Alternative Sampling Device for Aquatic Organisms

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Polyethylene Tube ◽  
Bow Wave ◽  
Quantitative Sample

Problems of obtaining quantitative samples of aquatic organisms via conventional devices are discussed and an alternative sampler based on the presumed mechanics of cetacean feeding is proposed. A polyethylene tube mounted on a light frame that minimizes the bow wave envelops a column of water and permits its filtration. Key words: avoidance, bow wave, plankton, quantitative sample, sampler, turbulence, water column

1.  Toxicity of Fresh and Weathered Sunken Heavy Fuel Oil to the Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Simulated Spawning Shoal Environments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
South American ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Insight Into

Because the density of heavy fuel oil (HFO) is equal to or greater than that of freshwater, it behaves differently than lighter oils that float. Heavy fuel oil can sink to the bottom or be suspended in the water column and affect aquatic organisms that are not typically exposed to floating oils. Most research on oil spill technologies thus far examines the direct exposure of rainbow trout to floating or submerged oil droplets; there is little knowledge of the impacts of non‐floating heavy fuel oil on the water column and benthic organisms exposed to oil that accumulates in sediments. The toxicity of sunken HFO 6303 and Medium South American (MESA; reference) crude oil, as well as the effects of weathering on toxicity to embryos of rainbow trout were assessed using increasing concentrations of oil on gravel substrate in continuous‐flow desorption columns. Toxicity was assessed by measurement of the rates of mortality and growth, and the prevalence of blue sac disease, a hallmark sign of oil toxicity. The lower median lethal concentration for HFO compared to MESA indicated that HFO is more toxic. Interestingly, the LC50 values for fresh and weathered for both oils were similar, indicating little change in toxicity when the oil weathers naturally. Repetition of this experiment and analysis of PAH content in each treatment will provide more insight into the environmental and health risks associated with sunken heavy fuel oil.   

A Hand-Operated Suction Sampler for the Collection of Subtidal Organisms

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tanner ◽  
M. W. Hawkes ◽  
P. A. Lebednik ◽  
E. Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Suction Sampler

A hand-operated suction sampler is described for use by SCUBA divers. The sampler is simple in construction and compact in size, and it provides a means by which diminutive benthic algae, invertebrates, or fish may be collected. Key words: algae, benthic organisms, sampling device, SCUBA, suction sampler

scholarly journals Dispersal of invasive species by drifting

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Van Riel ◽  
G. Van Der Velde ◽  
A. Bij De Vaate
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Dispersal Vectors

Abstract Drifting can be an effective way for aquatic organisms to disperse and colonise new areas. Increasing connectivity between European large rivers facilitates invasion by drifting aquatic macroinvertebrates. The present study shows that high abundances of invasive species drift in the headstream of the river Rhine. Dikerogammarus villosus and Chelicorophium curvispinum represented up to 90% of the total of drifting macroinvertebrates. Drift activity shows seasonal and diel patterns. Most species started drifting in spring and were most abundant in the water column during the summer period. Drift activity was very low during the winter period. Diel patterns were apparent; most species, including D. villosus, drifted during the night. Drifting macroinvertebrates colonised stony substrate directly from the water column. D. villosus generally colonised the substrate at night, while higher numbers of C. curvispinum colonised the substrate during the day. It is very likely that drifting functions as a dispersal mechanism for crustacean invaders. Once waterways are connected, these species are no longer necessarily dependent on dispersal vectors other than drift for extending their distribution range.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR COLLECTION OF EXPIRED CO2 IN STUDIES USING NATURALLY LABELLED 13C IN CALVES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. CHEVALIER ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
M. GAGNON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Isotopic Labelling ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Breath Sampling ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
Sample Purification

Natural isotopic labelling of animal metabolic processes presents great advantages over the use of artificially enriched compounds. These advantages include the use of natural diets, low cost and easiness of handling, sampling and disposal. Changes in the 13C/12C ratio of expired CO2 after ingestion of a test meal containing a variable proportion of C3 and/or C4 plant-derived products permits measurements of the immediate oxidation of dietary carbohydrates. A breathing device for collection of expired CO2 and purification techniques are described. The breath-sampling device is composed of a polypropylene enclosure and a rubber bag. The rubber bag is blown up by the animal and a sample of the expired gas is transferred to a sampling glass holder in which a vacuum had been previously achieved. Sample purification of expired CO2 is done by differential freezing. Key words: Breath device, carbon 13, calf

