Pachytene pairing and metaphase I configurations in a tetraploid somatic Lycopersicon esculentum × L. peruvianum hybrid

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sybenga ◽  
E. Schabbink ◽  
J. van Eden ◽  
J. H. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Late Pachytene ◽  
Recombination Nodules ◽  
Partner Exchange ◽  
Quadrivalent Frequency ◽  
Metaphase I

In the tetraploid somatic hybrid between the diploid Lycopersicon species L. esculentum (tomato) and L. peruvianum, synaptonemal complexes formed quadrivalents in 73 of the 120 sets of four chromosomes (60.8%) in 10 cells studied in detail at pachytene. Of these, 43 had one pairing partner exchange, 22 had two, and 8 had three, very close to a Poisson distribution. The points of pairing partner exchange were concentrated at the middle of the two arms. The frequency per arm corresponded with physical arm length. There was a sharp drop around the centromere, and pericentric heterochromatin had a slightly lower probability of being involved in pairing partner exchange than euchromatin. The chromosomes align before pairing and there are several points of pairing initiation, with concentrations at or near the ends and the centromere. From zygotene to late pachytene the quadrivalent frequency decreased considerably. At late pachytene it was lower than expected with the observed high frequency of pairing partner exchange. Pairing affinity between species was only slightly lower than affinity within species, in spite of considerable genetic differentiation. The frequency of recombination nodules increased from early to late zygotene and then decreased strongly to full pachytene. There is a highly significant negative correlation between percent pairing and SC length. At metaphase I the frequency of quadrivalents was 0.444, and branched quadrivalents were rare, probably caused by interference and restriction of chiasma formation to distal euchromatin. Metaphase I quadrivalent frequency is a relatively good indication of pairing affinity in this material.Key words: Lycopersicon, tetraploid hybrid, synaptonemal complex, pairing partner exchange, diakinesis/metaphase I.

Meiotic chromosome association in diploid and tetraploid Avena strigosa Schrel.

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Zadoo ◽  
R. N. Choubey ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
J. Sybenga
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Association ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Negative Interference ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Partner Exchange ◽  
Quadrivalent Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Interference ◽  
Metaphase I

In diploid Avena strigosa the frequency and distribution of open (rod) bivalents suggest that a limited number of chromosomes, possibly two, fail to have a chiasma in one (short) arm in over 60% of the cells. In the tetraploid these are expected to form bivalents instead of quadrivalents at metaphase I of meiosis in a high frequency. In addition, interstitial chiasmata are expected in the long arms of these chromosomes, when involved in quadrivalents. In the tetraploid the frequency of quadrivalents is indeed low, and the configurations with interstitial chiasmata are distributed as expected. However, application of Sybenga's models suggests that the pairing system rather than the chiasma system would be responsible for the low quadrivalent frequency. It is suggested that apparent negative chiasma interference across the point of pairing partner exchange, resulting from variation in its location, invalidates application of these models to the present material. Negative interference results in an even higher than expected open bivalent frequency, in combination with a relatively high ring quadrivalent frequency. In addition, not only the subacrocentric chromosomes but also the more metacentric chromsomes, by this same mechanism, tend to form open bivalents more often than in the diploid.Key words: meiosis, bivalent, quadrivalent, diploid, tetraploid, Avena strigosa

A model of meiotic chromosome association in triploids

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Crane ◽  
David A. Sleper
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Chromosome Association ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Partner Exchange ◽  
Translocation Heterozygosity ◽  
Metaphase I

A model was developed for chromosome association at meiotic metaphase I in triploids. Probabilities were estimated for each pachytene configuration and for subsequent formation of at least one chiasma in each combination of chromosome arms. Long and short arms were allowed to differ, but were related through an effective arm ratio so that the pattern of genomic affinity was the same for both arms. No other a priori assumptions were made about the pattern of genomic affinity. However, the usual assumptions of genome analysis were made including the following: identity of genomic-affinity pattern and chiasma frequency across homeologous groups, freedom from translocation heterozygosity, independence of chromosome arms, and absence of chiasma formation on both sides of a synaptic partner exchange within an arm. The model was statistically overparameterized and, therefore, had multiple solutions that yielded the same expected meiotic analysis. The range of these solutions can be found through repeated optimizations from randomly chosen starting values within the permitted ranges of the variables. It was convenient to express the optimized pattern of genomic affinity in terms of the proportions of metaphase I association due to each pairwise combination of genomes. Genomic affinity was analyzed in 16 triploid hybrids with the aid of the model.Key words: polyploidy, genome analysis, meiotic model.

scholarly journals Meiosis in Mesostoma ehrenbergii ehrenbergii. IV. Recombination nodules in spermatocytes and a test of the correspondence of late recombination nodules and chiasmata.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
J A Croft ◽  
G H Jones
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Recombination Nodules ◽  
Chiasma Localization ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Metaphase I

