HYBRID VIGOR AND GENE ACTION IN A SIX-PARENT DIALLEL CROSS OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bitzer ◽  
F. L. Patterson ◽  
W. E. Nyquist
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

Six soft winter wheat lines were crossed in a diallel fashion and data were obtained from the parents and F1 hybrid generation over two years. The mean squares for year by genotype interaction were significant for most measured characters indicating that the genotypes responded somewhat differently each year. The yield response of the F1 generation hybrids ranged from −0.7 to 28.1% with 13 of 15 F1 hybrids above the higher parent; however, none was significantly higher.Combining ability analyses were performed on the F1 hybrids, and mean squares for general combining ability were significant for earliness, plant height, and kernels per spike. No significant mean squares for specific combining ability were detected. Monon was the best general combiner for both number of spikes and yield, and Gaines was a good general combiner for kernels per spike. The Jinks and Hayman (Vr, Wr) graphic analysis indicated that plant height, kernel weight, and number of spikes were controlled by some partial dominance and yield by apparent overdominance.

scholarly journals Heterosis for Flowering Time and Agronomic Traits among Early Open-pollinated Sweet Corn Cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Dickert ◽  
W.F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High

Heterosis in corn (Zea mays L.) usually results in earlier flowering, larger plants, and increased yield. In extremely early sweet corn the effect of heterosis on flowering time may be reduced or eliminated due to developmental and physiological requirements for vegetative growth before the transition to reproductive phase. The objective of this study was to determine the level of heterosis and the combining ability for flowering time and other agronomic traits in a diallel cross of six very early open-pollinated sweet corn cultivars. The diallel was grown in 1995 and 1996. Hybrids and parents averaged over hybrids differed for silk date, plant height, ear height, 10-ear weight, ear length, and 100-kernel weight but did not differ for row number and ear width. Heterosis for silk date was significant, but the difference between parents and hybrids was very small, 0.5 day. No hybrids were earlier than the earliest parent, and average midparent heterosis was -0.8%. In contrast midparent heterosis was significant and relatively high for 100-kernel weight (10.0%), ear length (12.9%), ear height (8.6%), plant height (9.0%), and 10-ear weight (28.2%). The traits with low heterosis had very high general combining ability/specific combining ability ratios while these ratios were much smaller in traits with high heterosis. Heterosis for many of the traits, including 10-ear weight, was higher than published values. Conversely, heterosis for flowering time was small, compared to other traits in this study and to published values for silk date, indicating that this extremely early germplasm may be at or near the limit for flowering time under the photoperiod and temperatures typical of summer in Madison, Wis. (43.05°N, 89.31°W).

Heterosis, inbreeding depression and combining abilities in a five-parent diallel of six-row barley

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Nasr ◽  
W. Khayrallah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Good Yielding

SummaryThe F1 and F2 generations of a diallel cross of six-row barley involving the parents, Beecher, Athenais, Atlas 46, 3130-4564-3, and 3130-864-4 were studied and heterosis, inbreeding depression, and combining abilities were measured for grain yield, number of tillers per plant, number of kernels per plant, kernel weight, and plant height. Significant heterosis was detected for grain yield in two of the ten crosses, for number of tillers per plant in one cross, for number of kernels per plant in two crosses, for plant height in three crosses, and for kernel weight in none of the crosses. The inbreeding depression of the F2 generation was present in most cases but significantly so in a few. Atlas 46 x 3130-4564-3 exhibited inbreeding depression for grain yield, number of kernels per plant, and plant height.The general combining ability (GCA) mean squares of both generations were significant for all characters studied except number of kernels per plant in the F1 generation. The specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant for only plant height in the F1 generation and all characters studied except number of tillers per plant in the F2 generation.The GCA effects indicated that Beecher and Athenais are good general combiners for grain yield and its components. The latter parent produced good yielding hybrids with slightly shorter plants than the remaining hybrids.The SCA effects revealed that Athenais × 3130-4564-3, Athenais × 3130-864-4, and Beecher × Atlas 46 seem good specific combinations for high grain yield. Also, the former two crosses tend to produce shorter plants.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis on yield and its component traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZA Talukder ◽  
ANM S Karim ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
M Amiruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Kernel Yield

