design oligonucleotide primers for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and tube capture (TC)/RT-PCR analyses. Oligonucleotide primers for RT-PCR analysis and dot blot hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled cDNA clones were used for the detection of FAV and Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV) in C. quinoa, in leaf and bud wood tissue of apple, or both. Primers JQ3D33FF/FR amplified a virus-specific 429-bp fragment and reliably detected all isolates of FAV and CRLV tested by RT-PCR and TC/RT-PCR. Primers JQ2C1FF/FR amplified a 370-bp fragment and detected FAV and some isolates of CRLV. Comparison of amino acid residues derived from the 429-bp fragments of FAV and CRLV gave 95% identity. The RT-PCR assays provided strong evidence of a relationship between FAV and CRLV. These assays were also used to confirm virus elimination in apple plants after heat therapy. Western blot analysis of FAV revealed capsid protein subunits of approximately 22 and 24 kDa. Our data support biological and serological evidence that FAV and CRLV are isolates of the same virus. Searches of the database produced sequence matches only with RNA2 of Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV), a new member of the family Comoviridae. This suggests that both primer pairs presumably target regions on RNA2 of FAV/CRLV and that these viruses may be more closely related to ALSV than to other members of this family.

scholarly journals Genotyping and epidemiological metadata provides new insights into population structure of Xanthomonas isolated from walnut trees

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Fernandes ◽  
Pedro Albuquerque ◽  
Leonor Cruz ◽  
Fernando Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola ◽  
Disease Epidemics

ABSTRACTXanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) is the etiological agent of walnut diseases affecting leaves, fruits, branches and trunks. Although this phytopathogen is widely spread in walnut producing regions and has a considerable genetic diversity, there is still a poor understanding of its epidemic behaviour. To shed some light on the epidemiology of these bacteria, 131 Xanthomonas isolates obtained from 64 walnut trees were included in this study considering epidemiological metadata such as year of isolation, bioclimatic regions, walnut cultivars, production regimes, host walnut specimen and plant organs. Genetic diversity was assessed by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and dot blot hybridization patterns obtained with nine Xaj-specific DNA markers (XAJ1 – XAJ9). The results showed that Xanthomonas isolates grouped in ten distinct MLSA clusters and in 18 hybridization patterns (HP). The majority of isolates (112 out of 131) were closely related with X. arboricola strains of pathovar juglandis as revealed by MLSA (clusters I to VI) and hybridize with more than five Xaj-specific markers. Nineteen isolates clustered in four MLSA groups (clusters VII to X) which do not include Xaj strains, and hybridize to less than five markers. Taking this data together, was possible to distinguish 17 lineages of Xaj, three lineages of X. arboricola and 11 lineages of Xanthomonas sp. Some Xaj lineages appeared to be widely distributed and prevalent across the different bioclimatic regions and apparently not constrained by the other features considered. Assessment of type III effector genes and pathogenicity tests revealed that representative lineages of MLSA clusters VII to X were nonpathogenic on walnut, with exception for strain CPBF 424, making this bacterium particularly appealing to address Xanthomonas pathoadaptations to walnut.IMPORTANCEXanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis is one of the most serious threats of walnut trees. New disease epidemics caused by this phytopathogen has been a big concern causing high economic losses on walnut production worldwide. Using a comprehensive sampling methodology to disclose the diversity of walnut infective Xanthomonas, we were able to identify a genetic diversity higher than previously reported and generally independent of bioclimatic regions and the other epidemiological features studied. Furthermore, co-colonization of the same plant sample by distinct Xanthomonas strains were frequent and suggested a sympatric lifestyle. The extensive sampling carried out resulted in a set of non-arboricola Xanthomonas sp. strains, including a pathogenic strain, therefore diverging from the nonpathogenic phenotype that have been associated to these atypical strains, generally considered to be commensal. This new strain might be particularly informative to elucidate novel pathogenicity traits and unveil pathogenesis evolution within walnut infective xanthomonads. Beyond extending the present knowledge about walnut infective xanthomonads, this study might contribute to provide a methodological framework for phytopathogen epidemiological studies, still largely disregarded.

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