Chromosome 5D instability in cell lines of Triticum tauschii and morphological variation in regenerated plants

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Winfield ◽  
A. Karp ◽  
P. A. Lazzeri ◽  
M. R. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Immature Embryo Culture ◽  
Meiotic Analyses ◽  
L2 Medium ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Immature embryos of Triticum tauschii cultured on L2 medium with 30 g∙L−1maltose gave rise to compact and highly structured callus that readily regenerated shoots when transferred to MS medium supplemented with zeatin and indole-3-acetic acid. Two cell suspensions were initiated from the callus induced on L2 medium. An analysis of chromosome number in these cell suspensions after 3 months of culture showed that 95 and 75% of the cells had a normal complement. After 5 months, in both lines the majority of cells had chromosome complements of 2n = 13 and many of these aneuploid cells possessed a dicentric chromosome. C-banding indicated that the dicentric was often formed from chromosomes 2D and 5D. Fifty-six plants regenerated from callus were grown to maturity. Variation was observed in tiller number, flowering time, and seed-set; in two cases, the variation in early flowering was shown to be heritable. All the regenerants analysed had normal chromosome counts (2n = 2x = 14) and meiotic analyses of 35 plants revealed no obvious structural rearrangements.Key words: immature embryo culture, regeneration, chromosome, cell suspension, Triticum tauschii.

Somaclonal variation from cultured immature embryos of sister lines of rye differing in heterochromatic content

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Bebeli ◽  
A. Karp ◽  
P. J. Kalts1kes
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Chromosome Variation ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Immature Embryo Culture ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin

Somaclonal variation occurred among rye plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos of five sister lines that differed in their content of telomeric heterochromatin. Variation was observed in morphology, chromosome number, and secalin seed storage proteins. Morphological variation was present in 9.7% of the regenerants and included albinism and variegation, which appeared in different frequencies among the lines. Chromosome variation occurred in 15.8% of the regenerants and included translocations, tetraploidy, and trisomy in addition to meiotic disturbances such as centromere misbehaviour and asyndesis. Some of the regenerated plants were mosaic for the structural and numerical chromosome aberrations. The nature of the chromosome variation also differed among the lines. A single variant in the 40K γ-secalins was detected. The occurrence of variation is discussed in relation to differences in morphogenetic response of the rye lines and to the genotypic component of instability in culture.Key words: somaclonal variation, immature embryo culture, rye heterochromatin, chromosome variation, secalins.

scholarly journals Modulation of Auxin Levels in Pollen Grains Affects Stamen Development and Anther Dehiscence in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Salinas-Grenet ◽  
Ariel Herrera-Vásquez ◽  
Samuel Parra ◽  
Allan Cortez ◽  
Lilian Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Accumulation

Auxin regulates diverse aspects of flower development in plants, such as differentiation of the apical meristem, elongation of the stamen, and maturation of anthers and pollen. It is known that auxin accumulates in pollen, but little information regarding the biological relevance of auxin in this tissue at different times of development is available. In this work, we manipulated the amount of free auxin specifically in developing pollen, using transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express the bacterial indole-3-acetic acid-lysine synthetase (iaaL) gene driven by a collection of pollen-specific promoters. The iaaL gene codes for an indole-3-acetic acid-lysine synthetase that catalyzes the conversion of free auxin into inactive indole-3-acetyl-l-lysine. The transgenic lines showed several abnormalities, including the absence of short stamina, a diminished seed set, aberrant pollen tubes, and perturbations in the synchronization of anther dehiscence and stamina development. This article describes the importance of auxin accumulation in pollen and its role in stamina and anther development.

Paucity of somaclonal variation from immature embryo culture of barley

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Luckett ◽  
D Rose ◽  
E Knights
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
Immature Embryo Culture ◽  
Tissue Origin ◽  
Regenerant Plants

Intact immature embryos of barley (cv. Golden Promise) and component tissues (the scutellum and embryonic axis) were cultured to produce callus. Regenerant plants were obtained from this callus and SC2 families raised. These families were examined in a field trial to search for somaclonal variation. No obvious variants were found confirming our previous unpublished results. The lack of somaclonal variation generated by barley tissue culture (which is in contrast to other species) was not a result of the tissue origin of the regeneration event.

scholarly journals Variations in the Gliadin Composition in Immature Embryo Culture-derived Somaclonal Lines of Durum Wheat.

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Naoko YOKOUCHI ◽  
Nobuaki ASAKURA ◽  
Sergei TSVETANOV ◽  
Naoki MORI ◽  
Atanas ATANASSOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Immature Embryo Culture
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