Combining ability and heterosis were studied in a 7×7 half diallel cross in maize for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for all the characters studied. The significant estimates of GCA and SCA variances suggested the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the expression studied traits. In these studies, variances due to SCA were higher than GCA for all charactesr, which revealed the predominance of non additive gene action (dominance and epistasis) for controlling these traits. Parents P1 and P4 were excellent general combiner for days to tasseling and silking while P1 and P5 for early maturity. P4 for short height and, P4 and P7 for higher thousand kernel weight. The parents P4 and P6 having good combining abilities for yield. Heterosis estimation was carried out using two commercial varieties NK40 and 900MG. When standard commercial check NK40 was used, the percent heterosis for kernel yield varied from -51.39 to 12.53%. Among the 21 F1s, 3crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis for kernel yield. The highest heterosis was exhibited by the cross P4×P6 (12.43%), P6×P7 (10.89%) and P2×P3 (9.87%) respectively. Compared with 900MG as check, the percent heterosis for kernel yield varied from -53.73 to 7.01%. Among the 21 F1s, none of the crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis for kernel yield. The highest heterosis were exhibited by the crosses P4×P6 (7.01%), P6 x P7 (5.55%) and P2×P3 (4.57%). The crosses showed significant positive SCA values could be used for variety development after verifying them across the agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 565-577, September 2016

Effect of the number of parents and their combining ability on the performance of synthetic varieties in tall fescue

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Piano ◽  
P. Annicchiarico ◽  
M. Romani ◽  
L. Pecetti
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Varieties ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Yield Responses

Finding the optimal parent number for synthetic varieties has a crucial importance in forage breeding. The objective of this work was exploring this number for Mediterranean tall fescue selected for forage yield. The general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of parents, and their effects on the performance and the inbreeding depression of synthetics, were also assessed. The full-sib families from the diallel cross of 20 genotypes chosen from well performing populations were evaluated for fresh biomass over 13 harvests in Sanluri (Sardinia, Italy). The Syn 1 and Syn 2 of 15 synthetics varying in parent number (4, 8, 12, 16 or 20) and, within same number, in mean GCA of parents were evaluated for dry matter yield over 11 harvests in Lodi (northern Italy) in a greenhouse simulating the temperature pattern of a Mediterranean environment. The yield responses of Syn 2 synthetics with 2 to 20 parents with highest mean GCA were predicted from yield values of S1 and F1 progenies, also evaluated in Lodi. The variance of GCA effects was almost 2-fold larger than that of SCA effects. The observed vigour loss from Syn 1 to Syn 2 of the 4-parent synthetics (−6%) tended to be greater than those of higher parent number groups. The 4-parent synthetics with larger SCA effects tended to greater inbreeding depression. The comparison among synthetics with different parent number and highest GCA of their parents indicated the superiority of the 4-parent synthetic over any other in both generations (P < 0.05). The predicted yield response was maximised by the 3-parent synthetic. The results and other considerations suggest adoption of 4- to 6-parent synthetics.

INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND OTHER QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN BRASSICA NAPUS VAR. NAPOBRASSICA

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Grant ◽  
Patricia M. Harney ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Highly significant positive heterosis was found for root length, diameter and fresh weight in F1 hybrids derived in a seven-parent diallel cross of commercially available cultivars of Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica Mill. Significant general combining ability and specific combining ability effects and a preponderance of additive gene action were also noted for root length, diameter and fresh weight. The inheritance of these three traits is thought to be conditioned by additivity at the majority of loci and partial dominance at the remaining ones. Heritability estimates ranged from 0% for dry matter to 26% for root diameter.

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

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