Application in the plant breeding work of new results from genetic research

1966 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
A. M�ntzing
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Breeding Work

scholarly journals Зберігання селекційних форм маточних коренеплодів моркви посівної

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
В. В. Хареба ◽  
О. В. Хареба ◽  
О. В. Позняк
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Carrot Seed ◽  
Quality Stock

Розглянуто модифікований спосіб зберігання ма-точних коренеплодів селекційних форм моркви посів-ної, в основі якого – скорочення втрат коренеплодів під час зимового зберігання та отримання чисто-сортного насіння заданих комбінацій у процесі селек-ційної роботи. Розглянутий модифікований спосіб зберігання маточних коренеплодів моркви посівної безпосередньо у полі перспективний для освоєння в науково-дослідних установах та насінницьких госпо-дарствах у зонах Північного Лісостепу та Полісся України. The modified method of storage of uterine root crops of plant-breeding forms of sowing carrot was considered; in its basis is reduction of root crops’ losses during winter storage and receipting of high-quality stock seed from the set combinations in the process of plant-breeding work. The considered modified method of storage of uterine carrot seed directly in the field is perspective for development in research institutions and seed farms in areas of the Northern Forest and Woodlands of Ukraine.

IV.—Inheritance of Resistance to Two Strains of Blight (Phytophthora infestans de Bary) in Potatoes

1944 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Black
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Plant Breeding Station

The existence in Mexico of blight-resistant species of potato has been known for many years, but they occur in the wild and are quite unsuitable for agricultural purposes. In order to utilise their resistance to disease it is necessary to combine disease resistance with the cropping qualities of cultivated forms while eliminating the undesirable characters which are prominent in the wild forms. Breeding work with this object in view has been in progress at the Scottish Plant Breeding Station for several years, and results obtained in the course of testing progenies for reaction to blight infection are discussed in the following pages.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Terintegrasi dengan Program Pemuliaan

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Sumarno ◽  
Nani Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Donor Gene

<p>Plant breeding, as an applied of plant genetics, is based and is supported by various subdisciplines of genetic sciences, includeing plant germplasm, classical genetics, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, gene-transformation techniques, etc. Linkage and team work system between plant germplasm management and plant breeding program is most required, since the success of plant breeding maybe obtained from the contribution of gene donor parents, derived from the germplasm management. Without the flow of genes from the germplasm collection, varieties produced by the plant breeder would suffer a narrow genetical based or a bottle-necking genetic based. Plant germplasm research is an integral part of the germplasm management, aimed to (1) evaluate the genetic variation of the germplasm collection, to be readily available for the breeding program and to be used for scientific publications, (2) tracing the origin of plant species, and (3) officially release a selected germplasm, containing new economic gene (s). The linkage between germplasm management and plant breeding research program could be facilitated through the following activities (1) identifying an elit germplasm for varietal release, (2) selection and stabilization of a promising germplasm accession for possible varietal releases, (3) use of germplasm accession as a gene donor parent to incorporate adaptive genes into improved variety, (4) use of germplasm accession for a specific donor gene, (5) use of germplasm to broaden the genetical base of varieties through an introgression and nobilization, (6) use of germplasm to improve the genetic value of the breeding population, and (7) to develop multiple crossess involving many parents to broaden the genetical base of the breeding population. Another important function of the germplasm management is to conserve accessions carrying genes which may be useful in the future, to anticipate the dynamic changing of biological and environmental stresses on crop. Germplasm management is considered successfully conducted when it is continously supplying donor gene parents to breeders for parental crosses on their breeding program, conversely, breeding program in considered successfully managed, when it uses the rich genetic variability available on the germplasm collection. Separating the organizational units among the breeding program, germplasm management and molecular genetic research, is only for enhancing the intensity of the research, but should not separate the linkage program of the research.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pemuliaan tanaman merupakan ilmu genetika terapan yang didukung oleh berbagai cabang ilmu kegenetikaan, termasuk plasma nutfah, genetika klasik, genetika molekuler, sitogenetika, dan genetika transformasi. Keterpaduan antara pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan pemuliaan tanaman tidak dapat ditawar, karena keberhasilan pemuliaan sangat tergantung dari ketersediaan sumber gen yang disediakan oleh pengelola plasma nutfah. Tanpa kontribusi sumber gen dari pengelola plasma nutfah, hasil pemuliaan tanaman mengalami penyempitan kandungan genetik, atau terjadi gejala leher botol genetik. Penelitian plasma nutfah merupakan bagian integral dari pengelolaan materi plasma nutfah, bertujuan untuk (1) menggali kekayaan sifat genetik plasma nutfah guna penyediaan tetua persilangan dan bahan publikasi ilmiah, (2) menelusuri asal-usul spesies tanaman, (3) melepas secara resmi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber gen yang diakui kepemilikannya. Keterkaitan pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan program pemuliaan dapat dilaksanakan melalui (1) pemanfaatan langsung aksesi plasma nutfah elit untuk dilepas sebagai varietas unggul, (2) pemurnian dan pemantapan populasi aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai calon varietas, (3) pemanfaatan aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai donor gen untuk rekombinasi gen-gen unggul adaptif, (4) plasma nutfah sebagai donor gen spesifik, (5) plasma nutfah sebagai bahan perluasan latar belakang genetik varietas melalui proses introgresi dan nobilisasi, (6) pemanfaatan plasma nutfah untuk perbaikan genetik populasi seleksi, dan (7) pembentukan populasi dasar yang mengandung keragaman genetik luas melalui persilangan banyak tetua. Fungsi pengelolaan plasma nutfah lainnya adalah melestarikan sumber daya genetik untuk kebutuhan gen di masa depan, agar dapat menyediakan gen-gen untuk mengantisipasi perubahan ras patogen dan tipe baru serangga hama yang bersifat dinamis, serta penyediaan gen guna mengatasi cekaman abiotik alamiah. Pengelolaan plasma nutfah dinilai berhasil apabila telah mampu menyediakan aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber gen donor dalam program pemuliaan. Pemuliaan tanaman berhasil secara optimal apabila telah memanfaatkan keragaman genetik sifat yang diinginkan, yang tersedia dalam koleksi plasma nutfah. Keterpisahan kelembagaan antara unit kerja pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan program pemuliaan tidak boleh membatasi keterpaduan program penelitian antara kedua cabang disiplin keilmuan tersebut.</p>

