Effect of Freeze-Up on Major Ion and Nutrient Content of a Prairie Winterkill Lake

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2207-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barica
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

The reduction of lake volume due to ice formation in a shallow, moderately saline eutrophic prairie lake lacking a permanent surface inflow or outflow accounts for observed increases in specific conductance and concentration of predominant major ions (Mg, Ca, Na, and SO4). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total ammonia nitrogen, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations follow a different pattern; their increase under the ice cover is proportional to the decrease in dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a content. Key words: winter fish kill, freeze-up, major ions, nutrients, prairie lakes, oxygen depletion, eutrophication

scholarly journals Integration between bioflocs and periphyton in Nile tilapia culture tanks

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Davi De Holanda Cavalcante ◽  
Francisco Roberto Dos Santos Lima ◽  
Vanessa Tomaz Rebouças ◽  
Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e Sá
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

The present study aimed to assess the possible beneficial effects of the integration between bioflocs and periphyton to the Nile tilapia’s water quality and growth performance. There were four treatments with five replicates each: (1) Control: green waters, (2) Periphyton: substrate-based system, (3) BFT: bioflocs technology for aquaculture, and (4) Biophyton: integration between bioflocs and periphyton. Fish (1.63 ± 0.07 g) were reared for 10 weeks in twenty 250 L outdoor tanks. Two polyethylene boards were vertically set out in the Periphyton and Biophyton tanks as underwater substrates. The C: N ratios of water in the BFT and Biophyton tanks were adjusted to 15:1 with dry molasses applications. The concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen were higher in the Control and Periphyton tanks than in the BFT and Biophyton ones. On the other hand, the concentrations of reactive phosphorus were higher in the BFT and Biophyton tanks than in the Control and Periphyton ones. The fish final body weight, specific growth rate and fish yield have not differed between the tanks. The integration between bioflocs and periphyton has not brought clear benefits to tilapia culture on water quality and growth performance.  

Summerkill Risk in Prairie Ponds and Possibilities of its Prediction

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Barica
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Prediction Systems

Summer fish kills in shallow, landlocked ponds of the Erickson–Elphinstone area, southwestern Manitoba, were caused by collapses of heavy algal blooms, mostly Alphanizomenon flos-aquae, and subsequent oxygen depletion. Kills occurred only in ponds that were in the specific conductance range of 800–2000 μmho/cm and where chlorophyll a concentrations exceeded 100 μg/liter. A practical rating system for assessment of summerkill risk was suggested. Correlations between various parameters from 51 ponds were computed; the best correlation (r = 0.866; P = >0.99) was found between the late-winter concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the maximum concentration of chlorophyll a in the following summer. Two summerkill prediction systems were proposed, based on ammonia, dissolved oxygen, and Secchi disc transparency, enabling the prediction of summerkill risk 9 or 3 mo prior to stocking of the fish.

scholarly journals Sediment phosphorus fractionation and flux in a tropical shallow lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Papera ◽  
Fabiana Araújo ◽  
Vanessa Becker
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Release ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Mobile Fraction ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Abstract: Aim The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential phosphorus (P) release from the sediment to the water column of a tropical shallow lake in the northeast of Brazil, based on the sediment P fractions and on the flux of P between water and sediment. Methods We used a sequential extraction method to analyse the different P fractions of the sediment of Lake Extremoz. We also carried out a 40-day microcosm experiment to analyse the flux of P between water and sediment. We did so by flooding 200g of sediment from the lake with 800 mL of 1.2 µm filtered lake water in 1 L beakers. Every 5 days we analysed: soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (Org-P), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and pH of the water. Results The largest fraction of P in the sediment of Lake Extremoz is Refractory-P, which is non-mobile. The main mobile fraction of this lake’s sediment is composed of P bound to Fe and Mn oxides (BD-P) which is redox sensitive. During the P flux experiment, the water was always oxic and with nearly neutral pH, however the temperature increased by almost 4 °C due to the increase of the temperature of the air. SRP, TP and Org-P concentrations in the water had a general decrease in the first 20 days. But, on the second half of the experiment, those concentrations increased and the fluxes of P from sediment to water, mainly Org-P, were positive. Even with this increase in concentrations, indicating a period of P release, overall fluxes were negative. Conclusions The main mobile fraction of the sediment is redox sensitive, therefore it has the potential to be released in case of oxygen depletion. Under current conditions, most of the P released by the sediment is in organic forms, indicating that, in the presence of oxygen, the balance of P between water and sediment is controlled by the effects of organisms on P as well as temperature.

Contrasting Diel Patterns of Vertical Migration in the Dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella in Relation to Phosphorus Supply in a North Temperate Reservoir

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Taylor ◽  
J. W. Barko ◽  
W. F. James
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Ceratium Hirundinella ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Very different diel patterns of vertical migration in Ceratium hirundinella were observed during two midsummer periods of study in a north temperate reservoir. During the first study (29–30 July), Ceratium migrated within a 2-m-deep oxygenated zone, moving upward near to the surface during the day and downward to the oxic–anoxic interface at night. During the second study (7–8 August), Ceratium did not migrate towards the surface during the day. High photosynthetic oxygen production and mixing processes increased oxygen distribution from 2 to 3 m providing Ceratium with access to a significantly greater water volume, with a greater nutrient content. Riverine phosphorus loading during the week prior to the first study was about 10 times greater than during the week prior to the second study. Limiting cell phosphorus concentrations and no measurable soluble reactive phosphorus in the upper (0–3 m) water column suggested a relationship between phosphorus limitation and the cessation of positive phototaxis. Diel patterns of vertical migration in this species may be influenced by episodic variations in phosphorus and/or other nutrient loadings via riverine inputs as interflows to this reservoir.

