A TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMOSOMES PRESENT IN TETRAPLOID TRITICALE BASED ON HETEROCHROMATIC BANDING PATTERNS

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
K. D. Krolow
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Tentative Identification ◽  
C Banding ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Three tetraploid triticales were analysed by C-banding techniques in order to establish their chromosome constitutions. All three tetraploid triticales contained seven rye chromosomes with the banding pattern of Secale cereale L. A mixture of A- and B-genome chromosomes from Triticum turgidum L. constituted the wheat genome present in the tetraploid triticales. Triticale Trc 4x3 contained 1A, 2B, 3A, 4A, 5B, 6A, and 7B. Triticale Trc 4x2 contained 1A, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6A, and 7B, while triticale Trc 4x5 contained 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7B. The reliability of the staining technique is subject to errors in identification, which are discussed.

POLYMORPHISM IN THE GIEMSA C-BANDING PATTERN OF RYE CHROMOSOMES

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lelley ◽  
K. Josifek ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Extensive polymorphism was found with regard to the presence and size of Giemsa-staining bands in the chromosomes of six inbred lines of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). The amount of polymorphism differed from chromosome to chromosome, with 6R being the most variable and 3R or 7R the least.

Cytological identification of telotrisomic and double ditelosomic lines in Secale cereale cv. Heines Hellkorn by means of Giemsa C-banding patterns and crosses with wheat–rye addition lines

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich J. Zeller ◽  
Mari-Carmen Cermeño ◽  
Bernd Friebe
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Seven telotrisomic lines (1RS, 1RL, 2RS, 2RL, 3RS acro, 5RS, and 6RS), two double monotelosomic, and two double ditelosomic lines of Secale cereale cv. Heines Hellkorn were analyzed by means of Giemsa C-banding techniques. In crosses with several wheat–rye chromosome addition lines, the telosomic chromosomes in double ditelosomic lines 1/23 and 3/23 were found to be homologous to chromosomes 1R and 2RL of cv. Imperial rye. The C-banding pattern observed for the telosomes in these lines was similar to that detected in the 1R and 2R telosomics of the corresponding telotrisomic lines. Key words: Secale cereale, telotrisomics, double ditelosomics, C-banding pattern.

C-BANDING OF RYE CHROMOSOMES WITH COLD SSC BUFFER

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Limin ◽  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Barium Hydroxide ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Various times, temperatures and concentrations of SSC were tested in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of C-banding in plants. It is shown that C-bands can be induced in rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes by SSC treatment at temperatures as low as 0 °C for periods as short as 1 min, an effect previously unknown in either plants or animals. Barium hydroxide treatment appears to be essential for the production of bands. If chromosomes are treated with SSC omitting the Ba(OH)2 treatment, relatively uniform loss of nucleoproteins occurs without the production of C-bands. It is suggested that Ba(OH)2 alters the chemical structure of nucleoproteins in heterochromatin rendering them insoluble in SSC. It is unlikely that SSC functions as a DNA reassociation agent in the production of C-bands. More likely it functions as a leaching agent which extracts soluble nucleoproteins from the chromosomes. Incubation in 2 × SSC at room temperatures for 5-10 min was found to be sufficient for the production of a well contrasted banding pattern in rye chromosomes.

Rye C-banding patterns and meiotic stability of hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale) selections differing in kernel shriveling

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Papa ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Metaphase I

Two winter hexaploid triticale populations derived from the same cross were selected on the basis of grain appearance and agronomic performance. The five lines from 84LT402 showed more kernel shriveling than the four lines from 84LT401. The derived lines were analyzed for aneuploid frequencies, rye chromosome banding patterns, and meiotic stability to detect associations with kernel development. The aneuploid frequencies were 16% in 84LT401 and 18% in 84LT402. C-banding showed that both selection groups had all the rye chromosomes except 2R. The two groups had similar telomeric patterns but differed in the long-arm interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. Compared with lines from 84LT402, those from 84LT401 had significantly fewer univalents and rod bivalents, and more paired arms at metaphase I; fewer laggards and bridges at anaphase I; and a higher frequency of normal tetrads. There were no significant differences among lines within each group for any meiotic character. Since there were no differences within or between groups in telomeric banding patterns, the differences in kernel shriveling and meiotic stability might be due to genotypic factors and (or) differences in the interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. By selecting plump grains, lines with improved kernel characteristics along with improved meiotic stability are obtainable.Key words: triticale, meiotic stability, C-banding, Secale cereale, heterochromatin.

The origin of wheat chromosomes 4A and 4B and their genome reallocation

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Lineage ◽  
C Banding ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome

Triticum aestivum chromosome "4A" is, like the B genome chromosomes, extensively heterochromatic while the remaining six A genome chromosomes are not. In the presence of the Ph gene it does not pair with any chromosome of einkorn wheats, T. monococcum and T. urartu, the source of the A genome. It is shown here that the same chromosome is also present in T. timopheevii which represents the other evolutionary lineage of wheats. The "4A" chromosomes of T. timopheevii and T. aestivum pair poorly with each other, like the B genome chromosomes of the two lineages, while the remaining A genome chromosomes, except for one arm, pair relatively well. Hence, in both lineages chromosome "4A" has the attributes of the B genome chromosomes, not of the A genome chromosomes. The C-banding pattern of chromosome "4A" of T. aestivum and T. timopheevii closely resembles the C-banding pattern of a chromosome of T. speltoides and less closely chromosome 4B1 of T. sharonense. On the basis of this and other evidence it is concluded that this chromosome was contributed by a species of the section Sitopsis and, consequently, belongs to the B genome. Additionally, there is evidence that the chromosome that was originally designated "4B" belongs to the A genome.