Abstract Male meiosis in Mesostoma ehrenbergii ehrenbergii (2x = 10) is characterized by extreme restriction of chiasma formation; 3 pairs of chromosomes form bivalents at metaphase I which are associated by single very distally localized chiasma, while two pairs of chromosomes remain as unpaired univalents. Electron microscopical three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of serial sections has been applied to 20 pachytene spermatocyte nuclei. In each nucleus three short stretches of synaptonemal complex (SC) were found, confined to a localized branched lobe of the nucleus, confirming the findings of an earlier study. The majority of reconstructed nuclei show that each of the three SC segments has a single prominent recombination nodule ("late" RN) associated with it. Late RNs in this system therefore show an excellent correspondence with metaphase I chiasmata, in contrast to a previous report. M.e. ehrenbergii is therefore not an exception to the hypothesis that meiotic exchange requires a functional late RN. A few nuclei had two, one or no RNs; these presumably represent nuclei that are not at the stage of maximum RN presence. Although M. e. ehrenbergii shows pronounced chiasma localization at the light microscope level, at the ultrastructural level RNs are widely distributed along the 5-10 microns of SC formed in each bivalent, indicating that genetic exchange are not restricted to particular localized sites but occur at a large number of DNA sequence.

Analysis of synaptonemal complexes and chromosome pairing at metaphase I in the diploid intergeneric hybrid Lolium multiflorum × Festuca drymeja

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hum M. Thomas ◽  
W. G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Synaptonemal Complexes ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Synaptonemal Complex Analysis ◽  
Metaphase I

The synaptonemal complexes in the diploid hybrid Lolium multiflorum × Festuca drymeja were examined by the surface spreading technique, and chromosome pairing at metaphase I was analysed. Synaptonemal complex analysis revealed "illegitimate" pairing, including multivalents and foldback pairing. At metaphase I, most chiasmata were between chromosomes of the same genome, and again multivalents were found. It was concluded that most synaptonemal complexes resulted in chiasma formation. The effects of the large differences in DNA values of the two species and the possible genotypic effect of F. drymeja on chromosome pairing are discussed.Key words: Lolium-Festuca, synaptonemal complexes, nonhomologous pairing, DNA values.

scholarly journals Chromosome pairing, recombination nodules and chiasma formation in the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben B. Holm ◽  
Søren W. Rasmussen ◽  
Denise Zickler ◽  
Benjamin C. Lu ◽  
Jean Sage
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Recombination Nodules

Genetic and cytogenetic analyses of the A genome of Triticum monococcum. IV. Synaptonemal complex formation in autotetraploids

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Gillies ◽  
J. Kuspira ◽  
R. N. Bhambhani
Keyword(s):  
Synaptonemal Complex ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Pachytene Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Element ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quadrivalent Frequency ◽  
Metaphase I

Electron microscopy of synaptonemal complex spreads from autotetraploid Triticum monococcum (2n = 4x = 28) revealed a minimum mean of 3.59 multivalents per zygotene–pachytene nucleus. The range of values was from 1 to 6 multivalents per nucleus. Most of the multivalents were quadrivalents with single, medially located pairing partner switch points. Lateral element pairing switches, particularly the few multiple switches, were often accompanied by extensive asynapsis around the switch point. The synaptonemal complex multivalent frequency is considerably higher than the metaphase I quadrivalent frequency previously reported for the same material. Calculations of expected pachytene quadrivalent frequency from metaphase I data, using several published theoretical models, gave values that did not agree with the results obtained here. The difference between the multivalent frequencies at pachytene and metaphase I does not appear to be the result of a correction process. Instead, it could be caused by a combination of preferential pairing or crossing-over and the effects of the position of partner switches and asynapsis associated with switches. Key words: autotetraploid, multivalents, synaptonemal complex, pairing effects.

scholarly journals IGSF11 is required for pericentric heterochromatin dissociation during meiotic diplotene

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009778
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Gengzhen Zhu ◽  
An Yan ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Testicular Cell ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Late Pachytene

Meiosis initiation and progression are regulated by both germ cells and gonadal somatic cells. However, little is known about what genes or proteins connecting somatic and germ cells are required for this regulation. Our results show that deficiency for adhesion molecule IGSF11, which is expressed in both Sertoli cells and germ cells, leads to male infertility in mice. Combining a new meiotic fluorescent reporter system with testicular cell transplantation, we demonstrated that IGSF11 is required in both somatic cells and spermatogenic cells for primary spermatocyte development. In the absence of IGSF11, spermatocytes proceed through pachytene, but the pericentric heterochromatin of nonhomologous chromosomes remains inappropriately clustered from late pachytene onward, resulting in undissolved interchromosomal interactions. Hi-C analysis reveals elevated levels of interchromosomal interactions occurring mostly at the chromosome ends. Collectively, our data elucidates that IGSF11 in somatic cells and germ cells is required for pericentric heterochromatin dissociation during diplotene in mouse primary spermatocytes.

