Spawning Migration of Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Carrying External and Internal Radio Transmitters

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1060-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Gray ◽  
James M. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
And Control

Upstream movements of radio-tagged and control adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were monitored during spring and fall 1976 and spring 1977 in the lower Snake River, southeastern Washington. Travel time from point of fish release and percent return to upstream trapping facilities were compared for experimental and control fish. Experimental fish carried anchor tags, and either external or internal radio transmitters. Control fish carried anchor tags only. Chinook salmon that lost external transmitters moved upriver more slowly than control fish although percent returns to upriver trapping facilities were similar. Travel times and percent returns of chinook salmon that retained external transmitters did not differ significantly from those of control fish. Although some salmon tagged with internal transmitters moved upriver, all failed to cross Little Goose Dam 6.5 km from the release site. Most internally tagged salmon eventually swam downstream. Key words: chinook salmon, biotelemetry, behavior, migration, radiotelemetry, bioengineering

Repeat sexual maturation of precocious male chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) transferred to seawater

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Bernier ◽  
Daniel D. Heath ◽  
David J. Randall ◽  
George K. Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
And Control

Precocious sexual maturation in salmonid parr occurs under both wild and culture conditions. We investigated the possibility of repeat maturation in precocious chinook salmon parr from the Nicola River, British Columbia. Precocious and immature (control) yearling parr were reared in fresh water from March 1990 to mid-June, and then transferred to salt water (29–30 ppt) until September 1990. The precocious parr were significantly larger than the controls from March to July and there were no differences in relative growth rate between the groups throughout the study. Total mortalities were 45.7 and 5.9% for precocious and control fish, respectively. All of the precocious, but none of the control fish, produced milt in March in fresh water. None of the fish produced milt soon after the transfer to salt water in June, but all precocious fish and 18.8% of the controls produced milt in September. There were no significant differences in the average plasma concentrations of Na+, Cl−, and cortisol between groups in September, suggesting that both precocious parr and control groups were saltwater competent. These data demonstrate that male precocious chinook salmon parr have the physiological capability to mature more than once in seawater.

Analysis of straying variation in Alaskan hatchery chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following transplantation

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J Hard ◽  
William R Heard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Substantial Variation

In 1976 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gametes from the Chickamin and Unuk rivers in southeastern Alaska were transplanted 250 km to establish hatchery runs at Little Port Walter (LPW), Baranof Island. From 1977 to 1989, 1 862 058 marked smolts from 12 broods were released from LPW. Homing and straying were estimated from adult recoveries at 25 locations in Alaska and British Columbia between 1981 and 1989. Of 22 198 LPW fish recovered over this period, 21 934 (98.8%) were collected at LPW. Of 264 fish recovered elsewhere, 38.3% were within 7 km of LPW; 64.4% were within 25 km of LPW. No LPW fish were recovered from the ancestral rivers, but nine fish were recovered from rivers supporting wild chinook salmon. Straying declined with distance from the release site but varied between hatcheries and streams. Straying declined with increasing age and run size. Straying was similar between the populations but varied among broods, and analysis of straying in experimental groups provided evidence for a heritable component. Males strayed more often than females. Population, gender, run size, and recovery age interacted to produce substantial variation in straying, indicating that run composition can produce complex straying responses.

Predator avoidance ability of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) subjected to sublethal exposures of gas-supersaturated water

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Mesa ◽  
J J Warren
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

To assess the effects of gas bubble trauma (GBT) on the predator avoidance ability of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we created groups of fish that differed in prevalence and severity of gas emboli in their lateral lines, fins, and gills by exposing them to 112% total dissolved gas (TDG) for 13 days, 120% TDG for 8 h, or 130% TDG for 3.5 h. We subjected exposed and unexposed control fish simultaneously to predation by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) in water of normal gas saturation in 6, 18, and 10 tests using prey exposed to 112, 120, and 130% TDG, respectively. Only fish exposed to 130% TDG showed a significant increase in vulnerability to predation. The signs of GBT exhibited by fish sampled just prior to predator exposure were generally more severe in fish exposed to 130% TDG, which had the most extensive occlusion of the lateral line and gill filaments with gas emboli. Fish exposed to 112% TDG had the most severe signs of GBT in the fins. Our results suggest that fish showing GBT signs similar to those of our fish exposed to 130% TDG, regardless of their precise exposure history, may be more vulnerable to predation.