Banding of rye (Secale cereale) chromosomes using the restriction enzymes AluI, DraI, HpaII, and MspI

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 998-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stößer ◽  
T. Günther ◽  
C. U. Hesemann
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Chromosome Band ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Recognition Sequence ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Characteristic Banding

Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of the rye inbred line L 301, which belongs to the Sortiment of the University of Hohenheim, were treated in situ with the restriction enzymes AluI (recognition sequence: 5′-AC/GT-3′), DraI (recognition sequence: 5′-TTT/AAA-3′), and the isoschizomeres HpaII and MspI (recognition sequence: 5′-C/CGG-3′) and stained with Giemsa. The chromosomes indicated similar banding patterns in comparison with the conventional Giemsa-C-banding. However, we have found in rye chromosomes after restrictase treatment that the telomeric bands were reduced in extension. In a lower degree the centromeric bands of individual chromosomes could be absent in dependence of the used restriction enzymes. The number of the intercalary bands were also reduced. Nevertheless, the tested restriction enzymes produced characteristic banding patterns of the rye genome. This uncomplicated banding technique is suited for a very quick banding method of karyotype analysis especially to obtain a first survey of the band patterns on the rye chromosomes.Key words: Secale cereale L., chromosome band pattern, in situ digestion, restriction endonuclease, restriction banding.

Mating system and genetic polymorphism in populations of Secale cereale and S. vavilovii

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pérez De La Vega ◽  
R. W. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Isozyme Polymorphism ◽  
Self Fertilization

Electrophoretic banding patterns were determined for nine enzyme systems (IPO, PGM, PGI, LAP, GOT, EST, PHOS, MDH, CPX) in four populations of Secale cereale L. from widely different geographical areas, and in one population of S. vavilovii Grossh. Secale cereale was found to be extensively variable and S. vavilovii invariant for these enzyme systems. Formal genetic studies of nine polymorphic banding zones in S. cereale revealed that each zone was under single locus control. Mating system studies based on these loci indicated that 8% of self-fertilization occurred under field conditions in a population of S. cereale, a species with a highly developed self-incompatibility system. Each population was characterized by fewer heterozygotes than expected in random mating populations. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were nearly identical in four populations of S. cereale, despite their diverse origins and different cytological characteristics.Key words: mating system, Secale, rye, isozyme polymorphism.

Characterization of genomes of timothy (Phleum pratense L.). I. Karyotypes and C-banding patterns in cultivated timothy and two wild relatives

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Cai ◽  
M. R. Bullen
Keyword(s):  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Genome Donors ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

In an attempt to know the phylogeny of timothy (Phleum pratense), the cultivated species and two wild relatives, Phleum alpinum and Phleum bertolonii, were karyotyped with conventional and Giemsa C-banding methods. In the hexaploid P. pratense (2n = 6x = 42), two sets of seven chromosomes were indistinguishable from each other both in morphology and in banding patterns and the third set of seven was found to be differentiated from them. Two genomes, A and B, were tentatively established. The banded karyotype in diploid P. alpinum (2n = 2x = 14) was close to the A genome, which was tetraploid in P. pratense, and the karyotype in P. bertolonii (2n = 2x = 14) was analogous to the B genome in P. pratense, which suggests these species were the genome donors of P. pratense.Key words: chromosome, genome, allopolyploid, Giemsa C-banding.

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale kernel maturation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic patterns of embryo plus scutellum, endosperm, and internal and external coats of rye (Secale cereale L. and Secale vavilovii Grossh.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel maturation has been carried out. Each kernel part of each species showed a characteristic pattern, and slow pattern changes from the beginning of the study (5 days after pollination) until kernels reached maturity (dry kernels) were observed. The triticale peroxidase patterns were very similar to tetraploid wheat patterns, and only few rye isozymes were clearly observed, probably due to overlapping with wheat isozymes. The possible influence of rye genome on the expression of wheat isozymes in triticale is also discussed.

Identification of the somatic chromosomes of Psathyrostachys fragilis (Poaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Linde-Laursen ◽  
R. von Bothmer
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Feulgen Staining ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
C And N

The karyotype of the outbreeding P. fragilis (2n = 2x = 14) was investigated by Feulgen staining and by C-, N-, and Ag-banding techniques. The complement consisted of 14 large chromosomes, 8 metacentrics and 6 satellite (SAT) chromosomes, probably among the longest within the Poaceae. Two SAT-chromosome pairs carried small, and one pair carried minute, polymorphic, completely heterochromatic satellites. Each chromosome could be referred to one of the seven chromosome pairs by its C-banding pattern. The patterns comprised from zero to three conspicuous, but not large bands per chromosome resulting in an overall low content of constitutive heterochromatin (<4%). The C-banded karyotype of P. fragilis differed from any previously reported in the Triticeae. Six of seven chromosome pairs were polymorphic either for C-banding patterns or satellite size (or for both). N-banding gave no differential staining of chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining established that the nucleolar organizers had different nucleolus-forming capacities. The presence of the small and minute satellites was more consistently demonstrated after C- and N-banding than after Feulgen staining.Key words: Triticeae, Poaceae, karyotype, C-, N-, and Ag-banding.

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