Summerkill Risk in Prairie Ponds and Possibilities of its Prediction

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Barica
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Prediction Systems

Summer fish kills in shallow, landlocked ponds of the Erickson–Elphinstone area, southwestern Manitoba, were caused by collapses of heavy algal blooms, mostly Alphanizomenon flos-aquae, and subsequent oxygen depletion. Kills occurred only in ponds that were in the specific conductance range of 800–2000 μmho/cm and where chlorophyll a concentrations exceeded 100 μg/liter. A practical rating system for assessment of summerkill risk was suggested. Correlations between various parameters from 51 ponds were computed; the best correlation (r = 0.866; P = >0.99) was found between the late-winter concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the maximum concentration of chlorophyll a in the following summer. Two summerkill prediction systems were proposed, based on ammonia, dissolved oxygen, and Secchi disc transparency, enabling the prediction of summerkill risk 9 or 3 mo prior to stocking of the fish.

Experimental Manipulation of Algal Bloom Composition by Nitrogen Addition

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barica ◽  
H. Kling ◽  
J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Fish Kill ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Prairie Lakes

Nitrogen (as ammonium, nitrate, or both) was added over an 8- to 12-wk period to enclosures in a small prairie lake and to a whole pond. In previous years, both had experienced seasonal anoxia as a result of collapses of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae blooms followed by a massive fish kill. Additions altered the bloom magnitude and the species composition if N was added prior to the appearance of A. flos-aquae. Low additions (~ 0.75–1.5 g m−8∙wk−1) initiated after the appearance of the cyanophyte bloom resulted in a significant reduction of the A. flos-aquae biomass, while the same addition at the time of a chlorophyte bloom (Scenedesmus and Oocystis sp.) caused a substantial shift to Microcystis aeruginosa. High additions (~ 7–14 g m−3∙wk−1) resulted in a total absence of cyanophytes and were followed by a complete shift to small chlorophytes and cryptomonads, with a total absence of A. flos-aquae and the fish kill. Low additions of N did not show any accumulation over 3–5 mo after discontinuation of the fertilization; high additions showed a significant accumulation of nitrate in the water. Both lake and pond returned to heavy A. flos-aquae blooms and fish kills the following summer when not fertilized.Key words: nutrient enrichment, nitrogen, algal blooms, fish kills, oxygen depletion, prairie lakes, biomanipulation, eutrophication

Effect of Freeze-Up on Major Ion and Nutrient Content of a Prairie Winterkill Lake

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2207-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barica
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

The reduction of lake volume due to ice formation in a shallow, moderately saline eutrophic prairie lake lacking a permanent surface inflow or outflow accounts for observed increases in specific conductance and concentration of predominant major ions (Mg, Ca, Na, and SO4). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total ammonia nitrogen, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations follow a different pattern; their increase under the ice cover is proportional to the decrease in dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a content. Key words: winter fish kill, freeze-up, major ions, nutrients, prairie lakes, oxygen depletion, eutrophication

scholarly journals Eutrophication and effects of algal bloom in the south–western part of the Curonian Lagoon alongside the Curonian Spit

Baltica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrov ◽  
Aleksander Krek ◽  
Ekaterina Bubnova ◽  
Aleksandr Danchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

The Curonian Lagoon is the largest coastal lagoon of the Baltic Sea. The Curonian Lagoon is a hypereutrophic water body beset with two major problems: eutrophication and algal blooms. Biological and chemical data for the study of water eutrophication and algal blooms were collected from 4 sampling points in the coastal and off-shore areas at distances of 1 km and 4–5 km from the Curonian Spit during the period from April 2007 to November 2016. The ratio of mineral nitrogen/phosphorus forms created conditions for regular Cyanobacteria hyperblooms during the summer and early autumn. Such blooms are followed by an increase in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, pH and BOD5, their values exceeding the threshold limits for fishery water reservoirs. A distinct peak of chlorophyll a concentration was observed in the period of freshwater Cyanobacteria hyperbloom from July to September or October. During the “hyperbloom” of Cyanobacteria, their accumulation and decomposition, which was caused by a constant wind direction, also led to the local oxygen deficit and fish mortality in the coastal zone. Chlorophyll a concentration was always at the level of intensive bloom (10–100 μg/l) and over the period of 6 years (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016) it reached the hyperbloom state (above 100 μg/l). Water temperature appeared to be one of the key factors determining seasonal and long–term variability in phytoplankton abundance and, therefore, the level of eutrophication in the Curonian Lagoon.

scholarly journals Performance of a Handheld Chlorophyll-a Fluorometer: Potential Use for Rapid Algae Monitoring

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Hamdhani Hamdhani ◽  
Drew E. Eppehimer ◽  
David Walker ◽  
Michael T. Bogan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Potential Use