Meiosis in triploid Lolium. I. Synaptonemal complex formation and chromosome configurations at metaphase I in aneuploid autotriploid L. multiflorum

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huw M. Thomas ◽  
Barry J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Synaptonemal Complex ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Synaptonemal Complexes ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Partner Exchange ◽  
Synaptonemal Complex Formation ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Axial Element ◽  
Metaphase I

A spreading technique for synaptonemal complexes (SCs) was applied to pollen mother cells of two aneuploid genotypes of autotriploid Lolium multiflorum (2n = 3x + 1 = 22). In the earliest nuclei analyzed the axial elements are in six groups of 3 and one group of 4. Most groups have formed multivalents with from one to five pairing partner exchanges, but there are also groups that have formed bivalents and univalents. Some axial elements have formed triple associations, in one case for the length of the trivalent. Unsynapsed axial elements remain aligned with their homologous SCs into pachytene, but this alignment is abolished as these axes pair heterologously among themselves until the entire axial element complement is synapsed. At metaphase I most chromosomes are associated as trivalents and quadrivalents.Key words: Lolium, triploid, pairing partner exchange, chiasma, multivalent.

Presence of abnormal synaptonemal complexes in heterothallic species of Neurospora

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Bojko
Keyword(s):  
Synaptonemal Complex ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Lateral Component ◽  
Late Pachytene ◽  
Synaptonemal Complexes ◽  
Neurospora Intermedia ◽  
Heterothallic Species ◽  
Type Strains

Synaptonemal complex abnormalities are frequent in reconstructed meiotic prophase nuclei of Neurospora crassa and Neurospora intermedia. Three kinds of synaptonemal complex anomalies were seen: lateral component splits, lateral component junctions, and multiple complexes. The anomalies apparently are formed during or after the pairing process, as they were not seen in the largely unpaired early zygotene chromosomes. Their presence at all the other substages from mid-zygotene to late pachytene indicates that they are not eliminated before the synaptonemal complex decomposes at diplotene. Abnormal synaptonemal complexes were seen in all 19 crosses of N. crassa and N. intermedia that were examined, including matings between standard laboratory strains, inversions, Spore killers, and strains collected from nature. The frequency of affected nuclei and degree of abnormality within a nucleus varied in different matings. No abnormalities were present in the homothallic species Neurospora africana and Neurospora terricola. Structural chromosome aberrations, introgression, and heterozygosity have been eliminated as causes for pairing disorder. The abnormal synaptonemal complexes seemingly do not interfere with normal ascus development and ascospore formation. The affected nuclei are not aborted during meiotic prophase, nor are they eliminated by abortion of mature asci. The abnormal meiocytes do not lead to aneuploidy, as judged by the low frequency of white ascospores in crosses between wild type strains that have many abnormalities. Thus, the abnormal synatonemal complexes do not appear to prevent chiasma formation between homologues.Key words: Neurospora, meiosis, synaptonemal complex.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCIES OF CHROMOSOME CONFIGURATIONS IN WHEAT AND WHEAT HYBRIDS

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-767
Author(s):  
C J Driscoll ◽  
L M Bielig ◽  
N L Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Colchicine Application ◽  
Metaphase I

ABSTRACT Presynaptic association of homologous chromosomes is a prerequisite to the sequence of events that lead to chiasma formation. This association of homologous chromosomes, as entire units, occurs with probability a, and chiasma formation occurs independently in opposite chromosome arms with probability c. a and c have been estimated from frequencies of different chromosome configurations at metaphase I of euhexaploid wheat and several derived lines. In the euploid, a is essentially unity and c is of the order of 95%. All changes in the aneuploidy studied involved c rather than a, whereas the change induced by colchicine application primarily involved a.—Observed and expected frequencies of configurations were compared in wheat hybrids in which only homoeologues were present. The expected frequencies of configurations were estimated from the data, based on a being unity for entire groups of homoeologues and c being the probability of chiasma formation between random homoeologous arms. Observed and expected frequences of configurations were in general agreement; however, an excess of observed closed bivalents at the expense of multivalents is interpreted to mean that not all homoeologues are effectively associated in all cells.—In euhexaploid wheat, we suggest that homologues associate with almost certainty, whereas homoeologous pairs of chromosomes associate less efficiently. The aneuploidy examined in this study does not appear to affect the association of chromosomes, but rather the number of chiasmata that eventuate and, in the case of deficiency of chromosome 5B the distribution of chiasmata within homoelogues, perhaps by way of rendering sites for chiasma formation of homoelogues more similar.

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