INHERITANCE AND ALLELIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SEVEN CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT MUTANTS IN BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS L.

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Stringam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Recessive Genes

Genetic data on seven chlorophyll-deficient mutants showed that all were independent monogenically-controlled recessive genes. The symbol yg is proposed for these characters with the designation yg-1 to yg-7. The value of these mutants in genetic research and in practical plant breeding problems is discussed.

A CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THREE ASYNAPTIC MUTANTS IN BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stringam
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Separate Gene ◽  
Chromosome Fragmentation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Complete Failure

Genetic data on three asynaptic mutants showed that all are monogenically controlled by recessive genes. Differences in cytological abnormalities suggested that each mutant was controlled by a separate gene. The symbol, as, is proposed for these characters with the designations, as, as2, and as3.The degree of asynapsis varied from complete failure of pairing in two of the mutants to partial asynapsis in the third. Other aberrations, such as chromosome fragmentation, lagging, attenuated univalents, micronuclei, restitution nuclei, and aberrant sporad formation were observed. The value of these asynaptics in breeding and cytogenetic research is discussed.

Data protection in grid-based multicentric clinical trials: killjoy or confidence-building measure?

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1898) ◽  
pp. 2729-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Arning ◽  
Nikolaus Forgó ◽  
Tina Krügel
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Data Protection Authority ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
Protection Authority

In order to protect the privacy of participating patients in multicentric genetic research projects and to improve the working conditions for researchers in such projects a data protection framework needs to be installed. In the first place, all genetic data processed in the project has to be pseudonymized. In addition to that, contracts have to be concluded between the project and each project partner to guarantee that genetic data are used only within the project and that each partner complies with data security standards. Furthermore, a central data protection authority has to be installed in the project to control the partners' compliance with these contracts and to serve as a central contact point for participants. If these conditions are fulfilled, only (de facto) anonymous data are used in the project, so that data protection legislation is not directly applicable. Second, each participant has to sign a special consent form for ethical reasons and as a fallback solution if the pseudonymization of the genetic data fails. With this safety net it is possible to protect the participants' privacy and to improve the working conditions for researchers.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Terintegrasi dengan Program Pemuliaan

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Sumarno ◽  
Nani Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Donor Gene

<p>Plant breeding, as an applied of plant genetics, is based and is supported by various subdisciplines of genetic sciences, includeing plant germplasm, classical genetics, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, gene-transformation techniques, etc. Linkage and team work system between plant germplasm management and plant breeding program is most required, since the success of plant breeding maybe obtained from the contribution of gene donor parents, derived from the germplasm management. Without the flow of genes from the germplasm collection, varieties produced by the plant breeder would suffer a narrow genetical based or a bottle-necking genetic based. Plant germplasm research is an integral part of the germplasm management, aimed to (1) evaluate the genetic variation of the germplasm collection, to be readily available for the breeding program and to be used for scientific publications, (2) tracing the origin of plant species, and (3) officially release a selected germplasm, containing new economic gene (s). The linkage between germplasm management and plant breeding research program could be facilitated through the following activities (1) identifying an elit germplasm for varietal release, (2) selection and stabilization of a promising germplasm accession for possible varietal releases, (3) use of germplasm accession as a gene donor parent to incorporate adaptive genes into improved variety, (4) use of germplasm accession for a specific donor gene, (5) use of germplasm to broaden the genetical base of varieties through an introgression and nobilization, (6) use of germplasm to improve the genetic value of the breeding population, and (7) to develop multiple crossess involving many parents to broaden the genetical base of the breeding population. Another important function of the germplasm management is to conserve accessions carrying genes which may be useful in the future, to anticipate the dynamic changing of biological and environmental stresses on crop. Germplasm management is considered successfully conducted when it is continously supplying donor gene parents to breeders for parental crosses on their breeding program, conversely, breeding program in considered successfully managed, when it uses the rich genetic variability available on the germplasm collection. Separating the organizational units among the breeding program, germplasm management and molecular genetic research, is only for enhancing the intensity of the research, but should not separate the linkage program of the research.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pemuliaan tanaman merupakan ilmu genetika terapan yang didukung oleh berbagai cabang ilmu kegenetikaan, termasuk plasma nutfah, genetika klasik, genetika molekuler, sitogenetika, dan genetika transformasi. Keterpaduan antara pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan pemuliaan tanaman tidak dapat ditawar, karena keberhasilan pemuliaan sangat tergantung dari ketersediaan sumber gen yang disediakan oleh pengelola plasma nutfah. Tanpa kontribusi sumber gen dari pengelola plasma nutfah, hasil pemuliaan tanaman mengalami penyempitan kandungan genetik, atau terjadi gejala leher botol genetik. Penelitian plasma nutfah merupakan bagian integral dari pengelolaan materi plasma nutfah, bertujuan untuk (1) menggali kekayaan sifat genetik plasma nutfah guna penyediaan tetua persilangan dan bahan publikasi ilmiah, (2) menelusuri asal-usul spesies tanaman, (3) melepas secara resmi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber gen yang diakui kepemilikannya. Keterkaitan pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan program pemuliaan dapat dilaksanakan melalui (1) pemanfaatan langsung aksesi plasma nutfah elit untuk dilepas sebagai varietas unggul, (2) pemurnian dan pemantapan populasi aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai calon varietas, (3) pemanfaatan aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai donor gen untuk rekombinasi gen-gen unggul adaptif, (4) plasma nutfah sebagai donor gen spesifik, (5) plasma nutfah sebagai bahan perluasan latar belakang genetik varietas melalui proses introgresi dan nobilisasi, (6) pemanfaatan plasma nutfah untuk perbaikan genetik populasi seleksi, dan (7) pembentukan populasi dasar yang mengandung keragaman genetik luas melalui persilangan banyak tetua. Fungsi pengelolaan plasma nutfah lainnya adalah melestarikan sumber daya genetik untuk kebutuhan gen di masa depan, agar dapat menyediakan gen-gen untuk mengantisipasi perubahan ras patogen dan tipe baru serangga hama yang bersifat dinamis, serta penyediaan gen guna mengatasi cekaman abiotik alamiah. Pengelolaan plasma nutfah dinilai berhasil apabila telah mampu menyediakan aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber gen donor dalam program pemuliaan. Pemuliaan tanaman berhasil secara optimal apabila telah memanfaatkan keragaman genetik sifat yang diinginkan, yang tersedia dalam koleksi plasma nutfah. Keterpisahan kelembagaan antara unit kerja pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan program pemuliaan tidak boleh membatasi keterpaduan program penelitian antara kedua cabang disiplin keilmuan tersebut.</p>

