Linkage relationships of 19 allozyme encoding loci within the commercial mushroom genus Pleurotus

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernie May ◽  
Kathrine J. Henley ◽  
Christine G. Fisher ◽  
Daniel J. Royse
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Joint Segregation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Duplicate Loci ◽  
Linkage Relationships

Single spore derived Pleurotus spp. isolates from four commercial lines (two P. sapidus, one P. florida, and one P. ostreatus) and from two interspecific hybrids (P. sajor-caju × P. sapidus) were analyzed for single locus and joint segregation of 25 allozyme encoding loci. The two alleles at the individual loci departed significantly in their segregation from a 1:1 Mendelian ratio in 26% of the intraspecific and 29% of the interspecific tests. Six linkage groups were identified as follows: Dia-1 ~ Est-5; Tpi ~ Pgd-2 ~ Skdh; (Fum) ~ Pgm-2 ~ Pgd-1 ~ PepLgg-1 ~ Gr-2; Ndh ~ Gr-1; Np ~ PepGl-1 ~ Aat-2 ~ Pgk ~ Mup; and Gr-4 ~ Mdh-1. The duplicate loci coding for GR, PEP-LGG, PGM, and PGD were both not linked to each other and not part of duplicate linkage groups. Six loci were not shown to be linked to any other loci (Lap, Pgm-1, Ha, Gpi, PepPap, and PepLgg-2), although the latter two loci were only tested against four and five loci, respectively. The first linkage map of 19 allozyme encoding loci for the Pleurotus genome is presented.Key words: Pleurotus, allozymes, linkage map, inheritance, edible fungi.

Linkage relationships of allozyme-encoding loci in shiitake, Lentinula edodes

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine G. Bowden ◽  
Daniel J. Royse ◽  
Bernie May
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Joint Segregation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hybrid Lines ◽  
Linkage Relationships

Single spore derived isolates from two parental and seven hybrid lines of Lentinula edodes were analyzed for single locus and joint segregation of 21 allozyme-encoding loci. The two alleles at the individual loci departed significantly from a 1:1 Mendelian ratio in 11% of the tests. With the exception of the highly significant χ2 value for Aat-1 in line WC131 (χ2 = 41.78), aberrant ratios were marginally significant and probably were due to chance alone. Eight linkages were identified: Ada ~ Gda, recombination frequency (r) = 0.15; Ada ~ Est, r = 0.12; Est ~ Gpi, r = 0.29; Ada ~ Gpi, r = 0.35; Gdh ~ Sod-1, r = 0.18; Mpi ~ PepG1-2, r = 0.13; Mpi ~ Sod-2, r = 0.04; and Sod-2 ~ PepG1-2, r = 0.14. Twelve loci were not shown to be linked to any other loci (Aat-1, Ak, Cat, Dia, Gk, β-Glu-1, β -Glu-2, Mdh, PepLgg-2, Pgd, Pgm, and Np). The first linkage map of 10 allozyme-encoding loci for the L. edodes genome is presented.Key words: shiitake, Lentinula edodes, allozymes, linkage map, edible fungi.

Linkage of morphological and isozyme loci in lentil, Lens culinaris L.

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
A. E. Slinkard
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Linkage Relationships

Six new isozymes and three morphological markers were placed on the lentil (Lens culinaris L.) linkage map. The 17 isozymes and 11 morphological markers that were studied formed four linkage groups (I through IV). These linkage groups represent linkage relationships in the cultivated lentil (L. c. ssp. culinaris) and its wild progenitor (L. c. ssp. orientalis). However, in crosses between L. c. ssp. odemensis and other ssp. of L. culinaris, linkage relationships were slightly different. In these crosses markers of linkage groups III and IV showed disturbed segregation and pseudo-linkage. Although wide crosses contain more variability than narrow crosses in lentil, linkage relationships are more difficult to interpret because of the prevalence of disturbed segregation and pseudo-linkage. Key words: Lentil, Lens culinaris, linkage, isozyme, pseudo-linkage

scholarly journals Linkage Relationships Reflecting Ancestral Tetraploidy in Salmonid Fish

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-591
Author(s):  
K R Johnson ◽  
J E Wright ◽  
B May
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Gynogenetic Offspring ◽  
Duplicate Loci ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Linkage Relationships