Chlorophyll-a measurements are an important factor in the water quality monitoring of surface waters, especially for determining the trophic status and ecosystem management. However, a collection of field samples for extractive analysis in a laboratory may not fully represent the field conditions. Handheld fluorometers that can measure chlorophyll-a in situ are available, but their performance in waters with a variety of potential light-interfering substances has not yet been tested. We tested a handheld fluorometer for sensitivity to ambient light and turbidity and compared these findings with EPA Method 445.0 using water samples obtained from two urban lakes in Tucson, Arizona, USA. Our results suggested that the probe was not sensitive to ambient light and performed well at low chlorophyll-a concentrations (<25 µg/L) across a range of turbidity levels (50–70 NTU). However, the performance was lower when the chlorophyll-a concentrations were >25 µg/L and turbidity levels were <50 NTU. To account for this discrepancy, we developed a calibration equation to use for this handheld fluorometer when field monitoring for potential harmful algal blooms in water bodies.

A study of water quality in an urban river and potential improvement using a prototype instream aerator

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Town ◽  
D. S. Mavinic ◽  
B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels

Urban encroachment and intensive agricultural activity within the Serpentine–Nicomekl watershed (near Vancouver, B.C.) have caused a series of fish (salmon) kills on the Serpentine River since 1980. Low dissolved oxygen was responsible for these kills. This field project investigated some of the dynamic chemical and biological relationships within the river, as well as the use of an instream aerator as a temporary, in situ, water quality improvement measure. Weekly sampling for a 6-month period during the latter half of 1985 established a solid data base for deriving and interpreting meaningful interrelationships. A strong correlation between chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen levels before the algae die-off supported the hypothesis that algae blooms dying in the fall could create a serious oxygen demand. Because of these environmental conditions, the river is unable to sustain healthy dissolved oxygen levels during this period. As such, a prototype, 460 m artificial aeration line was designed, installed, and monitored to evaluate its potential for alleviating low dissolved oxygen conditions and improving overall water quality during the critical fall period.The instream aerator ran continuously for over 2 months, starting in September 1985. Despite better-than-expected weather conditions (i.e., cool, wet weather) and relatively high dissolved oxygen levels during the fall of 1985, the data base appeared to support the use of this prototype aeration unit as a means of "upgrading" a stretch of an urban river subject to periodic, low dissolved oxygen levels. As a result, a 2-year follow-up study and river monitoring was initiated. In both 1986 and 1987, late summer and early fall river conditions resulted in the potential for serious salmon kills, due to higher-than-normal river temperatures and very low dissolved oxygen. In both instances, the instream aerator prevented such fish kills in a key stretch of the river. Expansion of the system to include other critical stretches of the Serpentine and other urban river systems, near Vancouver, is being considered. Key words: algae, aerator, chlorophyll a, eutrophic, fish kills, instream aeration, river improvement, urban river.

scholarly journals Influence of Seasonal Environmental Variables on the Distribution of Presumptive Fecal Coliforms around an Antarctic Research Station

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4884-4891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACT Factors affecting fecal microorganism survival and distribution in the Antarctic marine environment include solar radiation, water salinity, temperature, sea ice conditions, and fecal input by humans and local wildlife populations. This study assessed the influence of these factors on the distribution of presumptive fecal coliforms around Rothera Point, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula during the austral summer and winter of February 1999 to September 1999. Each factor had a different degree of influence depending on the time of year. In summer (February), although the station population was high, presumptive fecal coliform concentrations were low, probably due to the biologically damaging effects of solar radiation. However, summer algal blooms reduced penetration of solar radiation into the water column. By early winter (April), fecal coliform concentrations were high, due to increased fecal input by migrant wildlife, while solar radiation doses were low. By late winter (September), fecal coliform concentrations were high near the station sewage outfall, as sea ice formation limited solar radiation penetration into the sea and prevented wind-driven water circulation near the outfall. During this study, environmental factors masked the effect of station population numbers on sewage plume size. If sewage production increases throughout the Antarctic, environmental factors may become less significant and effective sewage waste management will become increasingly important. These findings highlight the need for year-round monitoring of fecal coliform distribution in Antarctic waters near research stations to produce realistic evaluations of sewage pollution persistence and dispersal.

