MONITORING OCEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM PRODUCED FORMATION WATER DISCHARGES TO BASS STRAIT, AUSTRALIA

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Terrens ◽  
R.D. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Discharge Point ◽  
Low Concentrations

Previous assessment of dispersion modelling, toxicity testing, and characterisation of produced formation water (PFW) discharges into Bass Strait indicated a very low environmental risk from PFW to the marine environment. Peak PFW concentrations can exceed the effect levels (ECs0 or LC50) measured in 24-96 hr laboratory toxicity tests only within distances of tens of metres from the discharge point. In this assessment, the field monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column (which are in low concentrations in PFW) was undertaken to directly assess dispersion and predicted fate mechanisms.Very low concentrations of both light and heavier aromatic hydrocarbons are likely in any PFW discharge. A high volume absorption sampler was deployed 20 m from the discharge point to continuously sample ocean concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons for up to one week, providing large volume (1,000 L) water samples. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to measure aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations.The concentrations measured with the ocean sampling device provide time integrated samples over approximately one week, and the results showed that the ratio of discharge concentration to ocean concentration was approximately 20,000:1.Compared to dispersion modelling predictions, the ocean sampler indicates lower environmental risk. This is because dispersion modelling predicts ocean concentrations within the plume whereas the sampler is measuring concentrations at a fixed point over the long term and is exposed to the plume only intermittently, similar to a sessile marine organism. Therefore the ocean concentrations provided by the large volume sampler are more representative of longer term ocean concentrations which can be experienced by marine organisms.Further assessment of prevailing operational and oceanographic conditions in Bass Strait suggests that there does not appear to be a water column accumulation of PFW aromatic hydrocarbons adjacent to the discharge.

Biodegradation rates of aromatic contaminants in biofilm reactors

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Arcangeli ◽  
Erik Arvin
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
First Order ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Order Surface

This study has shown that microorganisms can adapt to degrade mixtures of aromatic pollutants at relatively high rates in the μg/l concentration range. The biodegradation rates of the following compounds were investigated in biofilm systems: aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, methylphenols, chlorophenols, nitrophenol, chlorobenzenes and aromatic nitrogen-, sulphur- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds (NSO-compounds). Furthermore, a comparison with degradation rates observed for easily degradable organics is also presented. At concentrations below 20-100 μg/l the degradation of the aromatic compounds was typically controlled by first order kinetics. The first-order surface removal rate constants were surprisingly similar, ranging from 2 to 4 m/d. It appears that NSO-compounds inhibit the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons, even at very low concentrations of NSO-compounds. Under nitrate-reducing conditions, toluene was easily biodegraded. The xylenes and ethylbenzene were degraded cometabolically if toluene was used as a primary carbon source; their removal was influenced by competitive inhibition with toluene. These interaction phenomena are discussed in this paper and a kinetic model taking into account cometabolism and competitive inhibition is proposed.

scholarly journals Multi-omics phenotyping of the gut-liver axis reveals metabolic perturbations from a low-dose pesticide mixture in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Mesnage ◽  
Maxime Teixeira ◽  
Daniele Mandrioli ◽  
Laura Falcioni ◽  
Mariam Ibragim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

AbstractHealth effects of pesticides are not always accurately detected using the current battery of regulatory toxicity tests. We compared standard histopathology and serum biochemistry measures and multi-omics analyses in a subchronic toxicity test of a mixture of six pesticides frequently detected in foodstuffs (azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, imidacloprid and thiabendazole) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Analysis of water and feed consumption, body weight, histopathology and serum biochemistry showed little effect. Contrastingly, serum and caecum metabolomics revealed that nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism were affected, which suggested activation of an oxidative stress response. This was not reflected by gut microbial community composition changes evaluated by shotgun metagenomics. Transcriptomics of the liver showed that 257 genes had their expression changed. Gene functions affected included the regulation of response to steroid hormones and the activation of stress response pathways. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of the same liver samples showed that 4,255 CpG sites were differentially methylated. Overall, we demonstrated that in-depth molecular profiling in laboratory animals exposed to low concentrations of pesticides allows the detection of metabolic perturbations that would remain undetected by standard regulatory biochemical measures and which could thus improve the predictability of health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants.

