Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) from Canadian Rivers

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac I. Wirgin ◽  
Tun-Liang Ong ◽  
Lorraine Maceda ◽  
John R. Waldman ◽  
David Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Genotype ◽  
The Impact

Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)was analysed to determine the genetic relatedness of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations in tributaries to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Funday. Mitochondrial DNA genotype frequencies were compared with those of striped bass from the Shubenacadie River (Bay of Fundy) and the Miramichi and Tabusintac rivers (Gulf of St. Lawrence). These mtDNA genotype frequencies were compared with those of striped bass representative of the Atlantic coastal migratory stock originating in the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay. Differences in the frequencies of mtDNA length variants permitted discrimination of the Shubenacadie River from the Miramichi River and Tabusintac River populations and all three Canadian populations from the U S. spawned costal migratory stock. No difference in the frequency of mtDNA length variants was observed between Tabusintac River and Miramichi River striped bass. Heteroplasmy for mtDNA length variants was observed in 35% of Gulf of St. Lawrence fish, the highest frequency observed in any striped bass population. These results highlight the genetic heterogeneity of these Canadian striped bass populations and their distinctiveness from U S. stocks. Future efforts to restore these depleted Canadian striped bass populations should consider the impact of stock transfer on endemic striped bass gene pools.

Mixed-stock analysis of Atlantic coast striped bass (Morone saxatilis) using nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA markers

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2814-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac I Wirgin ◽  
John R Waldman ◽  
Lorraine Maceda ◽  
Joseph Stabile ◽  
Victor J Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Mixed Stock Analysis ◽  
Stock Analysis ◽  
Length Variant ◽  
Mixed Stock

Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) stocks comingle along the northeastern United States and Canadian coasts and support mixed-stock fisheries in which stock compositions fluctuate widely. Many approaches to stock analysis of these populations have been tried. The recent use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype frequency data showed promising results, despite low levels of mtDNA variation; to improve resolution, we used a single-copy nuclear DNA (nDNA) probe with two mtDNA markers (major length variants and Taq I variants), alone or in combination. Striped bass reference collections were from the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay, and mixed-stock collections (1989 and 1991) were from eastern Long Island, New York. The combination of the nDNA and mtDNA major length variant data provided lower but still quite high resolution potential (Dst = 0.417) in mixed-stock analysis (1991 collection) than the combination of all three markers (Dst = 0.552). However, unlike the Hudson River stock, the Chesapeake Bay stock is composed of multiple substocks that vary significantly in the frequencies of Taq I variants; this among-substock variation destabilizes the Chesapeake Bay reference data set and the resultant mixed-stock estimates. Thus, we recommend an approach based on composite nDNA and mtDNA major length variant markers.

Activity-related constraints on overwintering young-of-the-year striped bass (Morone saxatilis)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Hurst ◽  
David O Conover
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Young Of The Year

The importance of activity to overwintering fishes has received little attention. Activity imposes two constraints: maximum swimming speed limits habitats that can be occupied for short periods of time, while the metabolic cost of swimming limits the habitats that are suitable for long-term residence. We measured the energetic consequences of activity and maximum swimming speeds of young-of-the-year striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a species that overwinters in tidal estuaries. The energetic cost of swimming was determined from energy changes in unfed fish forced to swim at various speeds, while energy changes in fed fish provided a measure of their ability to offset swimming costs through feeding. In high-velocity treatments, mortality was size-dependent and appeared to be related to fatigue rather than to depletion of energy reserves. The energetic cost of swimming increased with swimming velocity, but fish increased food consumption and thereby met their metabolic needs. In a second experiment the thermal dependence of swimming capacity in winter-acclimated striped bass was measured. Swimming speeds increased with temperature, from 2.7 body lengths (BL)/s at 2°C to 4.8 BL/s at 8 and 11°C, but were considerably below observed flow velocities in the Hudson River, suggesting a need for behavioral or physical refuge from tidal currents. These results indicate the flexibility of energy budgets of overwintering fishes, allowing energetic stress to be minimized by reducing activity or elevating food-consumption rates when sufficient prey are available.

Effects of temperature and salinity on survival of young-of-the-year Hudson River striped bass (Morone saxatilis): implications for optimal overwintering habitats

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Hurst ◽  
David O Conover
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Energetic State ◽  
Young Of The Year

We examined the role of salinity, body size, and energetic state in determining low temperature tolerance of young-of-the-year (YOY) striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and used this information to map optimal overwintering habitat in the Hudson River estuary. A long-term experiment compared survival at 15 ppt and 30 ppt. In additional experiments, winter-acclimated fish were exposed to temperature declines (2.3°C·day–1 to 1°C·week–1) at salinities from 0 ppt to 35 ppt. Highest survival at low temperatures was consistently observed at intermediate salinities. These results suggest that the observed distribution of overwintering striped bass is related to physiological constraints on osmo regulatory ability at low temperatures. Low temperature tolerance appeared unrelated to body size and energetic state. Salinity profiles were used to describe the location and extent of optimal wintering habitats under various hydrographic regimes. The location of optimal habitats was displaced by over 27 km along the river axis because of variation in salinity regime. Changes in the availability of optimal habitat may be responsible for variation in recruitment to the Hudson River population. These results demonstrate the need to consider a holistic approach encompassing all seasons of the year in assessing habitat requirements of fishes.

