Production of Hexagenia limbata (Serville) and Ephemera simulans Walker (Ephemeroptera) in Dauphin Lake, Manitoba, with a Note on Weight Loss due to Preservatives

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Heise ◽  
John F. Flannagan ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Instantaneous Growth ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata ◽  
Growth Methods

Annual production and biomass of Hexagenia limbata (Serville) and Ephemera simulans Walker were estimated from samples taken from May through September of 1982 and 1983 in Dauphin Lake, Manitoba. The size–frequency estimates (± 2 SE) of production for H. limbata were 12.6 ± 2.68 g/m2 (wet weight) in, 1982 and 10.1 ± 2.10 g/m2 in 1983. Instantaneous growth production estimates were 9.51 and 9.76 g/m21982) and 9.49 and 8.55 g/m2 (1983) based on life history interpretations of four versus seven cohorts, respectively. Elucidation of complex life histories involving overlapping cohorts may not be necessary in order to make accurate production estimates for similar semivoltine populations. Annual [Formula: see text] ratios for H. limbata ranged from 1.68 to 2.38. Production estimates for E. simulans in 1983 were 9.02 ± 3.10 and 9.90 g/m2, using the size–frequency and instantaneous growth methods, respectively. Hexagenia limbata weight loss due to preservation in 10% formalin followed by 75% ethanol resulted in a production underestimate of 25%. Length changes of H. limbata in the same preservatives were not significant (p > 0.05). Hexagenia limbata was found at all stations having a silt/clay component. Ephemera simulans was found only on a matrix substrate of clay, silt, sand and gravel.

Life Histories of Hexagenia limbata and Ephemera simulans (Ephemeroptera) in Dauphin Lake, Manitoba

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Heise ◽  
John F. Flannagan ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Andrographolida Tanaman Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) Akibat Perbedaan Dosis Pupuk Guano

Rekayasa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Diana Nurus Sholehah ◽  
Rohmad Suci Murdianto
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat unggulan Indonesia selain temulawak, mengkudu, pegagan, lidah buaya, lada, dan kunyit. Peningkatan produktivitas sambiloto dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan teknik budidaya melalui sistem pemupukan.  Kajian aplikasi pupuk guano terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi dan kandungan andgrographolida pada tanaman sambiloto terbatas, sehingga perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk guano terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan andrographolida pada tanaman sambiloto. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Trunojoyo Madura pada bulan Januari - April 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan perlakuan 6 taraf dosis pupuk guano dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan dosis pupuk guano per hektar meliputi G0 (control/tanpa pupuk guano), G1 (5 ton), G2 (7.5 ton), G3 (10 ton), G4 (12.5 ton), dan G5 (15 ton). Pada setiap percobaan terdapat 6 tanaman dengan rincian 3 tanaman sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemupukan guano pada dosis 15 ton/ha (G5) memberikan hasil terbaik untuk parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat basah total dan berat kering total tanaman. Kandungan andrographolida (%) tertinggi diperoleh pada dosis pupuk guano 7.5 ton/ha (G2), sedangkan produksi andrograpolida (mg) tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan G4 (dosis pupuk guano 12.5 ton/ha).Response of Growth and Production of Srographic Andrographolida Plants (Andrographis paniculata Nees) Due to Differences in Guano Fertilizer Doses Bitter plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) including one featured Indonesian medicinal plants in addition to ginger, noni, gotu kola, aloe vera, pepper, and turmeric. Increased productivity is bitter to do with the improvement of farming techniques through a system of fertilization. Study of guano fertilizer application on the growth, production, and content andrographolide the bitter plant is limited, so it is necessary to know the effect of guano fertilizer on the growth and content of the plant andrographolide bitter. This research was conducted at the experiment station Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University Trunojoyo Madura at January-April 2016 by using a completely randomized design (RAL) non-factorial with 4 replications consisting of G0 (control/without guano fertilizer), G1 ( fertilizer guano 5 tons/ha) G2 (7.5 tons/ha), G3 (10 tons/ha), G4 (12.5 tons/ha) and G5 (15 tons/ha) on each trial there are 6 plants with details of 3 plants in the sample. The results showed that the guano fertilizer at a dose of 15 tons/ha (G5) can be increased plant height, leaf number, leaf area, total wet weight, and total dry weight. The highest content of andrographolide obtained at doses of 7.5 tons/ha (G2) of guano fertilizer, while the highest yield of andrographolide obtained at doses 12.5 tons/ha of guano fertilizer (G4).