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Assessment Resulting from Sediment Contamination with Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Grażyna Gałęzowska ◽  
Justyna Rogowska ◽  
Ewa Olkowska ◽  
Wojciech Ratajczyk ◽  
Lidia Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Vistula River

Due to wide use of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (e.g., in metal-plating, in fire-fighting foam, lubricants) and their resistance to degradation, they occur widely in the environment. The aim of this study was to estimate the environmental risk resulting from the presence of PFASs in the Gulf of Gdansk. Therefore, 17 PFASs concentrations were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UPLC-MS/MS). Additionally, sediment ecotoxicity was investigated. The results of the chemical analysis were used to asses environmental risk of PFASs. In samples collected around discharge collectors from a wastewater treatment plant and the Vistula mouth, Σ17PFASs values were 0.00403 ÷ 40.6 and 0.509 ÷ 614 ng/g d.w., respectively. In samples collected around discharge collectors, PFHxA, PFPeA, PFHpA, and PFOA were dominating, while at the Vistula River mouth, PFHxS, PFDS, and PFBS were prevalent. For most sediments, no toxic effect was observed in the toxicity tests with Heterocypris inconguens and Aliivibrio ficsheri. There was no observed correlation between the PFASs level and their ecotoxicity. Generally, the results of environmental risk assessment indicate that the PFASs would not generate high impact on the aquatic life (five water samples have shown medium risk related to PFBS and PFDoA).

Enhancement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal during anaerobic treatment of urban sludge

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Trably ◽  
D. Patureau ◽  
J.P. Delgenes
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge has potential to partially substitute synthetic fertilizers. The main risk with the recycling of urban sludge on agricultural soils is the accumulation of unwanted products, such as trace metals and organic micropollutants. In this context, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are particularly monitored because of their toxic properties at low concentrations and their high resistance to biological degradation. The aim of the present study was to optimize PAHs removal during anaerobic digestion of contaminated sewage sludge. Thirteen PAHs were monitored in laboratory-scale anaerobic bioreactors under mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C) methanogenic conditions. Abiotic losses were statistically significant for the lightest PAHs, such as fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene. It was shown that PAH removal was due to a specific biological activity. Biological PAHs removal was significantly enhanced by an increase of the temperature from 35°C to 55°C, especially for the heaviest PAHs. Bioaugmentation experiment was also performed by addition of a PAH-adapted bacterial consortium to a non-acclimated reactor. Significant enhancement of PAHs removal was observed. It was finally shown that PAH removal efficiencies and methanogenic performances were closely linked. The rate of biogas production may be used as an indicator of bacterial activity on PAH removal.

scholarly journals Application of Programmed Temperature Vaporization Large Volume Injection Gas Chromatography (PTV-LVI-GC) to the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Delgadillo-Marín ◽  
Araceli Peña-Álvarez ◽  
Mario Villalobos Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Large Volume Injection ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Programmed Temperature Vaporization

A sensitive, selective and robust method was developed to quantify low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils by means of Programmed Temperature Vaporization - Large Volume Injection (PTV-LVI) coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Optimal vent pressure and flux at the PTV inlet of the GC system were determined by comparison of peak areas obtained from injection of a standard PAHs mixture at different conditions. Assessment of method performance was carried out with home-made standards prepared by spiking three non-PAH contaminated soils that contained 1.8%, 4.6% and 25% natural organic matter (NOM), with mixtures of six different PAHs at low concentration levels. Detection limits between 9 and 12 ng g<sup>-1</sup> and variation coefficients below 11% were determined from analysis of spiked samples of the soil with lowest NOM content. PAHs recoveries typically ranged from 61% to 96% for the three studied soils.

scholarly journals On the effects of some carcinogenic hydrocarbons on the growth of sporelings of marine red algae

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Boney ◽  
E. D. S. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rapid Screening Test ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Derivatives Of

Low concentrations of various carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause a considerable increase in cell production when applied to sporelings of certain marine red algae.Whereas low concentrations of carcinogenic derivatives of benzanthracene stimulate cell production, similar concentrations of structurally related non-carcinogens inhibit it.The applicability of the method as a rapid screening test for carcinogens is discussed.

Partitioning of unsubstituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons between surface sediments and the water column in the Brisbane River Estuary

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Kayal ◽  
DW Connell
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

In all, 23 sediment samples and 8 water column samples from the Brisbane River estuary, Queensland, Australia, were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to assess the field partitioning behaviour of these hydrocarbons. Twelve PAHs, ranging in molecular weight from naphthalene to benzo[a]pyrene, were identified and quantified. Their partition coefficients, indexed to sediment organic carbon and lipid content, were calculated after filtering to remove particulates and making a calculated adjustment for colloids, or organic matter, in the water phase. In logarithmic form, the partition coefficients were related to the physico-chemical properties of the compounds (Kow, Sw, RRT) by relationships having a parabolic shape rather than being linear. However, compounds with log Kow values of less than 5.5 gave linear relationships comparable to, but distinctly different from, those obtained from laboratory experiments. It is suggested that field conditions have distinctive differences from laboratory experiments that do not allow the direct translation of laboratory-based relationships to the natural aquatic environment.

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