ABSTRACT Fifteen classical linkage groups were identified in two salmonid species (Salmo trutta and Salmo gairdneri) and three fertile, interspecific hybrids (S. gairdneri × Salmo clarki, Salvelinus fontinalis × Salvelinus namaycush and S. fontinalisx Salvelinus alpinus) by backcrossing multiply heterozygous individuals. These linkage relationships of electrophoretically detected, protein coding loci were highly conserved among species. The loci encoding the enzymes appeared to be randomly distributed among the salmonid chromosomes. Recombination frequencies were generally greater in females than in males. In males, certain linkage groups were pseudolinked with other linkage groups, presumably because of facultative multivalent pairing and directed disjunction of chromosomes. Five such pseudolinkage groups were identified and they also appeared to be common among species and hybrids. Duplicate loci were never classically linked with each other, although some exhibited pseudolinkage and some showed evidence of exchanging alleles. Gene-centromere recombination frequencies estimated from genotypic distributions of gynogenetic offspring were consistent with map locations inferred from female intergenic recombination frequencies. These linkage relationships support the contention that all extant salmonids arose from a common tetraploid progenitor and that this progenitor may have been a segmental allotetraploid.

A SUMMARY OF LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS AND A REVISED LINKAGE MAP OF THE CHICKEN

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Etches ◽  
R. O. Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
Linkage Relationships

The literature pertaining to linkage relationships in the chicken has been reviewed. A new linkage map is proposed consisting of 13 linkage groups. In cases where nomenclature has been duplicated, new symbols are proposed. A tabular summary of linkage tests which have shown independent segregation is included.

scholarly journals A Targeted Capture Linkage Map Anchors the Genome of the Schistosomiasis Vector Snail, Biomphalaria glabrata

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2353-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A Tennessen ◽  
Stephanie R Bollmann ◽  
Michael S Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Causal Genes ◽  
Targeted Capture ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Linkage Relationships

Abstract The aquatic planorbid snail Biomphalaria glabrata is one of the most intensively-studied mollusks due to its role in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Its 916 Mb genome has recently been sequenced and annotated, but it remains poorly assembled. Here, we used targeted capture markers to map over 10,000 B. glabrata scaffolds in a linkage cross of 94 F1 offspring, generating 24 linkage groups (LGs). We added additional scaffolds to these LGs based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of targeted capture and whole-genome sequences of 96 unrelated snails. Our final linkage map consists of 18,613 scaffolds comprising 515 Mb, representing 56% of the genome and 75% of genic and nonrepetitive regions. There are 18 large (> 10 Mb) LGs, likely representing the expected 18 haploid chromosomes, and > 50% of the genome has been assigned to LGs of at least 17 Mb. Comparisons with other gastropod genomes reveal patterns of synteny and chromosomal rearrangements. Linkage relationships of key immune-relevant genes may help clarify snail–schistosome interactions. By focusing on linkage among genic and nonrepetitive regions, we have generated a useful resource for associating snail phenotypes with causal genes, even in the absence of a complete genome assembly. A similar approach could potentially improve numerous poorly-assembled genomes in other taxa. This map will facilitate future work on this host of a serious human parasite.

scholarly journals Secondary Trisomics and Telotrisomics of Rice: Origin, Characterization, and Use in Determining the Orientation of Chromosome Map

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-529
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
D S Multani ◽  
Gurdev S Khush
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Map ◽  
Primary Trisomics ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
Genetic Segregation

Abstract Secondary trisomics and telotrisomics representing the 12 chromosomes of rice were isolated from the progenies of primary trisomics. A large population of each primary trisomic was grown. Plants showing variation in gross morphology compared to the primary trisomics and disomic sibs were selected and analyzed cytologically at diakinesis and pachytene. Secondary trisomics for both arms of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7 and 11 and for one arm of chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12 were identified. Telotrisomics for short arm of chromosomes 1, 8, 9 and 10 and for long arms of chromosomes 2, 3 and 5 were isolated. These secondary and telotrisomics were characterized morphologically and for breeding behavior. Secondary trisomics 2n + 1S · 1S, 2n + 1L · 1L, 2n + 2S · 2S, 2n + 2L · 2L, 2n + 6S · 6S, 2n + 6L · 6L and 2n + 7L · 7L are highly sterile, and 2n + 1L · 1L, 2n + 2L · 2L and 2n + 7L · 7L do not set any seed even upon backcrossing. Telotrisomics are fertile and vigorous. Genetic segregation of 43 marker genes was studied in the F2 or backcross progenies. On the basis of segregation data, these genes were delimited to specific chromosome arms. Correct orientation of 10 linkage groups was determined and centromere positions on nine linkage groups were approximated. A revised linkage map of rice is presented.

scholarly journals NEW MUTATIONS AND A 7-CHROMOSOME LINKAGE MAP OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Carl Frankel ◽  
Albert H Ellingboe
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Somatic Recombination ◽  
Linkage Relationships ◽  
New Mutations