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT-BREEDING

1936 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
H. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Recent Trends

THE object of this paper is to review some recent trends in genetic research which clearly point to new possibilities in economic plant-breeding.

scholarly journals Multiflorous forms of soybean with long inflorescence are important source of breeding on increase of the seed productivity

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
O. Z. Shcherbyna ◽  
V. G. Mykhailov ◽  
O. O. Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
First Order ◽  
Breeding Work

Aim. The detailed research of plant-breeding value of the synthesized multiflorous forms with long inflorescence. Methods. The field and laboratory experiments for study of quantitative signs of varieties and hybrids with the statistical processing of data. Results. Synthesized multiflorous forms of soybean were characterized by greater duration of period of vegetation (135–150 days) and high of plants (100–160 cm). On the signs of inflorescence multiflorous forms were distinguished from existent varieties by the amount of flowers in inflorescence – from 9.2 to 32.8 (at plant-breeding varieties – 2.6–5.0), long inflorescence – to 18.6 and more cm (at plant-breeding varieties are 0.3 cm to 1.8 cm). These forms were characterized by the greater amount of pods and seed from a plant, by mass of seed from a plant, and also by the greater amount of knots, amount of branches of first-order than plant-breeding varieties and numbers. The hybrids of first generation by the productivity considerably exceeded both paternal forms. Mass of seed from a plant changed from a 32.00 g to 60.61 g. On duration of period of vegetation the hybrids of first generation were inter-mediate between paternal forms. Conclusions. Multiflorous forms of soybean with long inflorescens are important source of breeding work on increase of seed productivity. Keywords: soybean, multiflorous inflorescence, long inflorescence, varieties, hybrids.

