The Optimization Of Cellulose Content In Tobacco Stems (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) With Acid Extraction Method And Alkaline Extraction Method

Tobacco stems are the agricultural waste of tobacco crops that have the potential to be utilized. Use of tobacco stems in general, only in the leave of disposal without handling. Tobacco stems have the opportunity as a source of cellulose because they have a relatively high content of cellulose. The use of proper methods also plays an important role in extracting cellulose on tobacco stems. The research aims to determine the efficiency levels of cellulose extract from tobacco stems (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) with acid extraction methods and alkaline extraction. The research used a complete randomized design with a repeated trial of 2 times. The results showed the alkaline method of producing the best results against the rendemen testing parameters, water content, hemicellulose content, cellulose content, lignin content and FTIR spectroscopy. Yield test, moisture content, hemicellulose content, cellulose content and lignin content was at the best in the alkaline extraction with a concentration of 12% the yield of 43.63%; water content of 7.54%; hemicellulose content 14.33%; cellulose content 46.17%; and 2.83% lignin content. FTIR spectroscopy test shows that all treatments have important and specific function groups on cellulose such as – OH, C-H, and-CH2, so that samples were identified of cellulose.

STUDY ON MEASUREMENT MODEL OF LIGNIN CONTENT IN PULP AFTER ALKALINE EXTRACTION

Because kappa number cannot accurately represent the lignin content in the pulp after alkaline extraction, lead to the excessive dosage of bleaching chemicals added and the pollutant content increases. In order to accurately determine the dosage of bleaching agent, reduce pollutant emissions, a prediction model of lignin content of pulp was established by analyzing the correlation between lignin content and alkaline extraction conditions in this paper. The results show that the established soft sensor model can accurately measure lignin content, it is helpful to determine the amount of bleaching agent more accurately, reduce pollutant generation after pulp bleaching.

Penggunaan Tanah Vertisol Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Silika

Penggunaan silika sering digunakan dalam berbagai industri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar silika pada tanah vertisol di desa Bringinbendo. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan perendaman tanah pada aquadest, kemudian dicuci sebanyak 3 kali dan dikeringkan pada 110°C selama 24 jam. Selanjutnya dihaluskan hingga ukuran 250 mesh. Tahapan kedua yaitu sintesis silika dengan metode ekstraksi alkali dan diikuti presipitasi asam. 20 gram serbuk tanah diekstraksi dalam 100 ml NaOH (3, 5, dan 7M) sambil diaduk dan dipanaskan pada 80°C. Selanjutnya ditambahkan aquadest sebanyak 250 ml dan disaring menggunakan kertas Whatman. Filtrat dititrasi dengan HCl 5M sambil diaduk hingga pH mencapai 7. Suspensi dipertahankan pada temperatur kamar selama 24 jam, disaring, dan dicuci sebanyak 5 kali dengan aquadest kemudian dikeringkan. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu massa silika paling besar terdapat pada konsentrasi NaOH 7M pada waktu 1 jam yaitu 2,59 gram dan tanah vertisol di Desa Bringinbendo memiliki kadar silika dalam kategori sedang dengan persentase sebesar 77,7%.Silica is widely used in industry. The aim of this study was to determine the silica content in vertisol soil in Bringinbendo village. This research was started by soaking the soil in aquadest, then washed 3 times and dried it at 110 ° C for 24 hours. Furthermore, smoothed to 250 mesh size. The second stage is the synthesis of silica using the alkaline extraction method and the treatment of acids. 20 grams of soil powder were extracted in 100 ml NaOH (3, 5, dan 7M) while stirring and heated at 80 ° C. Next, 250 ml of aquadest was added and filtered using Whatman paper. The filtrate was titrated with 5M HCl while stirring until the pH reached 7. The suspension was maintained at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered, and 5 times with aquadest then dried. The results of the mass study were that the greatest silica was found in 7M NaOH concentration at 1 hour, namely 2.59 grams and vertisol soil in Bringinbendo Village had silica content in the medium category with a proportion of 77.7%.

Obtaining Fermentable Sugars from a Highly Productive Elm Clone Using Different Pretreatments

The interest of supplying lignocellulosic materials for producing fermentable sugars has recently emerged in order to diminish the negative environmental effects of fossil fuels. In this study, the Ulmus minor clone Ademuz, characterized for its tolerance to Dutch elm disease and its rapid growth, was evaluated as a source of fermentable sugars. For that, different pretreatments, comprising autohydrolysis, dilute acid hydrolysis, acid catalyzed organosolv, and alkaline extraction, were evaluated at two levels of severity (pretreatment temperatures at 160 °C and 180 °C, except for alkaline extraction at 80 °C and 160 °C); and the resulting pretreated materials were enzymatically hydrolyzed for fermentable sugars production. The major extraction of lignin and hemicellulose was achieved during organosolv (48.9%, lignin; 77.9%, hemicellulose) and acid hydrolysis (39.2%, lignin; 95.0%, hemicellulose) at 180 °C, resulting in the major enzymatic digestibility (67.7%, organosolv; 53.5% acid hydrolysis). Contrarily, under the most favorable conditions for autohydrolysis (180 °C) and alkaline extraction (160 °C), lower extraction of lignin and hemicellulose was produced (4.8%, lignin; 67.2%, hemicellulose, autohydrolysis; 22.6%, lignin; 33.1%, hemicellulose, alkaline extraction), leading to lower enzymatic digestibility (32.1%, autohydrolysis; 39.2%, alkaline extraction). Taking into account the sugars produced during enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated materials and the solubilized sugars from pretreatment liquors, the highest sugars (glucose and xylose) yield production (28.1%) per gram of biomass from U. minor clone Ademuz was achieved with acid catalyzed organosolv at 180 °C.