Stimulation of Plasma Thyroxine Levels by Novel Water Chemistry during Smoltification in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Hoffnagle ◽  
Albert J. Fivizzani
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Artificial Photoperiod ◽  
Stimulation Of

The separate influences of changes in water chemistry and flow rate on plasma thyroxine levels were assessed in a freshwater population of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) undergoing smoltification. Fish subjected to a change in water source had plasma thyroxine levels significantly greater than those of controls on several sampling dates. Maximum levels were observed 10 d after water change. Conversely, plasma thyroxine levels in fish for which the flow rate was increased showed little change and were never significantly different from controls. Plasma thyroxine levels were greater in fish held under a natural rather than artificial photoperiod but the patterns of change were similar in the two groups. Control fish transported to a new hatchery and novel water source attained plasma thyroxine levels which were even greater than those of novel water-exposed fish at the original hatchery. The results indicated that altered water chemistry rather than increased flow rate was the stimulus for the elevation in plasma thyroxine levels associated with smoltification in these chinook salmon.

Roles of Olfaction and Vision in Choice of Spawning Site by Homing Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B. Groves ◽  
Gerald B. Collins ◽  
Parker S. Trefethen
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Spawning Site

An experiment was conducted to examine the roles of olfaction and vision in directing the choice of spawning site by homing adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the lower Columbia River. Male fish that voluntarily entered the Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery were treated to occlude their olfactory or visual senses or both. Treated and untreated (control) fish were released upstream and downstream in the river, more than 19 km from the hatchery. Effects were assessed by analyzing returns to the hatchery and to other points.Of 866 fish released, 348 or 40% were recovered; about half of them, or 176 returned to Spring Creek. Three per cent of the olfactory occluded, 23% of the visually occluded, and 46% of the control fish returned to Spring Creek. Of the fish recovered elsewhere, 77% were recovered at hatcheries and spawn-taking sites along the lower Columbia; 23% were recovered from sources unrelated to spawn taking.Olfaction appeared to be the key sense that directed the return of these fish to Spring Creek; vision was held to be less important. Olfactory occlusion also reduced the recoveries at other spawn-taking sites, where blinded fish were recovered in appreciable numbers. Recovery of the control fish, especially the smaller ones, at other spawn-taking sites was associated with advancing sexual maturity.

Effects of surgically and gastrically implanted radio transmitters on swimming performance and predator avoidance of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S Adams ◽  
Dennis W Rondorf ◽  
Scott D Evans ◽  
Joseph E Kelly ◽  
Russell W Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Radiotelemetry data are often used to make inferences about an entire study population; therefore, the transmitter attachment method should be the one that least affects the study animal. Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) <120 mm in fork length (FL) with either gastrically or surgically implanted transmitters had significantly lower critical swimming speeds than control fish 1 and 19-23 days after tagging. For fish >120 mm FL, fish with gastric implants swam as well as controls 1 day but not 19-23 days after tagging. In contrast, fish with surgical implants swam as well as controls 19-23 days but not 1 day after tagging. During predation trials, fish with gastric or surgical implants were eaten by smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in significantly greater numbers than controls. We do not recommend implanting transmitters (representing 4.6-10.4% of the fish's body weight) in fish <120 mm FL. Furthermore, surgical implants (representing 2.2-5.6% of the fish's body weight) may be the preferred method for biotelemetry studies of juvenile chinook salmon >120 mm FL.

