DIFFERENTIAL GIEMSA STAINING IN PLANTS. VI. CENTROMERIC BANDING

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gary Filion ◽  
David H. Blakey
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Barium Hydroxide ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Somatic Metaphase ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature

Somatic metaphase chromosomes of Tulipa which were subjected to various hydrolyses with several times and temperatures displayed two distinctive types of C-banding when stained using the BSG (Barium hydroxide/Saline/Giemsa) chromosome banding technique. In addition to the two types of Giemsa bands, namely intercalary/terminal and centromeric, a unique transition from the former to the latter type of banding was observed. That is, at the point of transition from intercalary/terminal to centromeric banding, both types were present at one time. The two types of Giemsa banding resulted from different HCl hydrolysis times and temperatures; centromeric bands being observed after either a prolonged hydrolysis at room temperature or an increase in the hydrolysis temperature to 60 °C. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms of chromosome banding.

DIFFERENTIAL GIEMSA STAINING IN PLANTS. V. TWO TYPES OF CONSTITUTIVE HETEROCHROMATIN IN SPECIES OF AVENA

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Tian Yen ◽  
W. Gary Filion
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Barium Hydroxide ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature

Modified ASG (Acetic/Saline/Giemsa) and BSG (Barium hydroxide/Saline/Giemsa) chromosome banding techniques applied to several diploid species of oats produced two distinct types of C-banding patterns. One pattern consisted mainly of centromeric bands with occasional telomeric and/or intercalary bands while the other was comprised only of prominent telomeric and intercalary bands. These two banding patterns which probably reflect two distinct types of constitutive heterochromatin resulted from a change in the HCl hydrolysis temperature prior to the application of the ASG or BSG technique; hydrolysis at 60 °C yielded the centromeric bands and hydrolysis at room temperature produced telomeric and intercalary bands. Since all species examined reacted in a similar manner, precise Giemsa banding patterns should now be possible for all or most species of oats.

INSECT CHROMOSOME BANDING: TECHNIQUE FOR G- AND Q-BANDING PATTERN IN THE MOSQUITO AEDES ALBOPICTUS

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Steiniger ◽  
Asit B. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Somatic Metaphase

A modified technique is described for the production of clear G- and Q-bands of somatic metaphase chromosomes of the mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse.

G and/or C-bands in plant chromosomes?

1984 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
I. Schubert ◽  
R. Rieger ◽  
P. Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Plant Chromosomes ◽  
Nucleolus Organizing Region ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Simple Sequence

Similarities and differences become evident from comparisons of centromeric and non-centromeric banding patterns in plant and animal chromosomes. Similar to C and G-banding in animals (at least most of the reptiles, birds and mammals), centromeric and nucleolus-organizing region bands as well as interstitially and/or terminally located non-centromeric bands may occur in plants, depending on the kind and strength of pretreatment procedures. The last group of bands may sometimes be subdivided into broad regularly occurring ‘marker’ bands and thinner bands of more variable appearance. Non-centromeric bands in plants often correspond to blocks of constitutive heterochromatin that are rich in simple sequence DNA and sometimes show polymorphism; they thus resemble C-bands. However, most of these bands contain late-replicating DNA. Also they are sometimes rich A X T base-pairs, closely adjacent to each other and positionally identical to Feulgen+ and Q+ bands, thus being comparable to mammalian G-bands. Although banding that is reverse to the non-centromeric bands after Giemsa staining is still uncertain in plants, reverse banding patterns can be obtained with Feulgen or with pairs of A X T versus G X C-specific fluorochromes. It is therefore concluded that not all of the plant Giemsa banding patterns correspond to C-banding of mammalian chromosomes. Before the degree of homology between different Giemsa banding patterns in plants and G and/or C-bands in mammals is finally elucidated, the use of the neutral term ‘Giemsa band’, specified by position (e.g. centromeric, proximal, interstitial, terminal), is suggested to avoid confusion.

Modified Method of C Banding Using Barium Hydroxide

1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
P.K. Ghosh ◽  
Indera P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Barium Hydroxide ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
The Relationship

A modified centromeric heterochromatin banding technique using barium hydroxide octahydrate is described. The relationship between slide maturity and time of denaturation by barium-hydroxide is discussed.