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT-BREEDING

1936 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
H. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Recent Trends

THE object of this paper is to review some recent trends in genetic research which clearly point to new possibilities in economic plant-breeding.

EXPRESS: Genetic Data: Potential Uses and Misuses in Marketing

2020 ◽  
pp. 002224292098076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remi Daviet ◽  
Gideon Nave ◽  
Jerry Wind
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Privately Owned

Advances in molecular genetics have led to the exponential growth of the direct-to-consumer genetic testing industry, resulting in the assembly of massive privately-owned genetic databases. This article explores the potential impact of this new data type on the field of marketing. Drawing on findings from behavioral genetic research, we propose a framework that incorporates genetic influences into existing consumer behavior theory, and use it to survey potential marketing uses of genetic data. Applications include business strategies that rely on genetic variants as bases for segmentation and targeting, creative uses that develop consumers’ sense of community and personalization, use of genetically informed study designs to test causal relations, and refinement of consumer theory by uncovering biological mechanisms underlying behavior. We further evaluate ethical challenges related to autonomy, privacy, misinformation and discrimination that are unique to the use of genetic data and are not sufficiently addressed by current regulations. We conclude by proposing an agenda for future research.

Development of genetic research in the USSR

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 900-904
Author(s):  
V. K. Shumny
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Short List ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Data Banks

Two periods of the development of genetic research in the USSR with reference to its current trends of plant and animal genetics, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics are reviewed. A short list of priority areas is established: the maintenance and use of unique gene pools of plants and animals; the domestication of animals and cultivation of new plants; the development of programmes for mathematical treatment of genetic data banks. It is suggested to consider them within the framework of international projects. The idea is to promote the collaborative efforts of scientists on an international scale.Key words: genetics in the USSR, current trends, international cooperation.

scholarly journals Once again to the issue of the protection of genetic information

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Julia V. Radosteva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Security Issues

The sphere of genetic research and genetic materials is one of the most effective public security issues. Goal prove that genetic information and genetic databases should be considered as special bodies of criminal law protection, requiring special legal norms for their treatment. Tasks: сonsider the meaningful difference between genetic information and genetic data; to determine the directions of the development of the mechanism of criminal law protection of genetic information. Results: There is terminological difference between the definitions "genetic information" and "genetic data". Taking into account the special nature of this information, it is obvious at the legislative level of the regime with it. The approach to the processing of this type of information about a limited range of circumstances in which actions with genetic data are permissible should also be changed.

scholarly journals Processing of Genetic Data under GDPR: Unresolved Conflict of Interests

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-176
Author(s):  
Petro Sukhorolskyi ◽  
Valeriia Hutsaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Unresolved Conflict ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Data Subject

Over the last decades, developments in the fields of genetics and bioinformatics caused a marked increase in the processing of human genetic data by various companies and institutions. This results in the adoption of several international documents and the emergence of legal norms on the protection of genetic data. The paper examines how and to what extent the interests and rights of the data subject with regard to the processing of genetic data are protected in the European Union. It is concluded that under the GDPR this task is implemented through classifying genetic data as sensitive, reliance on anonymisation and pseudonymisation, as well as introduction of the procedure of data protection impact assessment. Nevertheless, given the unique characteristics of genetic data distinguishing them from other categories of personal data, these measures cannot be regarded as sufficient and effective. The paper argues that current EU data protection legislation creates favourable conditions for genetic research, thereby ensuring particular public interests, but does not establish a special regime for genetic data processing appropriate to potential threats in this field and risks to the rights of data subjects.

Beyond Informed Consent

2011 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Castro ◽  
Chin Leong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Specific Interests

This chapter affirms the continuing relevance of requiring informed consent for health research in a context consisting of evolving genetic research methodologies and non-paradigmatic ways by which human beings become subjects of genetic research. The chapter also recognizes the special status of genetic materials and genetic data as subjects of research, as well as the different ways in which genetic materials and genetic data may be “owned.” Different senses of ownership necessitate variable ways of implementing informed consent and these have to be clarified and carefully matched. Taking into account the specific interests expressed by human participants in human tissue research,the authors can see that these can be best promoted by a kind of oversight function delegated to ethics committees. The idea of a “one-time” or absolute consent given at the time of recruitment sounds appealing in that it minimizes inconveniences to many stakeholders, including researchers and human subjects. However, there remain valid reasons to be wary lest the system allow some types of research (or use of human research materials) that subjects would disapprove of unless sufficient pertinent information could be provided at the moment of recruitment. Thus the authors present an option for something close to “one-time” or absolute consent with safety nets in the form of oversight functions “delegated” to oversight ethics committees. The exercise of oversight function should involve flexibility to negotiate specific instructions given by the subject(s), such as those that may have something to do with uses that could have a particular religious or cultural significance.

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