Preliminary Assessment of the Presence of Oil in the Ecosystem at Ekofisk After the Blowout, April 22–30, 1977

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Mackie ◽  
R. Hardy ◽  
K. J. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
High Fluorescence

The marine environment in the Ekofisk area was assayed for the presence of oil components after the blowout on Platform Bravo was brought under control. Several methods of assay were used but the results were not always strictly comparable. Relatively high fluorescence values were observed in water samples in the vicinity of the platform. However, gas–liquid chromatography of these samples indicated that although some of the hydrocarbon fractions now resembled crude oil, none had increased markedly in concentration. The presence of oil could be detected in the biota and taste panels were able to identify an oily taint at low level in some fish caught near the platform. A second survey some 2 mo after the spill indicated that little, if any, oil from the blowout remained in the water column. Key words: Ekofisk, petroleum, surface film, water, sediment, fish

Dynamics of Selenium in Mercury-Contaminated Experimental Freshwater Ecosystems

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. M. Rudd ◽  
Michael A. Turner ◽  
Bruce E. Townsend ◽  
Alison Swick ◽  
Akira Furutani
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Herbicides ◽  
Mercury Bioaccumulation ◽  
Simultaneous Movement ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Aquatic Herbicide ◽  
Rate Of Movement

The simultaneous movement of radiolabeled selenium and mercury was followed in experimental aquatic ecosystems ([Formula: see text] tube enclosures) set into a mercury-contaminated lake. The experimental treatments consisted of increasing stable selenium or sulfate water concentrations, addition of an aquatic herbicide, and isolation of a portion of the water column from contact with sediments. Selenium and mercury did not move together through the ecosystems either geochemically or biologically. Selenium bioaccumulation was rapid by fish, crayfish, and haptobenthos and was enhanced by increased sulfate concentration and in the absence of exposure to bottom sediments. It was reduced in the presence of aquatic herbicides. A selenium concentration of 0.1 mg/L did not affect the rate of movement of mercury out of the water column but it did stabilize the movement of mercury among various compartments in the water column. Elevated selenium appeared to retard the rate of mercury bioaccumulation by fish, crayfish, and haptobenthos. Preliminary observations of selenium toxicity to several aquatic organisms were carried out. The possibility of using selenium as an ameliorating agent for heavy metal polluted freshwater systems is discussed.Key words: selenium, mercury, methylmercury, fish, crayfish

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Kadmium (Cd) Pada Air, Sedimen Dan Organ Mangrove Di Perairan Tulehu

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
NUR ALIM NATSIR ◽  
YUSRIANTI HANIKE ◽  
MUHAMMAD RIJAL ◽  
SUHAEDIR BACHTIAR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
And Control

Differences in the accumulation of heavy metals lead and cadmium in water, sediments and mangrove organs (roots, stems and leaves) found in the waters of Tulehu, Maluku Province. Samples were taken from three observation stations, namely stopping ships that are not operating (station 1), Tulehu harbor (station 2) and Control (station 3). Pb and Cd were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Pb and Cd content in sediments is higher than in water. The highest Pb and Cd content is found in the stems then in the roots and leaves (stems> roots> leaves). Mangroves are one of the aquatic organisms that have the ability to absorb heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Key words: Mangrove, Pb, Cd, Heavy Metal

scholarly journals Abundance and seasonal diversity of zooplankton in coastal aquatic environments of Mathbaria, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Pronob Kumar Mozumder ◽  
M Niamul Naser ◽  
Monirul Alam ◽  
Anwar Huq
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Seasonal Diversity