Winter mortality of young-of-the-year Hudson River striped bass (Morone saxatilis): size-dependent patterns and effects on recruitment

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Hurst ◽  
David O Conover
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Young Of The Year

Winter mortality plays a significant role in the dynamics of some temperate fish populations and has been shown to be size-dependent for some species, but not for others. Our objective was to determine how winter mortality affects the recruitment dynamics of Hudson River striped bass (Morone saxatilis). We used catch-per-unit-effort data from three separate surveys targeting young-of-the-year (YOY), overwintering, and age 1 striped bass. Age 1 abundance was negatively correlated with the severity of winter. In contrast, the abundance of age 0 fish was not correlated with age 1 abundance, suggesting that winter mortality greatly modifies year-class strength. A progressive increase in the mean length of YOY fish, coupled with a decrease in the coefficient of variation in length, occurred during some winters. Laboratory experiments showed that growth in length requires temperatures in excess of 10°C; hence, these changes likely result from selective mortality of smaller fish. Direct evidence of size-dependent mortality was obtained from a laboratory experiment that exposed fish to ambient conditions throughout the winter. Accounting for interannual differences in the severity and size dependency of winter mortality may improve our ability to evaluate striped bass year-class strength in the Hudson River.

Comparison of Logistic Regression and Discriminant Analyses for Stock Identification of Anadromous Fish, with Application to Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) and American Shad (Alosa sapidissima)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Prager ◽  
Mary C. Fabrizio
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
American Shad ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Alosa Sapidissima ◽  
Discriminant Analyses

We examined the applicability of logistic regression to stock identification studies and compared its performance on two data sets to that of linear and quadratic discriminant functions. Logistic regression can be used to model a categorical dependent variable associated with continuous or discrete independent variables, and is preferred to discriminant analyses when the explanatory variables are not multivariate normal. Our examples were American shad (Alosa sapidissima) from the Connecticut River and Hudson River estuaries, and striped bass (Morone Saxatilis) from the Hudson River, Chesapeake Bay, and Roanoke River estuaries. In the examples we used a resampling method to assess classification and allocation errors of the two methods on new data. For the shad data, the logistic model classified significantly more fish correctly, and provided a significantly better estimate of stock composition. For the striped bass data, the two methods classified about the same proportion of fish correctly, but the logistic model gave a significantly better estimate of stock composition.

Impact of age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) predation on age-0 fishes in the Hudson River estuary: evidence for density-dependent loss of juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis)

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A Buckel ◽  
David O Conover ◽  
Nancy D Steinberg ◽  
Kim A McKown
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Hudson River Estuary ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Density Dependent

We measured bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) weights, densities, and prey sizes during the summers of 1992 and 1993 and diets over a 4-year period (1990-1993) in the Hudson River estuary. This information was used to estimate the loss of young-of-the-year (YOY) striped bass (Morone saxatilis) resulting from YOY bluefish predation. We then compared this predation mortality with the total loss of striped bass in the system. Data from sampling surveys conducted since the mid-1970's were used to examine relationships between bluefish abundance and striped bass recruitment levels. YOY striped bass, bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), and Alosa spp. dominated YOY bluefish diets. There were ontogenetic and interannual differences in YOY bluefish diets. Bluefish avoided striped bass at low densities but selected for them at high densities, suggesting a density-dependent feeding response. In the early summer of 1993, bluefish predation accounted for 50-100% of the total estimated loss of YOY striped bass. A significant negative correlation exists between the relative magnitude of striped bass recruitment and bluefish abundance. We conclude that YOY bluefish are important predators of estuarine fish and can have a substantial impact on their recruitment.

Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Three Species of Stizostedion (Percidae): Phylogenetic and Zoogeographical Implications

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Billington ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert ◽  
Robert D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
The North

The percid genus Stizostedion consists of five species, three in Europe and two in North America, and is believed to have evolved in Europe and then later colonized North America. Three hypotheses exist concerning the route and timing of this colonization: a Miocene Atlantic "riverine" route; a Pliocene Beringian route; and a late-Pleistocene Atlantic route. To test these hypotheses, allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation were compared in three Stizostedion species, S. canadense and S. vitreum from North America, and S. lucioperca from Europe, to determine their genetic relatedness. Divergence times between S. canadense and S. vitreum were estimated as 3.12 ± 1.33 million years before present (MYBP) from allozyme data and 4.06 ± 0.73 MYBP for mtDNA data, while divergence times between the North American species and S. lucioperca were 10.59 ± 2.74 MYBP and 7.86 ± 1.18 MYBP, respectively. These results are concordant with the hypothesis that colonization of North America by Stizostedion occurred during the Pliocene via Beringia.

Karyotypic Analysis of the Hudson River Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

Copeia ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 1978 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Rachlin ◽  
Andrew P. Beck ◽  
Joseph M. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis
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