Life history and production of Ephoron album (Say) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcidae) in the Valley River, Manitoba

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1668-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Giberson ◽  
T. D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Instantaneous Growth Rate ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Instantaneous Growth ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
Valley River

Ephoron album was the dominant summer mayfly in shallow riffles in the agricultural zone of the Valley River, Manitoba, in 1982 and 1983. There was one generation per year; eggs deposited in August hatched in late May of the following year and nymphs developed rapidly during the summer months. The eggs required a cold period to promote hatching and hatching success of eggs treated in the laboratory at −2 °C for varying periods of time was positively correlated to the length of the exposure period. No eggs hatched following exposure to 4 or 10 °C. Production for 1982 was estimated by four methods for the production interval of only 72 days: the instantaneous growth rate method (1.32 ± 0.44 g fresh dry weight∙m−2∙year−1), the Allen curve method (1.32 g∙m−2∙year−1), the removal – summation method (1.43 ± 0.41 g∙m−2∙year−1), and the size–frequency method (1.48 ± 0.51 g∙m−2∙year−1). Confidence intervals (95%) were calculated using the method of C. C. Krueger and F. B. Martin for the size–frequency estimate of production and by bootstrapping for the removal–summation and instantaneous growth estimates.

Gut Sediments in a Burrowing Mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Hexagenia limbata): Their Contribution to Animal Trace Element Burdens, Their Removal, and the Efficacy of a Correction for Their Presence

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landis Hare ◽  
Peter G. C. Campbell ◽  
André Tessier ◽  
Nelson Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
No Weight Loss ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata ◽  
Burrowing Mayfly

Nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia limbata were collected in the field, returned to the laboratory, and dissected to remove the gut contents. Concentrations of four trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Zn) were determined both for the gut contents and for the body. Trace elements in gut contents represented up to 22% of whole animal trace element burdens. Studies of depuration of H. limbata nymphs held in water for up to 48 h indicate that individuals vary substantially in the rate at which they egest gut contents and that 48 h is not sufficient to ensure a complete emptying of the gut. A model developed to compensate for the presence of gut contents in the determination of body trace element burdens was applied to H. limbata. Comparisons of model estimates with actual body burdens (without gut contents) show that the model accurately predicts As and Cu concentrations, but overestimates concentrations of Cd and Zn by as much as 20%. We suggest that the biases in the model result from assuming that: (a) trace element concentrations in gut sediments are equivalent to those in sediments sampled from the animal's surroundings, and (b) there is no weight loss of gut contents during sample digestion (a two-thirds weight loss of gut contents was in fact observed). These biases may be minimized by, respectively: (a) measuring trace element burdens of gut contents and (b) compensating for weight loss of gut contents during digestion.