BrdU-4Na-EDTA-Giemsa band karyotypes of 3 small freshwater fish, Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, and Rhodeus ocellatus

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ueda ◽  
H Naoi
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Embryo Cells ◽  
Rhodeus Ocellatus

The 4Na-EDTA-Giemsa staining of metaphase chromosomes from embryos of three small freshwater fish, zebrafish Danio rerio, medakafish Oryzias latipes, and rosy bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus, in the presence of BrdU for one cycle gave rise to clear bands along the length of the chromosomes. These bands (B-bands) with G-band-like structures were clear and reproducible. However, as distinct B-bands were observed only in elongated chromosomes, fine chromosome preparations with a high mitotic index and elongated chromosomes were required. A technique for making preparations from embryo cells satisfied this request. The B-banding technique applied to embryo cells is useful to analyze chromosomes of fish species in which ordinary G-banding techniques have been known to bring about only unsatisfactory results.Key words: B-bands, karyotype, Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, Rhodeus ocellatus.

Karyotypic and chromosome banding studies of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bedo
Keyword(s):  
Silver Staining ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Holocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Hoechst 33258 ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
C Banding

The karyotype of Phthorimaea operculella is similar in both sexes and consists of 29 chromosome pairs. These are of similar size with gradual intergradation except for one pair which is significantly longer. C-banding and fluorescent staining with quinacrine and Hoechst 33258 failed to induce bands in metaphase chromosomes while silver staining clearly showed active nucleoli in all stages except metaphase. The banding results are compared with the few reports available on banding of holocentric chromosomes. It is concluded that considerable variability exists in the heterochromatic structure of holocentric chromosomes.Key words: Lepidoptera, moth, karyotype, C-banding.

Sequential chromosome banding and in situ hybridization analysis

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
C Banding

Different combinations of chromosome N- or C-banding with in situ hybridization (ISH) or genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were sequentially performed on metaphase chromosomes of wheat. A modified N-banding–ISH/GISH sequential procedure gave best results. Similarly, a modified C-banding – ISH/GISH procedure also gave satisfactory results. The variation of the hot acid treatment in the standard chromosome N- or C-banding procedures was the major factor affecting the resolution of the subsequent ISH and GISH. By the sequential chromosome banding – ISH/GISH analysis, multicopy DNA sequences and the breakpoints of wheat–alien translocations were directly allocated to specific chromosomes of wheat. The sequential chromosome banding– ISH/GISH technique should be widely applicable in genome mapping, especially in cytogenetic and molecular mapping of heterochromatic and euchromatic regions of plant and animal chromosomes.Key words: N-banding, C-banding, in situ hybridization, genomic in situ hybridization.

CENTROMERIC BANDING IN MAIZE

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chow ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Water Rinse

A modified Leishman C-banding technique is described which can produce a complete set of centromeric bands on the somatic metaphase chromosomes of maize (Zea mays L.). Several interstitial (minor) C-bands, additional to those revealed by the conventional C-banding method, were observed. Centromeric bands were produced only after both an alkali and salt treatment were incorporated into the treatment schedule and a subsequent water rinse was omitted. Apparently, the combined action of alkali and salt treatments provided a positive contribution to the centromeric regions which otherwise remained unstained using the standard C-banding technique.

Rye C-banding patterns and meiotic stability of hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale) selections differing in kernel shriveling

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Papa ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Metaphase I

Two winter hexaploid triticale populations derived from the same cross were selected on the basis of grain appearance and agronomic performance. The five lines from 84LT402 showed more kernel shriveling than the four lines from 84LT401. The derived lines were analyzed for aneuploid frequencies, rye chromosome banding patterns, and meiotic stability to detect associations with kernel development. The aneuploid frequencies were 16% in 84LT401 and 18% in 84LT402. C-banding showed that both selection groups had all the rye chromosomes except 2R. The two groups had similar telomeric patterns but differed in the long-arm interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. Compared with lines from 84LT402, those from 84LT401 had significantly fewer univalents and rod bivalents, and more paired arms at metaphase I; fewer laggards and bridges at anaphase I; and a higher frequency of normal tetrads. There were no significant differences among lines within each group for any meiotic character. Since there were no differences within or between groups in telomeric banding patterns, the differences in kernel shriveling and meiotic stability might be due to genotypic factors and (or) differences in the interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. By selecting plump grains, lines with improved kernel characteristics along with improved meiotic stability are obtainable.Key words: triticale, meiotic stability, C-banding, Secale cereale, heterochromatin.

AnIn VivoGiemsa Chromosome Banding Technique

1975 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Kitchin ◽  
Eric J. Loudenslager
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Banding Technique
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