Responses of cytochrome P4501A in freshwater fish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent in experimental stream channels

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Bankey ◽  
Peter A. Van Veld ◽  
Dennis L. Borton ◽  
Larry LaFleur ◽  
John J. Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Cytochrome P4501a ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Experimental Stream

Cytochrome P4501A induction was used to evaluate exposure of fish to bleached kraft mill effluent in experimental stream channels. Immunodetectable P4501A and associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were elevated in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) throughout 263 days of exposure to 8% and 4% effluent from a mill that used 70% chlorine dioxide substitution for chlorine in the pulp bleaching process. In largemouth bass, P4501A was elevated as high as 55-fold over control fish. Large temporal and species variations were observed in enzyme levels and activity. Levels of chlorinated organic compounds present in effluent also varied throughout exposures. However, there was no apparent relationship between P4501A and any of those compounds measured. P4501A and EROD in channel catfish declined to control levels within seven days after transfer of fish to clean water or after terminating introduction of effluent into the channels. In another exposure, induction was observed in largemouth bass at 4 and 12% effluent after the mill began using oxygen in the delignification process and 100% substitution of chlorine dioxide for chlorine.

Induction and clearance of cytochrome P4501A mRNA in Atlantic tomcod caged in bleached kraft mill effluent in the Miramichi River

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Courtenay ◽  
Cheryl Grunwald ◽  
Guat-Lian Kreamer ◽  
Ross Alexander ◽  
Isaac Wirgin
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P4501a ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Histopathology of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after Long-Term Exposure to Biologically Treated Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent in Experimental Stream Channels

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Hall ◽  
Richard K. Haley ◽  
Dennis L. Borton ◽  
Alexander H. Walsh ◽  
Richard E. Wolke
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Secondary Parasite ◽  
Kraft Mill

Outdoor experimental streams were used to determine the effects of effluent on histopathology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Studies were conducted for 10–11 mo using biologically treated bleached kraft mill effluent at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg∙L−1 of effluent BOD5 (1.3–5.1% v/v) and for 42 mo at 0.5 BOD5 addition (1.5% v/v). Twenty different tissues from randomly selected fish were examined at the end of each exposure period. Lesions or tissue changes observed in fish from both control and effluent-treated streams were of primary or secondary parasite-induced etiology, a condition typical of natural streams. There was an absence of neoplasia over the range of concentrations. Hematocrit, leucocrit, and liver somatic index remained normal throughout the course of effluent exposure. These data corroborate the lack of effluent effects as determined from measurements of trout growth, survival, production, and reproduction.

Elemental chlorine-free bleaching of North American hardwood kraft pulps: Evaluation of oxidant-reinforced extraction variables on overall bleaching optimization

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN N. BROGDON
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
North American ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Response Surface Models ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Surface Models

This investigation evaluates how higher reaction temperatures or oxidant reinforcement of caustic extraction affects chlorine dioxide consumption during elemental chlorine-free bleaching of North American hardwood pulps. Bleaching data from the published literature were used to develop statistical response surface models for chlorine dioxide delignification and brightening sequences for a variety of hardwood pulps. The effects of higher (EO) temperature and of peroxide reinforcement were estimated from observations reported in the literature. The addition of peroxide to an (EO) stage roughly displaces 0.6 to 1.2 kg chlorine dioxide per kilogram peroxide used in elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleach sequences. Increasing the (EO) temperature by Δ20°C (e.g., 70°C to 90°C) lowers the overall chlorine dioxide demand by 0.4 to 1.5 kg. Unlike what is observed for ECF softwood bleaching, the presented findings suggest that hot oxidant-reinforced extraction stages result in somewhat higher bleaching costs when compared to milder alkaline extraction stages for hardwoods. The substitution of an (EOP) in place of (EO) resulted in small changes to the overall bleaching cost. The models employed in this study did not take into account pulp bleaching shrinkage (yield loss), to simplify the calculations.

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

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