ABSTRACT Forty-eight useful new mutations of S. commune were obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Their requirements and meiotic linkage relationships to each other and previously mapped areas were investigated. Several of these new mutations were incorporated into diploid strains so that the diploids contained at least one marker on every linkage group. Analysis of somatic recombination in these diploids indicated that each meiotic linkage group corresponded to an independent chromosome.

scholarly journals An enhanced molecular marker based genetic map of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) reveals comparative relationships with other Poaceae genomes

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S Jones ◽  
Natalia L Mahoney ◽  
Michael D Hayward ◽  
Ian P Armstead ◽  
J Gilbert Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Integrated Genetic Map

A molecular-marker linkage map has been constructed for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) using a one-way pseudo-testcross population based on the mating of a multiple heterozygous individual with a doubled haploid genotype. RFLP, AFLP, isoenzyme, and EST data from four collaborating laboratories within the International Lolium Genome Initiative were combined to produce an integrated genetic map containing 240 loci covering 811 cM on seven linkage groups. The map contained 124 codominant markers, of which 109 were heterologous anchor RFLP probes from wheat, barley, oat, and rice, allowing comparative relationships between perennial ryegrass and other Poaceae species to be inferred. The genetic maps of perennial ryegrass and the Triticeae cereals are highly conserved in terms of synteny and colinearity. This observation was supported by the general agreement of the syntenic relationships between perennial ryegrass, oat, and rice and those between the Triticeae and these species. A lower level of synteny and colinearity was observed between perennial ryegrass and oat compared with the Triticeae, despite the closer taxonomic affinity between these species. It is proposed that the linkage groups of perennial ryegrass be numbered in accordance with these syntenic relationships, to correspond to the homoeologous groups of the Triticeae cereals.Key words: Lolium perenne, genetic linkage map, RFLP, AFLP, conserved synteny.

scholarly journals The genetics ofUstilago maydis

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Microbial Genetics ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Haploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
The Individual

1. Many of the Ustilaginales, or smut fungi, appear to have the qualities necessary for the application of modern techniques of microbial genetics.Ustilago maydisis considered the most suitable species.2. Investigations of the mating system confirm reports that the production of diploid brandspores in the host is controlled by alleles at two loci.3. Genetic markers were obtained by inducing mutations in a wild-type strain with ultra-violet light. Of 100 biochemical mutants which were isolated, the growth requirements of 94 were identified. Thirty of these were used in genetic tests.4. The compact growth of colonies on artificial media allowed new techniques to be developed by means of which large samples of progeny could be isolated and identified easily. The analysis of brandspore colonies consisting of the products of single meiotic divisions is the quickest method for detecting linkage, but its accurate measurement appears to be achieved by examining the individual members of tetrads.5. Linkage was detected relatively rarely, but eight markers, including theamating-type locus, were assigned to one or other of two linkage groups. Although recombination values were not always determined accurately owing to irregular basidiospore germination, the auxotrophic markers in each group could be mapped in a linear order. Since no indication of other linkage groups was obtained, the genetic evidence is so far consistent with cytological reports that the basic haploid chromosome number is two in the smut fungi.6. Three linked markers were used to investigate chromatid interference by tetrad analysis. None was detected in a total of eighteen double exchanges.

scholarly journals A genetic linkage map for the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinrui Shi ◽  
David G. Heckel ◽  
Marian R. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

SummaryWe present data for the initial construction of a molecular linkage map for the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, based on 52 progeny from an F2 cross from a pair mating of inbred strains p50 and C108, using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The map contains 15 characterized single copy sequences, 36 anonymous sequences derived from a follicular cDNA library, and 10 loci corresponding to a low copy number retrotransposon, mag. The 15 linkage groups and 8 ungrouped loci account for 23 of the 28 chromosomes and span a total recombination length of 413 cM; 10 linkage groups were correlated with established classic genetic maps. Scoring data from Southern blots were analysed using two Pascal programs written specifically to analyse linkage data in Lepidoptera, where females are the heterogametic sex and have achiasmatic meiosis (no crossing-over). These first examine evidence for linkage by calculating the maximum lod score under the hypothesis that the two loci are linked over the likelihood under the hypothesis that the two loci assort independently, and then determine multilocus linkage maps for groups of putatively syntenic loci by calculating the maximum likelihood estimate of the recombination fractions and the log likelihood using the EM algorithm for a specified order of loci along the chromosome. In addition, the possibility of spurious linkage was exhaustively tested by searching for genotypes forbidden by the absence of crossing-over in one sex.

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