Monthly seasonal diversity and abundance of zooplankton species at three ponds of Mathbaria were investigated from surface water column during January 2008 to December 2008. Thirty?six species of zooplankton were identified from the ponds. Among these, 25 belonged to rotifer, six were of protozoan, three were copepods and one each from cladocera and ostracoda. Nauplii (copepods) were the most abundant (39.09% in site 1, 36.81% in site 2, and 33.06% in site 3) group, while the ostracoda were the least abundant (0.1% in site 2) group. The relative abundance was maximum (39.09%) for nauplii and minimum (4.56%) for cladocera in site 1; maximum (36.81%) for nauplii and minimum (0.1%) for ostracoda in site 2; maximum (33.15%) for rotifer and minimum (1.17%) for Cladocera in site 3. The species of frequent occurrence (100%) were Cyclops sp. and copepoda nauplius. In Bangladesh, cholera outbreaks have two major peaks, one between March to May and other between August to October. This study shows that, seasonal diversity and abundance of zooplankton species varied with seasons, the zooplankton peaks coincide to the reported peak outbreak of cholera at the area. Key words: Seasonal diversity; Mathbaria; Zooplankton; Abundance DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8977 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 163-171

MONITORING OCEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM PRODUCED FORMATION WATER DISCHARGES TO BASS STRAIT, AUSTRALIA

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Terrens ◽  
R.D. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Discharge Point ◽  
Low Concentrations

Previous assessment of dispersion modelling, toxicity testing, and characterisation of produced formation water (PFW) discharges into Bass Strait indicated a very low environmental risk from PFW to the marine environment. Peak PFW concentrations can exceed the effect levels (ECs0 or LC50) measured in 24-96 hr laboratory toxicity tests only within distances of tens of metres from the discharge point. In this assessment, the field monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column (which are in low concentrations in PFW) was undertaken to directly assess dispersion and predicted fate mechanisms.Very low concentrations of both light and heavier aromatic hydrocarbons are likely in any PFW discharge. A high volume absorption sampler was deployed 20 m from the discharge point to continuously sample ocean concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons for up to one week, providing large volume (1,000 L) water samples. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to measure aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations.The concentrations measured with the ocean sampling device provide time integrated samples over approximately one week, and the results showed that the ratio of discharge concentration to ocean concentration was approximately 20,000:1.Compared to dispersion modelling predictions, the ocean sampler indicates lower environmental risk. This is because dispersion modelling predicts ocean concentrations within the plume whereas the sampler is measuring concentrations at a fixed point over the long term and is exposed to the plume only intermittently, similar to a sessile marine organism. Therefore the ocean concentrations provided by the large volume sampler are more representative of longer term ocean concentrations which can be experienced by marine organisms.Further assessment of prevailing operational and oceanographic conditions in Bass Strait suggests that there does not appear to be a water column accumulation of PFW aromatic hydrocarbons adjacent to the discharge.

scholarly journals FENOMENA SEDIMENT CLOUD DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG PONTANG BANTEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nyoman Astawa ◽  
Hananto Kurnio ◽  
Lukman Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Fluid Pressure

Penafsiran data rekaman strata box dari daerah penelitian menunjukkan 2 (dua) runtunan akustik yaitu runtunan A, dan runtunan B. Kontak antara runtunan A dengan B berupa kontak toplap atau pepat erosi. Runtunan B adalah runtunan termuda yang proses pengendapannya masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Dalam rekaman strata box banyak ditemukan pantulan dalam bersifat keruh di dalam kolom air. Hal tersebut diperkirakan berupa gambaran reflektor sediment cloud (awan sedimen). Munculnya sediment cloud diperkirakan ada kaitannya dengan aktivitas gunung api yang ada di daerah penelitian (Gunung Karang). Sediment cloud terjadi akibat adanya tekanan fluida yang berasal dari bawah permukaan dasar laut, yang menerobos ke permukaan dasar laut, disertai dengan muatan material sedimen. Sebaran sediment cloud di daerah penelitian cukup luas, sehingga sangat menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Kata kunci : Rekaman strata box, penafsiran, sediment cloud, gunung api. Strata box records interpretation from the study area indicate two sequences, those are sequence A and sequence B. Sequence A is separated from sequence B by toplap contact. Sequence B is the youngest sequence in the study area is which its deposition still active until now. In the strata box records the chaotic reflection features are found in its water column. These features are assumed as sediment clouds. The appearance of these clouds in the study area is possibly related to volcano activities (Karang Volcano). This phenomenon is occurred due to fluid pressure derived from sub-seabottom, followed by sediment material blow out. The sediment clouds are widely distributed, thus it is interesting to be further studied. Key words : Strata box records, interpretation, sediment cloud, volcano.

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