Notes on the Life History and Habits of a Chalcid, Bruchophagus caraganae (Nik.), (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), Infesting Seeds of Caragana

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 622-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Work

In 1947, while a caragana breeding improvement program was being carried out on the Forest Nursery Station, Indian Head, Saskatchewan, it was discovered that a large percentage of seed was being destroyed by an insect. This insect, the caragana seed chalcid, which interfered seriously with the plant breeding work, is apparently identical with the Russian Bruchophagus caraganae (Nik.) (Nikol'skaya, 1952).

scholarly journals ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЕНОТИПА НА МЯСНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА СВИНЕЙ

2012 ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Г. А. Бирта ◽  
Ю. Г. Бургу
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breeding Work

Генетичні дослідження дозволили встановитиступінь спадковості господарсько корисних ознак,а також їх взаємозв'язок за певних умов годівлі йутримання свиней. Знання цих показників і викори-стання їх у селекційно-племінній роботі дає змогуудосконалювати породи в бажаному напрямі про-дуктивності. Розділити ознаки, залежні лише відвнутрішніх чинників або тільки від зовнішніх умов,практично неможливо. Проте можна визначитиступінь впливу тих й інших на формування кон-кретних властивостей тварин у процесі їх розви-тку. Це особливо важливо по відношенню до ознак,що обумовлюють продуктивні якості тварин. Даніпроведених досліджень підтверджують, що воднакових умовах годівлі й утримання полтавськім'ясні, великі білі та миргородські свині при одна-ковій живій масі мали різні забійні і м'ясні якості. Genetic research made it possible to detect the degree ofheritability of economic characters as well as theircorrelation under certain conditions of swine feeding andmaintenance. Knowing and using these characters inselection and breeding work allows us to improve breedsin the desirable direction of productivity.It is practicallyimpossible to divide the characters into those whichdepend on inner factors or on environmental conditionsonly. But the degree of effect produced by all of them onformation of certain animal qualities in the process of development can be detected. That is particularlyimportant as far as the characters conditioning productivequalities of animals are concerned.The data of theresearch conducted confirm that when with the same liveweight, Poltava meaty pigs, Large White and Mirgorodpigs had different slaughter and meaty qualities under thesame feeding and maintenance conditions. 

scholarly journals Studies in F1 and F2 of crosses between winter and summer turnip rape

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Rolf Manner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Yields

In the present study four hybrids between winter and summer turnip rape are compared with each other and with their parents. In all crosses the father was the same summer turnip rape, namely Mette. F1 and F2 of the hybrids were intermediate as regards their development in comparison with the parents. About three-fourths of the F1 plants of the cross Rapido X Mette, one half of F1 of the crosses Gruber X Mette and Sprengel X Mette, and only a small part of the crosses Storrybs X Mette gave seed yields. The seed yield per plant of the F1-hybrids was larger than that of the summer turnip rape Mette. The seed weight per silique and the mean seed weight were considerably higher in F2 of all the hybrids than in the summer turnip rape Mette. The green fodder production of the hybrids can be expected to be large. The hybrids seem to be usable in plant breeding work.

scholarly journals From proteomics to ionomics: Soybean genetic improvement for better food safety

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Watanabe ◽  
Tomás Losák ◽  
Johann Vollmann
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal

Soybean is a major protein and oilseed crop for food and livestock feed production, which is increasingly utilized in the food industry due to its favorable protein content and a superior overall seed composition with a high nutritional value. However, some of the soybean seed components have the potential to reduce the value of soy-food products as they are posing different food safety risks. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to evaluate options of soybean genetic improvement for the development of food-grade soybeans with a focus on food safety traits. To date, useful genetic variation in soybean germplasm collections and breeding materials has been described for protein components such as allergens or anti-nutritional factors, for fatty acid composition relevant to food safety, and for toxic heavy metal accumulation. Due to the progress in genomic research, genetic markers are available for assisting the introgression of major food safety traits into breeding populations, and the genetic mechanisms behind particular food safety traits have been clarified. Moreover, analytical methods from the fields of proteomics or ionomics are helpful for validating selection response and for monitoring quality features across genotypes. As consumer demand for food safety is steadily increasing, plant breeding approaches are gaining in importance as they can provide high-quality soybean raw materials to the food industry. For implementing better food safety on the consumer level, however, it appears that coordinated action between plant breeding and genetic research, food processing and marketing of products needs to be developed.

scholarly journals NEW CULTIVARS OF IRIS HYBRIDA HORT. FROM VNIISSOK

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
G. D. Levko ◽  
E. A. Zdolnikova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
New Cultivars

After many years of breeding work in the laboratory of plant breeding and seed production of floral crops of VNIISSOK five varieties of bearded iris (Hybrid) have been developed: St. George, Breeze, Zhirafik, Maestro, Elegy, with the original color of flowers that are resistant to adverse weather conditions (rain, hail, etc. etc.), as well as to diseases and pests, heat and winter resistance.

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