Comparison of Spawning Areas and Times for Two Runs of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Kenai River, Alaska

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl V. Burger ◽  
Richard L. Wilmot ◽  
David B. Wangaard
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Radio Transmitters

From 1979 to 1982,188 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were tagged with radio transmitters to locate spawning areas in the glacial Kenai River, southcentral Alaska. Results confirmed that an early run entered the river in May and June and spawned in tributaries, and a late run entered the river from late June through August and spawned in the main stem. Spawning peaked during August in tributaries influenced by lakes, but during July in other tributaries. Lakes may have increased fall and winter temperatures of downstream waters, enabling successful reproduction for later spawning fish within these tributaries. This hypothesis assumes that hatching and emergence can be completed in a shorter time in lake-influenced waters. The time of upstream migration and spawning (mid- to late August) of the late run is unique among chinook stocks in Cook Inlet. This behavior may have developed only because two large lakes (Kenai and Skilak) directly influence the main-stem Kenai River. If run timing is genetically controlled, and if the various components of the two runs are isolated stocks that have adapted to predictable stream temperatures, there are implications for stock transplantation programs and for any activities of man that alter stream temperatures.

Vulnerability to predation and physiological stress responses in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) experimentally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1599-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G Mesa ◽  
Thomas P Poe ◽  
Alec G Maule ◽  
Carl B Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

We experimentally infected juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), to examine the vulnerability to predation of fish with differing levels of Rs infection and assess physiological change during progression of the disease. Immersion challenges conducted during 1992 and 1994 produced fish with either a low to moderate (1992) or high (1994) infection level of Rs during the 14-week postchallenge rearing period. When equal numbers of treatment and unchallenged control fish were subjected to predation by either northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), Rs-challenged fish were eaten in significantly greater numbers than controls by nearly two to one. In 1994, we also sampled fish every 2 weeks after the challenge to determine some stressful effects of Rs infection. During disease progression in fish, plasma cortisol and lactate increased significantly whereas glucose decreased significantly. Our results indicate the role that BKD may play in predator-prey interactions, thus ascribing some ecological significance to this disease beyond that of direct pathogen-related mortality. In addition, the physiological changes observed in our fish during the chronic progression of BKD indicate that this disease is stressful, particularly during the later stages.

Respiratory Response of Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Striped Bass Exposed to Benzene, a Water-Soluble Component of Crude Oil

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Brocksen ◽  
Howard T. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

ABSTRACT Interest surrounding the potential effects of crude oil on aquatic organisms has increased in recent years due to the incidence of accidental oil spills. There are few experimental results reported, however, dealing with the effect on aquatic species of water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons contained in crude oil. Such compounds are highly toxic to mammals. Experiments were conducted using juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis. The fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of the aromatic hydrocarbon benzene, for periods ranging from 1–96 hours. Prior to exposure, and after exposure to the benzene, respiration rates of individual fish were measured. Results show increases in respiratory rate up to 115 percent above that of control fish after exposure periods of 24 hours for striped bass and 48 hours for chinook salmon. Fish exposed to benzene concentrations of 10 ppm for periods longer than those listed exhibited a narcosis that caused a decrease in respiratory rate. The narcotic state induced by exposure to benzene was shown to be reversible when the fish were placed in fresh water and kept for periods longer than 6 days. Possible biochemical mechanisms leading to this response are hypothesized.

scholarly journals Effects of surgically implanted dummy transmitters on the South American catfish Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
High Water ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

High water temperatures and low water quality may negatively influence wound healing, growth and transmitter retention in radio-tagged fish of tropical and subtropical water bodies which in turn may hamper radio tracking studies. For a period of 90 days, we compared growth of an experimental group of ten Rhamdia quelen, which were submitted to intraperitoneal dummy transmitter implantation, with that of a control group. Additionally, wound healing and transmitter expulsion were observed in the experimental group. Water temperature varied between 24°C and 30°C during the study. Experimental group and control fish decreased in body weight during the investigation period, but the differences between the mean individual weight loss in both groups were not significant (Student t-test, p = 0.64). Wound healing in experiment group fish was advanced after 14 days, while after 70 days eight out of ten incision wounds were closed and cicatrized. One fish had its dummy transmitter expulsed through the ventral body wall. After 90 days two more fish had the dummies expulsed, one through the ventral body wall and the other through the antenna exit. One experimental group fish died with visible signs of infection. The results encourage the use of surgically implanted radio transmitters for long-term tagging studies at high water temperatures.

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