Chlorophyll-a Concentration Assessment Using Remotely Sensed Data over Multiple Years along the Coasts of the United Arab Emirates

2020 ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Eihab M. Fathelrahman ◽  
Khalid A. Hussein ◽  
Safwan Paramban ◽  
Timothy R. Green ◽  
Bruce C. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Best Fit

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) recently witnessed algal/phytoplankton blooms attributed to the high concentrations of Chlorophyll-a associated with the spread and accumulation of a wide range of organisms with toxic effects that influence ecological and fishing economic activities and water desalination along coastal areas.  This research explores the UAE coasts as a case study for the framework presented here. In this research, we argue that advances in satellite remote sensing and imaging of spatial and temporal data offer sufficient information to find the best-fit regression method and relationship between Chlorophyll-a concentration and a set of climatic and biological explanatory variables over time. Three functional forms of regression models were tested and analysed to reveal that the Log-Linear Model found to be the best fit providing the most statistically robust model compared to the Linear and the Generalised Least Square models.  Besides, it is useful to identify the factors Sea Surface temperature, Calcite Concentration, Instantaneous Photosynthetically Available Radiation, Normalized Fluorescence Line Height, and Wind Speed that significantly influence Chlorophyll-a concentration. Research results can be beneficial to aid decision-makers in building a best-fit statistical system and models of algal blooms in the study area. The study found results to be sensitive to the study’s temporal time-period length and the explanatory variables selected for the analysis.

Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
River System ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Large River ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Subsistence Fisheries ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Fisheries Restoration

<em>Abstract</em>.—Extensive fish kills, primarily from dissolved oxygen depletion, were reported in rivers and associated backwaters throughout southern Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina. Of particular concern were fisheries associated with the Pascagoula River, the last physically unmodified large river system in the contiguous United States. Posthurricane stock assessments were conducted in 2006 to ascertain appropriate fisheries restoration actions for this internationally recognized natural resource. Emphasis focused on fishes that traditionally supported recreational, artisanal, and subsistence fisheries, primarily sunfish (Centrarchidae) and catfish (Ictaluridae). These fisheries were considered some of the more productive inland fisheries in the state prior to the storm.

scholarly journals Environmental and climatic factors affecting winter hypoxia in a freshwater lake: evidence for a hypoxia refuge and for re-oxygenation prior to spring ice loss

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 847 (19) ◽  
pp. 3983-3997
Author(s):  
Michael N. Davis ◽  
Thomas E. McMahon ◽  
Kyle A. Cutting ◽  
Matthew E. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Rock Lake

Abstract Low dissolved oxygen, or hypoxia, is a common phenomenon in ice-covered lakes in winter. We measured dissolved oxygen (DO) before, during, and after ice-over to characterize the timing, severity, and spatial variability of winter hypoxia in Upper Red Rock Lake, Montana, home to one of the last remaining lacustrine populations of endemic Montana Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus). Unlike most previous investigations of winterkill-prone lakes, we observed considerable horizontal spatial variability in DO, a non-linear winter oxygen depletion rate, and lake-wide re-oxygenation 2–4 weeks prior to spring ice loss. Parts of the upper 1 m of the lake and near stream mouths remained well-oxygenated even during late winter. DO levels were strongly associated with maximum daily air temperature. Our analysis of a 28-year weather record revealed large interannual variability in risk of winter hypoxia, with a slight declining trend in winter severity (number of days with maximum air temperatures ≤ 0°C) in Upper Red Rock Lake. The approach we used in our study provides a useful framework for quantifying and mapping the seasonal dynamics of the extent and severity of winter hypoxia, and for identifying critical winter habitats.

Light, Temperature, and Oxygen Regimes of Selected Lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Visible Wavelengths ◽  
Heat Budgets ◽  
Subsurface Light

Light was measured in several Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) lakes in 1968 and 1969, using a Secchi disc, a standard photometer (cadmium sulfide cell), and a 16-channel spectroradiometer. The results of some checks upon the standard procedure usually used for making subsurface light measurements are presented. Light penetration at several wavelengths and total energy flux at several depths are given for a number of lakes. Oxygen and temperature isopleths, winter rates of oxygen depletion, annual heat budgets, and data on work of the wind are also presented. Vertical extinction coefficients (average of all visible wavelengths) ranged from 0.285 for lake 161 to 1.732 for lake 227, and Secchi disc visibility from 1.2 to 10.1 m. The wavelength of maximum transmittance shifted toward long wavelengths, as expected, when transmission coefficients and Secchi disc visibility decreased.Annual heat budgets ranged from 8400 to 24,200 cal/cm2. From 3700 to 16,000 cal/cm2 of this were summer heat income. Summer and annual heat budgets were larger for larger lakes. Annual and summer heat incomes were related to mean depth, surface area, and volume of the lakes by simple linear regression equations.The work of the wind and its efficiency in distributing summer heat income are discussed. The depth of the thermocline in ELA lakes was set early in the year, and did not change during the summer until well after the lake had reached maximum heat content. The temperature of the epilimnion followed the mean daily air temperature closely during the summer though remaining several degrees higher, probably as the result of radiant heating. It is concluded that wind work calculated by Birge's method (Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 18: 341–391, 1916) is of little value, unless corrections for back-radiation and evaporation can be made.Rates of oxygen depletion under ice were compared in several lakes. Values ranged from 15.0 to 73.8 mg O2/m3∙day and from 36 to 253 mg O2/m2∙day.

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