Foreign Language Lexicons Used in Indonesian Housing Names: A Peircean Semiotics Overview

Housing belongs to human basic need since to live properly they need a place to stay. Housing names in Indonesia employ not only Bahasa Indonesia but also foreign language because some foreign lexicons are used in Indonesian housing names. Semiotically, names are symbols that carry meaning in certain context. Indonesian housing names are interesting language phenomena since they reveal the use of language as a social praxis. Legally, the use of language in public space is governed by Indonesian Law No.24, Year 2009 on flag, language, national symbols, and national anthem. In fact, Indonesian housing names do not fully follow the law because foreign language lexicons are also used in Indonesian housing names. This research employed 2000 Indonesian housing names and collected during January 2017 until May 2017. Data indicated that there were lexicons from three foreign languages, namely, English, Spanish, and Arabic. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research. In-depth interview was also utilized to gain deeper information why developers use certain lexicons. Developers believed that names are supposed to be beneficial and bring luck. Using Peircean semiotic, this qualitative research reveals that lexicons used in Indonesian housing names are used to show place name (Baturraden, Citayam, Batam, Surabaya), settlement (cassa, village, residence, estate, city, garden, hill, valley, river, lake), greatness (grand, grande, great, royal, big), positivity (blossom, lucky, oase, firdaus, sakinah, paradise), preciousness (emerald, platinum, diamond, golden, stone), environmental awareness (green color), purity (white color, jasmine), warmth (red rose), and love (red color, orchid, lily, tulip).

Using Stable Isotopes to Determine the Water Balance of Utah Lake (Utah, USA)

To investigate the hydrology of Utah Lake, we analyzed the hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotope composition of water samples collected from the various components of its system. The average δ2H and δ18O values of the inlets are similar to the average values of groundwater, which in turn has a composition that is similar to winter precipitation. This suggests that snowmelt-fed groundwater is the main source of Utah Valley river waters. In addition, samples from the inlets plot close to the local meteoric water line, suggesting that no significant evaporation is occurring in these rivers. In contrast, the lake and its outlet have higher average δ-values than the inlets and plot along evaporation lines, suggesting the occurrence of significant evaporation. Isotope data also indicate that the lake is poorly mixed horizontally, but well mixed vertically. Calculations based on mass balance equations provide estimates for the percentage of input water lost by evaporation (~47%), for the residence time of water in the lake (~0.5 years), and for the volume of groundwater inflow (~700 million m3) during the period April to November. The short water residence time and the high percentage of total inflow coming from groundwater might suggest that the lake is more susceptible to groundwater pollution than to surface water pollution.

EVALUATION OF PROMISING AND COMMERCIAL SUGARCANE CLONES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN THAL AND SOUTHERN PUNJAB

Topographical areas better adapted for sugar cane cultivation must be identified and preserved, for this study Indus valley river delta in South Punjab represents promising features for prosperous sugarcane cultivation (lower water pumping costs due to higher water tables, sugarcane being flood resistant crop in Pakistan. Eight sugarcane varieties and eight promising clones were grown on different locations in Punjab at farmer’s field using RCBD with three replications. The objective of this study is to evaluate varieties under different ecological zones. These clones were tested for their proficiency at four different locations during 2018-19. The “Thal” and Southern Punjab viz; 142/TDA Lalazar Layyah, Indus Sugar mills Rajanpur, Ashraf Sugar Mills Bahawalpur and Adam Sugar Mills Chishtian. The data on germination %, tillers / plants, Number of mill able canes, canes yield tones/ ha and commercial cane sugar (CCS) were recorded during the course of study. It is obvious from pooled mean of four locations that cane yield of clone S2002-US-133 gave 84.13 % higher cane yield as compared the check variety CPF 248 as far as CCS% is concerned, sugarcane clones S200-US-633 and S200-US-133 gave the higher sugar recovery that is 15.31 % & 15.23 % respectively more than check variety. Whereas S200-US-658 and HSF240 have the lowest CCS% 1.22 & 1.14 % less than check.

Heavy Metal Assessment of Kavre Valley Basin River System

Recent population growth, industrialization and unplanned urbanization have led to an increase in untreated waste disposal directly to the river system, including heavy metals. The present investigation was conducted for assessment of heavy metals in the Kavre valley river basin system. Through this basin, two major rivers Punyamata and Roshi along with their tributaries, flow passing through cities (Banepa, Shree Khandapur and Panauti) and the heavy metals selected were Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd). Seven sites were selected on the basis of city size and meeting point of tributaries. Fe, Cr and Mn were examined using UV-spectrophotometry whereas Pb, Zn and Cd were determined using AAS. The highest concentration of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cd, Zn, Pb were determined to be 1.9 μg/L, 22.6 μg/L, 514 μg/L, 340 μg/L, 20 μg/L, 80 μg/L, respectively, with Fe, Cd and Pb exceeding the WHO limits.

Asymmetry and symmetry of valley-river of landscape and technical systems

The aim of the article is to consider the manifestation of landscape asymmetry and symmetry within the valley-river landscape and technical systems, which are confined to the flat part of Right-Bank Ukraine, on the basis of a generalized spatial and temporal analysis. Methods. The study is based on the ideas of F. M. Milkov on anthropogenic landscapes and «Pierre Curie principles»: the universality of symmetry, the forced symmetry and dynamism of symmetry, which were adapted in physical geography. Scientific novelty. In practice, application of the principles of symmetry and asymmetry has been widely implemented in landscape design and architecture in the design and construction of gardening landscape. In modern Ukrainian landscape science, this issue is only beginning to be considered at both theoretical, and practical levels. Individual publications are devoted to this problem, but there is no detailed research where asymmetry and symmetry of valley-river landscape and technical systems would be analyzed. Practical value is determined by the introduction into the practice of working with landscape and technical systems of universal principles of symmetry and asymmetry, which will make it possible to find effective ways of rational use of natural resources. Research results. It was noted that in the study of landscape and technical systems in them it is worth to distinguish elements of symmetry and asymmetry – auxiliary geometric images (points, lines, planes) in respect of which equal parts of geographical objects are repeated in a certain way. In complex landscape and technical systems basic engineering structures often play the role of such geometric images. It is noted that the leading role in the formation of the asymmetry of valley-river landscapes is played by the anthropogenic factor. Under its influence, natural landscape asymmetry can radically change. Depending on the development stages of landscape and technical systems, possible variants of landscape asymmetry and symmetry transformation from natural to anthropogenic are analyzed. On the example of valley-river landscape and technical systems of Right-Bank Ukraine (reservoirs, ponds, canals and bridges), manifestations of anthropogenic landscape asymmetry and symmetry are considered. Based on our own field research and spatial and temporal analysis of the economic development of river valleys of Right-Bank Ukraine, a model for the development of a typical pond valley-river landscape and technical system in the Southern Bug basin was developed, where one can observe the process of landscape asymmetry complication in various respects. The most typical variant of transformation is the one in which the natural landscape asymmetry changes into anthropogenic and manifests itself at all stages of development. It is concluded that the violation of geometric images of valley-river landscape and technical systems occurs as a result of the ineffective activity of the control unit. Consideration of individual properties of asymmetry and symmetry of valley-river landscape and technical systems is necessary for solving many problems associated with environmental management and the optimization of such systems. To this end, it is necessary to increase the attention of modern geographers and landscape scholars to study the problems of the influence of asymmetry and symmetry on the structure, dynamics and stability of landscape and technical systems.