Characterization of the canine karyotype by counterstain-enhanced chromosome banding

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mayr ◽  
D. Schweizer ◽  
W. Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Chromosome Identification ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Distamycin A ◽  
Fluorescent Banding ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Triple Staining

The application of the counterstain-contrasted fluorescent banding technique to canine chromosomes provided an improved capability to highlight specific heterochromatic regions and to produce well defined banding patterns both on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. Triple staining with chromomycin A3 – distamycin A – DAPI revealed the occurrence of DA – DAPI positive heterochromatin in chromosomes 33, 36, 37, and 38. Pachytene nuclei present more favourable material for the detection of very small amounts of DA – DAPI material than mitotic division stages. Counterstain-enhanced chromomycin R-banding greatly facilitated chromosome identification. A standard R-band karyotype of Canis familiaris is proposed and described in some detail. DAPI – actinomycin D staining produced a QFH-type banding pattern and enhanced differentiation of some polymorphic regions.

Genome and chromosome identification in cultivated barley and related species of the Triticeae (Poaceae) by in situ hybridization with the GAA-satellite sequence

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pedersen ◽  
S. K. Rasmussen ◽  
I. Linde-Laursen
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Identification ◽  
Satellite Sequence ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Triticeae Species ◽  
Gaa Repeats

The satellite sequence studied was primarily composed of GAA repeats organized in long tracts of heterochromatic DNA. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with the GAA satellite (GAA banding) to the chromosomes of barley, wheat, rye, and other Triticeae species produced banding patterns similar to those obtained by N-banding. The GAA-banding patterns of barley are described in detail and those of 12 other Triticeae species are described briefly. In situ hybridization with the GAA-satellite sequence permits identification of all the chromosomes of barley. It is a valuable alternative to other banding techniques, especially in connection with physical gene mapping by FISH. The application of the GAA-satellite sequence for the characterization of genomes in phylogenetic studies of genera containing the sequence is discussed. Key words : Hordeum vulgare, Triticeae, GAA-satellite sequence, chromosome identification, genome differentiation.

Chromosome Analysis of Two Related Heteroploid Mouse Cell Lines by Quinacrine Fluorescence

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
P. W. ALLDERDICE ◽  
O. J. MILLER ◽  
D. A. MILLER ◽  
D. WARBURTON ◽  
P. L. PEARSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Fluorescent Banding ◽  
Quinacrine Fluorescence

The fluorescent banding patterns of quinacrine-stained metaphase chromosomes have been studied in 2 related mouse cell lines, A9 and a malignant derivative of A9, A9HT. In both cell lines virtually every chromosome has a distinctive banding pattern which permits its recognition. More than three quarters of the chromosomes have structural rearrangements, but the origin of nearly two thirds of the chromosomes could be determined by their banding patterns. The quinacrine fluorescence technique permits far more detailed characterization and comparison of heteroploid cell lines than any previous method. A9 and A9HT are karyologically quite similar, with many of the same marker chromosomes. There are, however, characteristic differences. A9HT, although it has a smaller average number of chromosomes per cell, appears to be more heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Effect of DNA-interacting drugs on phage T7 RNA polymerase.

1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Piestrzeniewicz ◽  
K Studzian ◽  
D Wilmańska ◽  
G Płucienniczak ◽  
M Gniazdowski
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
T7 Rna Polymerase ◽  
Distamycin A ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage T7 ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Dna Complex ◽  
Kinetics Of

9-Aminoacridine carboxamide derivatives studied here form with DNA intercalative complexes which differ in the kinetics of dissociation. Inhibition of total RNA synthesis catalyzed by phage T7 and Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerases correlates with the formation of slowly dissociating acridine-DNA complex of time constant of 0.4-2.3 s. Their effect on RNA synthesis is compared with other ligands which form with DNA stable complexes of different steric properties. T7 RNA polymerase is more sensitive to distamycin A and netropsin than the E. coli enzyme while less sensitive to actinomycin D. Actinomycin induces terminations in the transcript synthesized by T7 RNA polymerase. Despite low dissociation rates of DNA complexes with acridines and pyrrole antibiotics no drug dependent terminations are observed with these ligands.

Characterization of Italian populations ofLoliumspp. resistant and susceptible to diclofop by inter simple sequence repeat

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Dinelli ◽  
Alessandra Bonetti ◽  
Ilaria Marotti ◽  
Maurizio Minelli ◽  
Pietro Catizone
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Simple Sequence

Three ItalianLoliumweed populations, one susceptible and two resistant to diclofop, were characterized by the technique of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). The goal of this study was to taxonomically identify theseLoliumpopulations as well as to evaluate evidence for introgression of ISSR fragments fromFestucaand the potential role of this introgression in the diclofop response. ISSR analysis confirmed the genomic background of the weed populations to be consistent with that ofLolium. However, the great range of variation in ISSR banding patterns highlighted that the three ryegrass accessions are mixed populations made up of individuals resulting presumably from intrageneric and intergeneric hybridization in theLolium–Festucacomplex. TwoFestucagenus-discriminating and 20Festucaspecies-discriminating ISSR markers were screened among all the three ryegrass populations. The resistant Tuscania population carried the highest percentage ofFestucagenome (16.8%) followed by the resistant Roma (13.6%) and susceptible Vetralla (7.6%) populations. On the basis of these data some influence ofFestucagenome in diclofop resistance levels of studied ryegrass populations could be hypothesized.