Life histories and population structure of Pennsylvanian brachiopods from north-central Texas as determined from size-frequency analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Cate ◽  
I. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
North Central ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
North Central Texas ◽  
Central Texas

Paleoecological analysis of three attached spiriferid species (Punctospirifer kentuckyensis, Crurithyris planoconvexa, and Hustedia mormoni) and six free-living chonetid brachiopod species (Chonetinella flemingi, Chonetinella verneuiliana, Lissochonetes geinitzianus, Mesolobus mesolobus, Neochonetes fragilis, and Quadrochonetes geronticus) from Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian strata of north-central Texas has been undertaken using, in part, population dynamics information derived initially from size-frequency distributions. The brachiopod populations in this study are believed to represent in situ assemblages formed by noncatastrophic mortality. Spiriferid species occurred in large populations characterized by positively skewed size-frequency distributions in which few individuals attained the maximum potential size reported for a given species. Chonetid species, in contrast, occurred in smaller numbers characterized by negatively to low positively skewed size-frequency distributions in which greater numbers of individuals attained maximum potential size.The differences observed in the population structure of these two groups can best be explained as reflecting different adaptive lifestyle strategies that are shared at the ordinal level. Morphological features common to chonetid species enabled individuals to live freely at the sediment-water interface and perhaps reorient their position if disturbed. Based on size-frequency analysis, low-density populations of chonetids appear to produce relatively larger numbers of survivors in the adult and maximum size classes. Spiriferids were constrained to attachment surfaces occupied at the time of larval settlement, and individuals presumably had no mechanism to regain life position if overturned or if this surface became unstable. These physical limitations seem to be reflected in a population structure in which higher density populations were required to overcome the high mortality rates incurred by individuals. This appears to be a case in which size-frequency distributions have not been significantly altered by taphonomic overprint and in which size-frequency analysis can be used to detect differences in the life histories and population structure of brachiopod species.

Production ecology of Hexagenia limbata in Savanne Lake, Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2317-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Riklik ◽  
Walter T. Momot
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Production Ecology ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Water Lake ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata

The population dynamics of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia limbata was examined in Savanne Lake, a small, shallow, dark-water lake in northwestern Ontario. Hexagenia limbata in Savanne Lake has a 2-year life cycle with a larger cohort emerging on alternate years. The mean biomass [Formula: see text] varied from 0.36 g/m2 (wet weight) to 2.98 g/m2, while mean numbers varied from 34/m2 to 121/m2. Annual production (P) was calculated from samples collected monthly during the period of growth for 1979 and 1980. The Allen curve, instantaneous growth, and size frequency methods estimated annual production as 4.80, 4.78, and 5.59 g/m2 (wet weight), respectively. The corresponding annual P/B ratios calculated by the three methods were 2.1, 2.1, and 2.6.

Riparian gravel banks of upland and lowland rivers in Victoria (south-east Australia): arthropod community structure and life-history patterns along a longitudinal gradient

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker W. Framenau ◽  
Randolf Manderbach ◽  
Martin Baehr
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Lowland Rivers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Typical Habitat ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Riparian sand and gravel banks are inhabited by a fauna that is well adapted to varying river water levels and frequent inundation of the banks. Arthropods found in these habitats were studied from November 1998 to January 1999 in the upper and lower floodplains of the main rivers and tributaries in ten major catchments in the Victorian Alps. Wolf spiders (Lycosidae, 68%) and ground beetles (Carabidae, 7.8%) were the most abundant arthropods, with densities averaging 14.6 ± 1.8 (s.e.) and 2.3 ± 0.4 individuals m–2 respectively. Species composition and wolf spider densities changed substantially between upland and lowland rivers. These differences correspond with changes in altitude, shading, and gravel and gravel bank size. Comparison of our results with similar studies conducted in temperate Northern Hemisphere floodplains showed significant differences. Carabidae, not Lycosidae, are the dominant arthropod group in Northern Hemisphere floodplains. Wolf spider densities are higher in upper than lower reaches of rivers in the Victorian Alps, but do not change along rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, carabid beetles showed similar densities between upland and lowland floodplains in Victoria, but increase in density along rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. A second, monthly sampling program on gravel banks along the Avon River (Gippsland) over a one-year period in 1996 and 1997 provided information on the life histories of eight common gravel-bank arthropods: Venatrix lapidosa, V. arenaris, two undescribed Artoria species (‘A’, ‘B’) (Lycosidae), Eudalia macleayi, Elaphropus ovensensis, Perileptus constricticeps and an unidentified Loxandrus species (‘B’) (Carabidae). Artoria sp. A and sp. B are diplochronous. Despite its smaller size, Artoria sp. B matured one month after Artoria sp. A. Lower temperatures at upland streams and rivers, the typical habitat for Artoria sp. B, may delay its development in comparison with Artoria sp. A, which is generally found further downstream. The life histories of both lycosid spiders and carabid beetles, characterised by prolonged reproductive period and short larval development, appear to have some adaptive value in regard to the disturbance-prone environment.

