Nutrient Variability Following Dairy Manure Storage Agitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio A Aguirre-Villegas ◽  
Mahmoud A Sharara ◽  
Rebecca A Larson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Nutrient Variability ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The nutrient profile in stored manure can be highly variable due to the solids building up at the bottom of the storage over time as unagitated manure is removed. This variability can lead to under- or over-application of nutrients potentially reducing crop yields or increasing nutrient losses, respectively. Agitation of stored manure is a common practice to re-suspend solids providing a more uniform nutrient consistency for application. This study explores the solids and nutrient variability in stored dairy manure after agitation and the relationship between the number of samples and the quality of the nutrient content estimate. A total of 16 dairy facilities across Wisconsin were sampled in the study. Samples were taken during agitation and analyzed for total solids (TS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and microminerals. Overall, TKN, TAN, and TP contents were more uniform than TS. The mean concentrations (wet basis) from the 16 farms range from 2.45% to 15.28% for TS, 0.17% to 0.53% for TKN, 0.01% to 0.33 for TAN, 0.02 to 0.06 for TP, and 0.11% to 0.31% for TK. This range is mostly attributed to the between-farms variability in manure nutrient content. In addition, 54% of the total variation in the TS content was attributable to within-farm sample variability. These results show that TS was variable on farms whereas TKN, TAN, and TP were variable between farms. A random resampling analysis showed that three samples generate a mean between 20% to 30% of the true experimental mean for TKN and TAN whereas nine samples are required to be in this range for TP. Results show that the improvement achieved by adding more samples than 11 is less than 10%. Keywords: Dairy manure, Manure agitation, Nutrients, Nutrient variability, Sample size.

scholarly journals Estimasi Daya Dukung Mass Balance terhadap Efluen Tambak di Desa Sebamban Baru Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan (Estimation Mass Balance carrying capacity of the effluent pond in the village of Sebamban Baru Tanah Bumbu regency of South Kalimantan Province)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Fatmawati Fatmawati ◽  
K Soewardi ◽  
T Kusumastanto ◽  
L Adrianto
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Aquaculture Area ◽  
The Village

The purpose of this study was to estimate the carrying capacity of coastal waters of the pond effluent. The data required for analysis of mass balance models of carrying capacity is based on the total ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in coastal waters. Estimation of carrying capacity with the concept mass balance model using the formula Tchobanoglous (1990) and Predalumpaburt (1996) in Tookwinas (1998) which has been modified by including the formula Widigdo and Pariwono (2001). Carrying capacity of coastal waters of Sebamban Baru Village, Tanah Bumbu Regency maximum pond area calculation may be developed for aquaculture area of 412,583 hectares, this shows that the concentration of ammonia released by the pond has not been an impact on the quality of coastal waters because the existing pond area is new opened an area of 368.542 ha has not exceeded the carrying capacity of the mass balance.

scholarly journals KORELASI KADAR UNSUR HARA DAUN KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KADAR MINYAK SAWIT MENTAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Ika Ucha Pradifta Rangkuti ◽  
Mardiana Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fruit Formation

Mesocarp or fruit flesh is the main component of the cultivation of oil palm which is extracted to Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The amount of CPO produced from processing in palm oil mills is influenced by the quality of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). Some factors that influence the quality of FFB are the type of crossing, plant age, maintenance level and fraction of fruit maturity. Adequacy of nutrients N, P, K, and Mg play a role in fruit formation and are expected to increase levels of CPO. In connection with this matter, research on the relationship / nutrient correlation with CPO content is needed. This research was conducted in October 2017 - March 2018 in the field with land suitability classes S1 (Maradja Hill), S2 (Limau Mungkur), S3 (Bah Birung Ulu) and STIPAP LPP Medan Practice Gardens. Processing data with single and multiple linear regression. Leaf samples were analyzed with the Sochlet apparatus in STIPAP Processing Laboratory. In general, the average nutrient content of leaves N, P, K were the normal category and nutrient Mg, Cl were deficiency category. The level of CPO (oil / mesocarp) varies from 31.14% - 59.59%. With single nutrient regression N, P, K, Cl has a positive correlation with CPO levels while Mg is negatively correlated. Multiple regression analysis of nutrient N, P, K, Mg and Cl has significant effect on O / N with a correlation coefficient of 0.744.

scholarly journals Simple improvement of digested sludge quality: is postaeration the key?