scholarly journals Characterization of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Yu Hwang ◽  
Chung-Yu Chang ◽  
Lin-Li Chang ◽  
Shui-Feng Chang ◽  
Ya-Hui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
The Relationship

Sixty-three rifampicin-resistant (Rifr) isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Kaohsiung, Taiwan, were analysed for mutations in the core region (69 bp, codons 511–533) of the rpoB gene. Some 84.1 % (53/63) of the resistant isolates showed mutations in this region, especially in codons 531 (41.5 %), 526 (18.9 %), 516 (15.1 %) and 533 (7.5 %). Five novel alleles of a total of 16 different types of mutations were identified in Rifr isolates. Ten Rifr isolates (15.9 %) exhibited no mutations in the core region of rpoB. Also, they did not show mutations in another 365 bp fragment (codons 99–220) of rpoB. The agar proportion method was used to determine the relationship between the degree of rifampicin resistance and alterations in the core region of rpoB. The results revealed that the mean MIC was 92.38 μg ml−1 for the 53 isolates with a mutation in the core region, whereas the mean MIC of the other 10 isolates without mutations was only 24.8 μg ml−1. This indicates that the isolates with mutations in the core region had higher levels of resistance than those without mutations in this region. IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for typing of 55 Rifr M. tuberculosis isolates. Isolates contained two to 19 copies of IS6110, with sizes ranging from 600 to 16 000 bp. The majority (85 %) contained six to 16 copies. No strains lacking IS6110 were found. A total of 54 of 55 RFLP types were defined at the 90 % similarity level. The observation of varied IS6110-associated banding patterns indicates that an outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis did not occur in this area.

scholarly journals Karyotype characterization of Epimedium species (Berberidaceae) by fluorescent banding and physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA

Caryologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diao Ying ◽  
Chen Qingfu ◽  
Lin Xianming ◽  
Liao Chaolin ◽  
Hu Zhongli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Fluorescent Banding

Identification and assessment of genetic relationships in three Chlorophytum species and two high yielding genotypes of C. borivilianum through RAPD markers

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Tarun Patel ◽  
K. Geetha ◽  
Satyabrata Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractConservation of identified germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Since Chlorophytum species are important medicinal plants, studies were carried out for identification and establish genetic relationships in three species of Chlorophytum and two high yielding genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum using RAPD markers. Out of one hundred primers tested, 47 decamers amplified a total of 454 distinct bands ranging from 0.25–3.0 kbp to identify and to evaluate genetic relationships between and among three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum. The cluster analysis indicated that three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes (NRCCB-1 and NRCCB-2) of C. borivilianum formed two major clusters. The first major cluster constituted C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum, and the second major cluster composed of two subclusters; the first subcluster represented NRCB-1 and NRCB-2 where as the second subcluster represented C. borivilianum. Thus, the RAPD markers have the potential for identification and characterization of genetic relatedness among the species and genotypes. C. borivilianum along with two genotypes also showed similar banding patterns which could be chosen as candidate markers for differentiating the other two species such as C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum. This would helpful for breeding programmes and provides an important input in conservation biology.

scholarly journals Sex Determination During Inflorescence Bud Differentiation in Monoecious Pistacia chinensis Bunge

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Bai ◽  
Chenyi Zhu ◽  
Xia Lei ◽  
Tao Cao ◽  
Shuchai Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

Pistacia chinensis Bunge is widely acknowledged to be dioecious, but rare monoecious individuals have been found. However, the origin of monoecism and the sex differentiation of different sex types remain intriguing questions. Here, sex expressions were explored by identification of sex-associated DNA markers, determination of the sex stability after grafting, and histological characterization of inflorescence bud development using anatomical analysis. The results showed that (1) although polymorphisms among individuals existed, the banding patterns of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products for different sex types on the same monoecious tree were consistent; (2) the sex expressions of grafted trees were not consistent with those of scions, indicating that monoecism probably did not originate from a stable bud mutation; and (3) both males and females underwent a bisexual period, then the stamen primordia in female buds degenerated into the second round tepals, while the pistil primordia in male buds gradually disappeared. During the sex differentiation phase, female buds were spindle-shaped, while the male buds were full teardrop-shaped, and male buds were bigger than female buds. Taken together, no sex-associated DNA marker was found, sex expressions were unstable after grafting, and the alternative sex organs appeared in the early stage of sex differentiation, suggesting that sex determination occurred during floral development instead of the early vegetative period. These results indicated that the sex expressions may be affected by environmental factors, increasing the understanding of sex determination mechanisms in P. chinensis and other species.

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