Anesthetic and Handling Stress on Survival and Cortisol Concentration in Yearling Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Strange ◽  
Carl B. Schreck
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Initial Capture

Brief anesthetization with 50 mg/L buffered MS-222® (ethyl m-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate) of yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during mild handling caused no change in plasma cortisol concentrations compared with levels in non-anesthetized fish. Prolonged exposure (180 min) to a depressing dose of buffered MS-222® (25 mg/L) elevated cortisol more than an immobilizing dose (50 mg/L), while 100 mg/L was lethal within 30 min. Fish anesthetized (50 mg/L MS-222®) during a severe 30-min handling stress had significantly lower mortality than controls to a second handling stress applied when the fish were no longer anesthetized. Anesthetization during the first stressor also prevented the cortisol stress response evident in the control fish. Anesthetic (with or without buffer) administered before initial capture was most effective at increasing survival during a second stressor, while anesthetic supplied after initial capture may have been slightly less effective. A 0.5% NaCl solution supplied after capture was less effective than any anesthetic treatment in increasing future survival, but was better than no treatment. Saline treatment did not attenuate the cortisol stress response. A rapid method of plasma sample preparation for competitive protein binding assay of cortisol was developed. Key words: chinook salmon, cortisol, stress, anesthetic, cortisol assay, survival

RELIABILITY CRITERIA FOR SATURATION ANALYSIS OF STEROIDS BY COMPETITIVE PROTEIN BINDING

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S61-S78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy D. Reeves ◽  
David W. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Assay Design ◽  
Proper Perspective

ABSTRACT This communication is an attempt to delineate and define reliability criteria for saturation analysis of steroids by competitive protein binding assay. The discussion of these criteria evolved from three major considerations of assay method that help to place the ultimate criterion of accuracy in proper perspective. These major considerations are: 1) the measurement system, 2) the assay design and 3) the calculations and statistical control. Such an approach permits an evaluation, both relative and absolute, for a single method or for multiple methods.

TESTOSTERONE AND DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE FLUID MILIEU OF SPERMATOZOA IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF THE BULL

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataseshu K. Ganjam ◽  
Rupert P. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Rete Testis ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Isolated Compound

ABSTRACT Total 17β-hydroxyandrogen concentrations were determined using a competitive protein binding assay, for bovine reproductive fluids. Rete testis fluid and cauda epididymal plasma were separated from the spermcontaining fluids obtained through cannulae from conscious bulls. Al-through the concentration of total 17β-hydroxyandrogens in rete testis fluid was similar (P > 0.05) to that in cauda epididymal plasma (25 and 19 ng/ml), both fluids contained higher (P < 0.01) androgen concentrations than seminal plasma, accessory sex gland fluid or serum from peripheral blood (3–5 ng/ml). However, since the amount of cauda epididymal plasma recovered was much less than for rete testis fluid (0.25 vs 35 ml/day), cauda epididymal plasma contained less than 1 % of the total 17β-hydroxyandrogens which entered the epididymis in rete testis fluid (5 vs 883 ng/day). Testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone were isolated from the reproductive fluids by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and quantified by a simple, specific and highly sensitive microassay. Dihydrotestosterone was found only in cauda epididymal plasma (14 ng/ml); identification of the isolated compound was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Dihydrotestosterone accounted for 52% of the 17β-hydroxyandrogens in cauda epididymal plasma while 23 % was testosterone. Testosterone represented 70 % of the 17β-hydroxyandrogens in rete testis fluid and 91 % of those in blood serum. Physiological implications of this shift in androgen balance are discussed.

Predator avoidance ability of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) subjected to sublethal exposures of gas-supersaturated water

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Mesa ◽  
J J Warren
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

To assess the effects of gas bubble trauma (GBT) on the predator avoidance ability of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we created groups of fish that differed in prevalence and severity of gas emboli in their lateral lines, fins, and gills by exposing them to 112% total dissolved gas (TDG) for 13 days, 120% TDG for 8 h, or 130% TDG for 3.5 h. We subjected exposed and unexposed control fish simultaneously to predation by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) in water of normal gas saturation in 6, 18, and 10 tests using prey exposed to 112, 120, and 130% TDG, respectively. Only fish exposed to 130% TDG showed a significant increase in vulnerability to predation. The signs of GBT exhibited by fish sampled just prior to predator exposure were generally more severe in fish exposed to 130% TDG, which had the most extensive occlusion of the lateral line and gill filaments with gas emboli. Fish exposed to 112% TDG had the most severe signs of GBT in the fins. Our results suggest that fish showing GBT signs similar to those of our fish exposed to 130% TDG, regardless of their precise exposure history, may be more vulnerable to predation.

