Effects of biologically treated bleached-kraft mill effluent before and after mill conversion to increased chlorine dioxide substitution: Results of an experimental streams study

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Haley ◽  
Timothy J. Hall ◽  
Theresa M. Bousquet
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Responses of cytochrome P4501A in freshwater fish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent in experimental stream channels

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Bankey ◽  
Peter A. Van Veld ◽  
Dennis L. Borton ◽  
Larry LaFleur ◽  
John J. Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Cytochrome P4501a ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Experimental Stream

Cytochrome P4501A induction was used to evaluate exposure of fish to bleached kraft mill effluent in experimental stream channels. Immunodetectable P4501A and associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were elevated in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) throughout 263 days of exposure to 8% and 4% effluent from a mill that used 70% chlorine dioxide substitution for chlorine in the pulp bleaching process. In largemouth bass, P4501A was elevated as high as 55-fold over control fish. Large temporal and species variations were observed in enzyme levels and activity. Levels of chlorinated organic compounds present in effluent also varied throughout exposures. However, there was no apparent relationship between P4501A and any of those compounds measured. P4501A and EROD in channel catfish declined to control levels within seven days after transfer of fish to clean water or after terminating introduction of effluent into the channels. In another exposure, induction was observed in largemouth bass at 4 and 12% effluent after the mill began using oxygen in the delignification process and 100% substitution of chlorine dioxide for chlorine.

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Growth Impairment, and Flesh Tainting Potential of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
K. W. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Static and continuous-flow bioassays utilizing juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were conducted on a northern Ontario bleached kraft mill effluent to assess the range of acute toxicity and related sublethal effects. The acute toxicity of the total mill effluent, as determined by static bioassay procedures, ranged from a 96-h LC50 value of 14–49.0% vol/vol. The results of these bioassays depended on testing methodology and effluent treatment systems employed by the mill when samples were collected. Continuous-flow bioassays conducted on the effluent Produced 96-h LC50 values of 21.8 and 24.8% vol/vol. Growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout (1–2 g) held under continuous-flow conditions for 18 days was significantly reduced at 6% vol/vol effluent concentration (P < 0.05). Flavor of yearling rainbow trout [Formula: see text] exposed to 3% effluent for 48 h was significantly impaired (P < 0.05). This effluent concentration, the lowest level impairing flavor represents approximately 0.12 of the 96-h LC50 derived from continuous-flow bioassays. No significant flavor impairment was detected in fish exposed for 144 h to a 2% effluent concentration Flavor impairment at a 3% vol/vol effluent concentration, the most sensitive sublethal response measured in this study, may also be the most critical response when assessing the economic impact of a kraft mill discharge to a freshwater ecosystem.

Decolorization of a kraft mill effluent with fungal mycelium immobilized in calcium alginate gel

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Livernoche ◽  
L. Jurasek ◽  
M. Desrochers ◽  
I. A. Veliky
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Calcium Alginate Gel ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on fish in the St. Maurice River, Quebec

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Denis Thivierge ◽  
Marie-Claude Levesque ◽  
Michelle McWhirter ◽  
Karen Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Multi-component kinetics of activated sludge treatment of bleached kraft mill effluent

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
S.S. Helle ◽  
S.J.B. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

This study investigated the discrepancies between the BOD removal rates measured during short term assays and those measured during continuous activated sludge treatment of bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). A combination of batch tests and fed batch tests with oxygen uptake rate (OUR), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) measurements were used to characterize the degradation rates for the activated sludge treatment of BKME and to divide the soluble readily biodegradable substrate into two to five separate fractions based on biodegradation rates. The removal rates varied by over an order of magnitude between the most readily degradable substrates (1 × 10-3 mg COD/mg MLVSS minute), and the more slowly degradable substrates (2 × 10-5 mg COD/mg MLVSS minute). If the readily biodegradable fraction of BKME was modeled as one substrate, initial rate kinetic measurements from batch tests were heavily influenced by the fractions with the greatest degradation rates, while any remaining BOD in the treated effluent was predominantly from the slowly degradable fraction, giving inconsistent results. Taking the multi-component nature of the wastewater into account, batch test results can be used to predict fed-batch and continuous activated sludge reactor performance.

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