scholarly journals The effect of dissolved oxygen on microgreen productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Alexander Grishin ◽  
Andrey Grishin ◽  
Natalia Semenova ◽  
Vladimir Grishin ◽  
Inna Knyazeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The effect of oxygen dissolved in water was researched (1.3 mg/l – without saturation, 6.1 mg/l – air saturation, 14.7 mg/l – oxygen saturation) on the microgreen productivity of “Ivolga” variety wheat of and ‘Aida’ variety lentils. It was found that the enrichment of water for seed germination with oxygen stimulates the speedy germination and receipt of wheat and lentils sprouts 1 day faster than in the variant without saturation. An increase in oxygen concentration contributes to the rapid root system growth of the researched cultures, stimulates the formation of 2 order roots, accelerates the development of the overhead plant parts without dry weight loss. On the 7th day of cultivation, the wet weight of wheat increased by 21% in the variant with air saturation and 56% with oxygen saturation, wet weight of lentils – by 57% and 77%, respectively. Both a deficiency and an excess of oxygen in water can adversely affect the content of basic pigments. Therefore, it is necessary to select the species composition of cultures for composing multicomponent mixtures, to obtain higher microgreen quality when grown on oxygen-rich solutions.

scholarly journals Cataclysmic Disturbances to an Intertidal Ecosystem: Loss of Ecological Infrastructure Slows Recovery of Biogenic Habitats and Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Schiel ◽  
Shawn Gerrity ◽  
Shane Orchard ◽  
Tommaso Alestra ◽  
Robyn A. Dunmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Ecological Infrastructure ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Face ◽  
Shifting Sand ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Understanding the resilience and recovery processes of coastal marine ecosystems is of increasing importance in the face of increasing disturbances and stressors. Large-scale, catastrophic events can re-set the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and potentially lead to different stable states. Such an event occurred in south-eastern New Zealand when a Mw 7.8 earthquake lifted the coastline by up to 6 m. This caused widespread mortality of intertidal algal and invertebrate communities over 130 km of coast. This study involved structured and detailed sampling of three intertidal zones at 16 sites nested into four degree of uplift (none, 0.4–1, 1.5–2.5, and 4.5–6 m). Recovery of large brown algal assemblages, the canopy species of which were almost entirely fucoids, were devastated by the uplift, and recovery after 4 years was generally poor except at sites with < 1 m of uplift. The physical infrastructural changes to reefs were severe, with intertidal emersion temperatures frequently above 35°C and up to 50°C, which was lethal to remnant populations and recruiting algae. Erosion of the reefs composed of soft sedimentary rocks was severe. Shifting sand and gravel covered some lower reef areas during storms, and the nearshore light environment was frequently below compensation points for algal production, especially for the largest fucoid Durvillaea antarctica/poha. Low uplift sites recovered much of their pre-earthquake assemblages, but only in the low tidal zone. The mid and high tidal zones of all uplifted sites remained depauperate. Fucoids recruited well in the low zone of low uplift sites but then were affected by a severe heat wave a year after the earthquake that reduced their cover. This was followed by a great increase in fleshy red algae, which then precluded recruitment of large brown algae. The interactions of species’ life histories and the altered physical and ecological infrastructure on which they rely are instructive for attempts to lessen manageable stressors in coastal environments and help future-proof against the effects of compounded impacts.

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