Antifungal volatiles from macrobasidiomycetes inhibits Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

Several macrobasidiomycete fungi have potential biological properties naturally to combat fungal diseases. F.oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is a soilborne ascomycetous fungus, which causes disease in several vegetable crops. The present study aimed to explore the antifungal activity of VOCs produced by several macrobasidiomycete fungi against F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. The VOCs emitted by macrobasidiomycete fungi were demonstrated by the inverted sealed plate assay against the target pathogen. Among the mushroom isolate tested in vitro, the VOCs exhibited from Coprinus cinereus inhibited 70 % mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, followed by Ganoderma lucidum (60.28 %) and Lentinus edodes (35.28 %). In addition to inhibition of the pathogen, the headspace volatiles emitted by the effective isolate were trapped by Tenax column and subjected to GC-MS analysis. A total of 15 and 25 VOCs were identified from C. cinereus and G. lucidum, respectively. Among them, Alfa copaene showed a peak area percentage of 7.82 (14.99 RT) in Coprinus cinereus. followed by 2 undecanone. Similarly, trichloromethane and 1- pentanol produced from G. lucidum, showed high relative abundance of 71.5 per cent at 9.84 RT and 70.3 per cent at 2.69 RT, respectively. The VOCs produced by macrobasidiomycete fungi could possess antimicrobial activities against the fungal pathogen. These volatile compounds may be explored as a novel biocontrol agent against soil borne pathogens of vegetable crop.

Peroksidaze katalizuojamos bisfenolio A oksidacijos reakcijos, dalyvaujant fenoksazino dariniui, tyrimas

Bisfenolis A (Bis A) yra itin kenksmingas žmonių sveikatai, todėl ieškoma būdų, kaip jį neutralizuoti. Rekombinantinė Coprinus cinereus peroksidazė (rCiP) bisfenolį A oksiduoja lėtai, tačiau pridėjus 3-(10H-fenoksazin-10-il) propioninės rūgšties (PPA) reakcijos greitis išauga. Nustatytos Bis A pradinio oksidacijos reakcijos greičio priklausomybės nuo fermento, substrato, mediatoriaus koncentracijų bei nustatyta PPA pradinio oksidacijos reakcijos greičio priklausomybė nuo mediatoriaus koncentracijos. Vykstantiems procesams aprašyti pasiūlyta kinetinė schema. Iš tiesiogiai gautų duomenų bei modeliuojant paskaičiuoti kinetiniai parametrai.

Production of Oxidative and Hydrolytic Enzymes by Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) Gray from Sisal Wastes Supplemented with Cow Dung Manure

The activity of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of the edible and medicinal white rot fungi Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) Gray mushroom was observed during mycelia growth and fruiting body development in solid substrate fermentation using sisal waste fractions amended with cow dung manure as supplement. Laccase had the highest titre value among the five detected enzymes. Its activity was higher during mycelia growth compared to fruiting phase, with 10% supplemented substrate formulation unmixed sisal leaf decortication residues [abbreviated SL : SB (100 : 0)] displaying the highest activity of 39.45±12.05 Ug−1. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) exhibited a characteristic wave-like pattern with the highest peaks found either during full mycelia colonization or soon after first flush harvest; the highest activity of 1.93±0.62 Ug−1 was observed on unsupplemented SL : SB (100 : 0) substrate formulation during mycelia colonization. For hydrolytic enzymes, the highest carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity of 2.03±0.70 Ug−1 was observed on 20% supplemented SL : SB (0 : 100) after first flush; that of pectinase (1.90±0.32 Ug−1) was revealed after third flush on 10% supplemented SL : SB (0 : 100) substrate formulation while 10% supplemented SL : SB (25 : 75) exhibited the highest xylanase activity (1.23±0.12 Ug−1) after first flush. These findings show that the activities of both oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes were regulated in line with developmental phase of growth of Coprinus cinereus.