A Simplified competitive protein-binding assay for 25-hydroxycalciferol

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Garcia-Pascual ◽  
A. Peytremann ◽  
B. Courvoisier ◽  
D.E.M. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding

Stimulation of Plasma Thyroxine Levels by Novel Water Chemistry during Smoltification in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Hoffnagle ◽  
Albert J. Fivizzani
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Artificial Photoperiod ◽  
Stimulation Of

The separate influences of changes in water chemistry and flow rate on plasma thyroxine levels were assessed in a freshwater population of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) undergoing smoltification. Fish subjected to a change in water source had plasma thyroxine levels significantly greater than those of controls on several sampling dates. Maximum levels were observed 10 d after water change. Conversely, plasma thyroxine levels in fish for which the flow rate was increased showed little change and were never significantly different from controls. Plasma thyroxine levels were greater in fish held under a natural rather than artificial photoperiod but the patterns of change were similar in the two groups. Control fish transported to a new hatchery and novel water source attained plasma thyroxine levels which were even greater than those of novel water-exposed fish at the original hatchery. The results indicated that altered water chemistry rather than increased flow rate was the stimulus for the elevation in plasma thyroxine levels associated with smoltification in these chinook salmon.

NSILA AND FOETAL GROWTH

1979 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. E. Heinrich ◽  
D. S. Schalch ◽  
M. H. Jawadi ◽  
C. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Serum Gh

ABSTRACT Employing a sensitive competitive protein binding assay for NSILA (non-suppressible insulin-like activity), circulating levels of this somatomedin (SM) have been measured throughout pregnancy, at parturition, and in foetal and newborn sera. Acid-dissociable serum NSILA (mean ± sem) in 57 women was significantly higher during pregnancy (1106 ± 46 μU/ml), than in 11 adult non-pregnant control subjects (844 ± 22 μU/ml), but not correlated with week of gestation or with serum growth hormone (GH) or cortisol levels. At parturition, the NSILA concentration in 28 cord sera (598 ± 38 μU/ml) was significantly less than in the corresponding maternal sera (1039 ± 63 μU/ml). The NSILA levels in 23 premature newborns (370 ± 20 μU/ml) and 8 smallfor-gestational-age newborns (310 ± 46 μU/ml) were significantly less than in 33 term newborns (494 ± 18 μU/ml). Serum NSILA in 56 term and premature newborns exhibited a significant positive correlation both with gestational age and birth weight but not with serum GH or cortisol levels. These data suggest that the maternal-foetal growth-promoting system is a highly complex one in which NSILA levels both in maternal and foetal circulations appear to be under multifactorial control.

A Competitive Protein-Binding Assay for 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Seino ◽  
Tsunesuke Shimotsuji ◽  
Shintaro Okada ◽  
Teisuke Hiejima ◽  
Chiiko Ikehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

Roles of Olfaction and Vision in Choice of Spawning Site by Homing Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B. Groves ◽  
Gerald B. Collins ◽  
Parker S. Trefethen
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Spawning Site

An experiment was conducted to examine the roles of olfaction and vision in directing the choice of spawning site by homing adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the lower Columbia River. Male fish that voluntarily entered the Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery were treated to occlude their olfactory or visual senses or both. Treated and untreated (control) fish were released upstream and downstream in the river, more than 19 km from the hatchery. Effects were assessed by analyzing returns to the hatchery and to other points.Of 866 fish released, 348 or 40% were recovered; about half of them, or 176 returned to Spring Creek. Three per cent of the olfactory occluded, 23% of the visually occluded, and 46% of the control fish returned to Spring Creek. Of the fish recovered elsewhere, 77% were recovered at hatcheries and spawn-taking sites along the lower Columbia; 23% were recovered from sources unrelated to spawn taking.Olfaction appeared to be the key sense that directed the return of these fish to Spring Creek; vision was held to be less important. Olfactory occlusion also reduced the recoveries at other spawn-taking sites, where blinded fish were recovered in appreciable numbers. Recovery of the control fish, especially the smaller ones, at other spawn-taking sites was associated with advancing sexual maturity.

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