Nutrient Variability Following Dairy Manure Storage Agitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio A Aguirre-Villegas ◽  
Mahmoud A Sharara ◽  
Rebecca A Larson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Nutrient Variability ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The nutrient profile in stored manure can be highly variable due to the solids building up at the bottom of the storage over time as unagitated manure is removed. This variability can lead to under- or over-application of nutrients potentially reducing crop yields or increasing nutrient losses, respectively. Agitation of stored manure is a common practice to re-suspend solids providing a more uniform nutrient consistency for application. This study explores the solids and nutrient variability in stored dairy manure after agitation and the relationship between the number of samples and the quality of the nutrient content estimate. A total of 16 dairy facilities across Wisconsin were sampled in the study. Samples were taken during agitation and analyzed for total solids (TS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and microminerals. Overall, TKN, TAN, and TP contents were more uniform than TS. The mean concentrations (wet basis) from the 16 farms range from 2.45% to 15.28% for TS, 0.17% to 0.53% for TKN, 0.01% to 0.33 for TAN, 0.02 to 0.06 for TP, and 0.11% to 0.31% for TK. This range is mostly attributed to the between-farms variability in manure nutrient content. In addition, 54% of the total variation in the TS content was attributable to within-farm sample variability. These results show that TS was variable on farms whereas TKN, TAN, and TP were variable between farms. A random resampling analysis showed that three samples generate a mean between 20% to 30% of the true experimental mean for TKN and TAN whereas nine samples are required to be in this range for TP. Results show that the improvement achieved by adding more samples than 11 is less than 10%. Keywords: Dairy manure, Manure agitation, Nutrients, Nutrient variability, Sample size.

Physicochemical Patterns within a Hyporheic Zone of a Northern Michigan River, with Comments on Surface Water Patterns

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. Hendricks ◽  
David S. White
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Depth Gradients ◽  
Northern Michigan ◽  
Sand Bottom

Interstitial temperature and chemistry were examined longitudinally and with depth in a hyporheic zone beneath a riffle–pool sequence of a third-order, sand-bottom river in northern Michigan (USA). Longitudinal and depth patterns were compared with surface and groundwater chemistries at the site and with surface chemistry over a 10-km length of the river. Interstitial water was more characteristic of surface water at the upstream end of the hyporheic zone and of groundwater at the downstream end. Hyporheic longitudinal and depth patterns occurred for temperature, chloride, silica, soluble reactive phosphorus, and winter dissolved oxygen. Dissolved organic carbon decreased with depth, but not with longitudinal distance downstream within the hyporheic zone. Hyporheic nitrate and ammonium patterns were variable, but concentrations generally increased downstream. Hyporheic specific conductance and alkalinity decreased with distance downstream, but not with depth. Gradients for temperature, chloride, silica, nitrate, and phosphate over the 10-km surface water reach were similar to those observed within the single hyporheic zone. Hyporheic chemistry patterns were consistent with models of underflow through porous substrata implying ground water/surface water interaction. Importance of the hyporheic zone should not be overlooked in solute transport or stream nutrient budgets.

scholarly journals Effects of Lanthanum Modified Bentonite and Polyaluminium Chloride on the Environmental Variables in the Water and Sediment Phosphorus Form in Lake Yanglan, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Ling Su ◽  
Chen Zhong ◽  
Lei Gan ◽  
Xiaolin He ◽  
Jinlei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Phosphorus Form ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

The application of lanthanum modified bentonite (Phoslock®) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is popular in the restoration of European temperate lakes; however, the effects of the application on the concentrations of phosphorus (P) in both the water and the sediments have been poorly evaluated to date. We studied the effects of the application of Phoslock® + PAC on the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a (Chla) in the water, and different P forms in the sediments, in an isolated part of Lake Yanglan. The results showed that the concentrations of TP, PP, SRP, TSS and Chla decreased significantly after the addition of Phoslock® + PAC. Moreover, the concentrations of labile-P, reductant-soluble-P and organic-P in the sediments were also significantly decreased after the Phoslock® + PAC application. However, the concentrations of both the stable apatite-P and residual-P in the sediments after application of Phoslock® + PAC were much higher than the pre-addition values, while the concentrations of metal-oxide-P did not differ significantly between the pre- and post- application conditions. Our findings imply that the combined application of Phoslock® and PAC can be used in the restoration of subtropical shallow lakes, to reduce the concentrations of P in the water and suppress the release of P from the sediments.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Phosphorus Species in the Overlying and Pore Waters of the Tuohe River, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qing Xu ◽  
Xiaoping Yu ◽  
Yafei Guo ◽  
Tianlong Deng ◽  
Yu-Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Main Factor

Overlying sediment and pore waters were collected in summer and winter at upstream (Jintang) and downstream (Neijiang) sites of the Tuohe River, which is one of the five largest tributaries of the Yangtze River in China. Phosphorus species, including soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), soluble unreactive phosphorus (SUP), and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and some diagenetic constituents including dissolved Fe(II), Mn(II), and sulfide in overlying and pore waters, were measured systematically. The seasonal variations and vertical distributions of phosphorus species in overlying and pore waters at both sampling sites were obtained to elucidate some aspects of the transport and transformations of phosphorus. Based on the profiles of pore and overlying waters as well as the TDN/TDP data during an algal bloom in 2007, it was clearly demonstrated that phosphorus was the main factor limiting the phytoplankton growth in the Tuohe River.

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