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642
Author(s):  
M. Vojtiskova ◽  
B. Satkova ◽  
J. Bindzar ◽  
P. Jenicek
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Sludge Dewaterability ◽  
Few Data

Abstract Postaeration, where digested sludge is introduced into aerobic conditions, is a technology that could improve the quality of sludge and sludge liquor in many ways. Although it is a fairly simple process, only few data about the effect of postaeration have been published. In this study, batch experiments have been performed first, indicating that postaeration affects the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and sludge dewaterability. In the removal of TAN, both stripping and biological oxidation can play an important role depending on specific condition. Then the postaeration was investigated in a semicontinuous batch reactor. In addition, the effect of postaeration on the concentration of selected micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, EOX and AOX was studied. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8, 6, 4 and 2 days and different aeration intensities were tested. The TAN removal efficiency achieved was about 40–60%, sludge dewaterability expressed by sludge cake total solids (TS) concentration after dewatering improved relatively by 5–30%. In addition, TS degradation is also taking place and therefore the reduction of the amount of final sludge to be disposed could be even higher. The biggest changes in observed parameters were recorded at the longest HRT.

scholarly journals The effect of probiotics as a starter culture for producing yogurt

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SungHoo Jegal ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock ◽  
Aljosa Trmcic ◽  
Fred Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Freeze Dried

  Background: Many comprising studies showed that probiotics can manifest antimicrobial activity. Due to positive health effects of probiotics, they have been added in a fermentation of various foods to increase the nutrient content and to improve the quality of the foods. Furthermore, probiotics are used as a starter culture for several fermented foods like a yogurt. Probiotics may contain strains that are capable of initiating fermentation of the foods, however, a safety of the foods is not certain. Therefore, the study is done to analyze use of probiotics as a starter culture for a yogurt. Methods: The study was designed to analyze the pH pattern of three different yogurt groups (control, commercial starter culture, and probiotics). Each group had three samples that were made using Dairyland 2% milk and corresponding cultures. The control group samples were not inoculated with any culture. The commercial starter culture group samples were inoculated with Yogourtmet Freeze-Dried Starter and the probiotics group samples were inoculated with probiotic capsule, Jamieson 10 Billion Probiotic. The samples were incubated for 7 hours and every 45 minutes the pH was measured using Hanna Professional Portable Yogurt pH Meter. Results: The statistical analysis of the pH measurement showed significant different between the control groups and other two groups. The control group samples pH decreased a bit, but it was not enough to turn the samples to a yogurt. The pH pattern of the commercial group samples showed rapid decrease in pH after 180 minutes and the average pH of the last reading was 4.10. The pH of the probiotics group samples decreased linearly, and the average pH of the last reading was 4.58. Conclusions: The commercial starter culture and the probiotics group samples initiated fermentation and enough acidification occurred to decrease the pH below 4.6. With 7 hours of incubation period, the probiotics group samples just met the pH that makes the yogurt safe to consume. Therefore, the use of the probiotics as a starter culture for producing yogurt can be suggested with adequate incubation period.  

Organic matter reduction using four densities of seaweed (Gracilaria verucosa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) to improve water quality for aquaculture in Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Lestari L. Widowati ◽  
S. Budi Prayitno ◽  
Sri Rejeki ◽  
Tita Elfitasari ◽  
Pujiono W. Purnomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

The high organic waste content of river water in Demak, north coast of Java, has caused traditional small-scale pond farmers to stop stocking shrimp. This paper examines whether seaweed and mussel will improve the quality of water these farmers use. The effect of Gracilaria verucosa and Perna viridis on the water quality was assessed by measuring the removal rates (RRs) of total organic material (TOM), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, and nitrate. The specific growth rates (SGRs) of seaweed and mussel were also measured. Thirty-six semi-outdoor tanks containing 800 L of brackish water and 7 cm substrate were randomly assigned to four replications of four densities of G. verucosa: 50 (S50), 100 (S100), 150 (S150), and 200 (S200) g m−2, and of P. viridis: 60 (M60), 90 (M90), 120 (M120), and 150 (M150) g m−2. Weekly, the TOM, TAN, nitrite, and nitrate contents were measured, seaweed and mussel weighted; RRs and SGRs were calculated at the end of the study. The effect of densities on the RRs was significant for both seaweed and mussel. P. viridis was more effective in reducing TOM (by 38%) than G. verucosa (7%); G. verucosa achieved higher RRs for TAN, nitrite, and nitrate. At S200, TOM and TAN decreased by 7.4% and 67%, respectively. At M90, TOM and TAN, decreased by 38% and 49%, respectively. However, nitrite increased significantly at S200 and M150. The SGR of seaweed was significantly lower at S200 than that at S150, S100, and S50. The best performing densities were S100 and M90.

The Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Approach Applied in the Study of the Denitrifying Bacteria on Nitration Tank of the Metal Membrane Bioreactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2686-2689
Author(s):  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Metal Membrane ◽  
The Relationship

To study the amount changes of different denitrifying bacteria in the process of the metal membrane bioreactor, and to confirm the relationship between the amount of different bacteria and the quality of the treating water, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) dominant molecular biological technologies were applied in this study to preliminary explore the time and space distribution of different denitrifying bacteria populations in the active sludge on the immersed plate-type metal membrane bioreactor. The result indicates that the involvement of the denitrification tank is beneficial to the growth of all bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, meanwhile the eliminate rate of the total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is also improved.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Relationships between Bacterial Dynamics and Water Quality of Aquaculture Systems Supplemented with Carbon Source and Biofilm Substratum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Er-Meng Yu ◽  
Zhen-Chi Li ◽  
Zhi-Fei Li ◽  
Guang-Jun Wang ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Bacterial Dynamics ◽  
Total Ammonia

Aquaculture is crucial for achieving the FAO’s goal of a world without hunger and malnutrition. Recently, biofilm substratum has been proposed as an effective means to control waste pollution caused by excessive nutrient inputs from aquaculture, but key bacterial communities involved in the remediation remain unclear. Here we reported a freshwater mesocosm study where the addition of biofilm substrata with external carbon effectively controlled the total ammonia nitrogen and improved fish growth. 16S rRNA study and Weighted UniFrac analysis revealed that bacterial compositions were significantly different (999 permutations, p-value < 0.01) between the biofilm-substrata-added and biofilm-substrata-free systems. Planctomycetes were found, as key bacteria benefited from the biofilm substrata addition and exerted the major function of ammonia nitrogen control. Our study demonstrated that the addition of biofilm substrata and an external carbon source favored fish growth and improved the aquaculture environment by the formation of a unique bacteria community.

scholarly journals Quality of sorghum silage with leucaena

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 36493
Author(s):  
Weudes Rodrigues Andrade ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Luiz Henrique Tolentino Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Different Levels

 This study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of leucaena forage in sorghum: forage. In addition to pure sorghum, it was evaluated different levels of inclusion of leucaena (15, 30 and 50%) at the time of ensiling. Forage was ensiled in PVC tubes (100 mm diameter, 500 mm length) under the density of 500 – 600 kg m-3, a total of 20 silos were prepared, which were opened 35 days after ensiling. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of leucaena inclusion levels for pH, water activity (Aw) and total ammonia nitrogen (total NH3-N). There was an increasing linear effect (p < 0.05) for the content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and lignin that increased from 33.47 to 34.75%, 7.82 to 16.05% and from 7.29 to 9.93%, at the levels from 0 to 50% inclusion of leucaena, respectively. There was a decreasing linear effect (p < 0.05) for neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFcp) and hemicellulose, which reduced from 56.65 to 48.37% and from 24.07 to 17.67% at the levels of 0 and 50% inclusion, respectively. For the ash content, there was a quadratic effect (p < 0.05), with a maximum at 8.3% with 8.9% inclusion of leucaena. The inclusion of up to 50% leucaena into sorghum silage is recommended, because, in addition to maintaining the fermentation quality, it also improved nutritional quality of sorghum silage.

Effect of Freeze-Up on Major Ion and Nutrient Content of a Prairie Winterkill Lake

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2207-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barica
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

The reduction of lake volume due to ice formation in a shallow, moderately saline eutrophic prairie lake lacking a permanent surface inflow or outflow accounts for observed increases in specific conductance and concentration of predominant major ions (Mg, Ca, Na, and SO4). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total ammonia nitrogen, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations follow a different pattern; their increase under the ice cover is proportional to the decrease in dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a content. Key words: winter fish kill, freeze-up, major ions, nutrients, prairie lakes, oxygen depletion, eutrophication

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

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