Physiological and Behavioral Reactions of Fishes to Temperature Change

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Crawshaw
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Key Words Fish ◽  
Produce Acid

Teleost fishes possess a central nervous system thermoregulatory mechanism remarkably similar to that of other vertebrates. Inputs from peripheral and anterior brainstem thermosensitive elements are integrated to effect appropriate thermoregulatory responses. The integrated output signal from the thermoregulatory center also appears to provide an input to the respiratory system. Short-term deviations from a given temperature alter respiratory requirements, produce acid–base imbalance, and cause disturbances in fluid–electrolyte regulation. Acclimation to a given temperature involves changes that counteract these disturbances. Key words: fish, temperature change, behavioral responses, physiological responses, temperature regulation

Psychological and physiological responses to raised body temperature

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Wilkinson ◽  
R. H. Fox ◽  
R. Goldsmith ◽  
I. F. G. Hampton ◽  
H. E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heat Acclimatization ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The performance of 12 male volunteers in an adding test and in a test requiring prolonged vigilance was measured at normal body temperature and while temperature was maintained at 37.3, 37.9, and 38.5 C. Each subject was measured at each level of body temperature on four occasions. Both the extent and the direction of the effect on performance varied with 1) the task being carried out, and 2) the degree of temperature elevation. Compared with performance at normal temperatures, the ability to add was impaired and vigilance was improved at 38.5 C. At 37.3 C, on the other hand, smaller changes reflected in general an improvement in adding and an impairment of vigilance. As a result of the repeated sessions of controlled hyperthermia, the subjects became heat acclimatized but there was no corresponding improvement in performance at raised body temperature, indicating the absence of short-term adaptation of the central nervous system functions tested to repeated elevations of body temperature. hyperthermia; vigilance and addition performance in hyperthermia; heat acclimatization male Caucasians; psychomotor performance; heat tolerance; artificial acclimatization Submitted on August 15, 1963

scholarly journals Multiplexed neurochemical transmission emulated using a dual-excitatory synaptic transistor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxue Ma ◽  
Yao Ni ◽  
Zirong Chi ◽  
Wanqing Meng ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Binary Neural Network ◽  
Neuromorphic Systems ◽  
Human Brains

AbstractThe ability to emulate multiplexed neurochemical transmission is an important step toward mimicking complex brain activities. Glutamate and dopamine are neurotransmitters that regulate thinking and impulse signals independently or synergistically. However, emulation of such simultaneous neurotransmission is still challenging. Here we report design and fabrication of synaptic transistor that emulates multiplexed neurochemical transmission of glutamate and dopamine. The device can perform glutamate-induced long-term potentiation, dopamine-induced short-term potentiation, or co-release-induced depression under particular stimulus patterns. More importantly, a balanced ternary system that uses our ambipolar synaptic device backtrack input ‘true’, ‘false’ and ‘unknown’ logic signals; this process is more similar to the information processing in human brains than a traditional binary neural network. This work provides new insight for neuromorphic systems to establish new principles to reproduce the complexity of a mammalian central nervous system from simple basic units.

A comparison of blood gases and acid-base measurements in arterial, arterialized venous, and venous blood during short-term maximal exercise

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Linderman ◽  
Thomas D. Fahey ◽  
Gregory Lauten ◽  
Alan S. Brooker ◽  
Doug Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SEVERE HEAD INJURY "A CLINICO RADIOLOGICAL STUDY"

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. I. D. Chaurasia ◽  
Dr. Avais Ahmed Khan ◽  
Dr. Neeraj Mane ◽  
Dr. Prateek Malpani ◽  
Dr. M. C. Songara
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Overview:  Infants experience stressors. Stress responses in infants include physiological responses (HR and oxygen saturation) and behavioral responses (behavioral state, motor activity, and signs of behavioral distress). Modulation of the stress response in infants may reduce energy demands and enhance recovery. The characteristics of auditory stimulation provided by music differ from those of other types of auditory stimulation. The infants respond differently to music than to other random noises. This study was carried out to examine the effects of different types of music on vital signs of infants. Methodology: Thirty infants were included in the study. They were divided into two groups. Low and High pitched music was used with for two individual groups. The immediate effect was assessed through pre and post recordings for Heart rate, Reapiratory rate and O2 saturation level. Results: There was statistically significant change in Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate and O2 saturation individually. While comparing post data, except Heart Rate there was no significant difference found with both types of music. Conclusion: Low pitched music has better immediate effect than high pitched music Key words: High pitched music, Low pitched music, Infants

Mutagenic and physiological responses in the juveniles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) following short term exposure to praziquantel

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dididgwu Nwani ◽  
Macniel Chijioke Nnaji ◽  
Stanley Ndubuisi Oluah ◽  
Paul Chinedu Echi ◽  
Helen Ogochukwu Nwamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Effects of acute temperature change, in vivo and in vitro, on the acid–base status of blood from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Brill ◽  
Peter G. Bushnell ◽  
David R. Jones ◽  
Manabu Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Skipjack Tuna ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
System Temperature

In most fishes, blood acid–base regulation following a temperature change involves active adjustments of gill ion-exchange rates which take hours or days to complete. Previous studies have shown that isolated blood from skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, and albacore, Thunnus alalunga, had rates of pH change with temperature (in the open system) equivalent to those necessary to retain net protein charge in vivo (≈ −0.016 ΔpH∙ °C−1). It was postulated that this is due to protons leaving the hemoglobin combining with plasma bicarbonate [Formula: see text], which is removed as gaseous CO2, and that this ability evolved so that tunas need not adjust gill ion-exchange rates to regulate blood pH appropriately following ambient temperature changes. We reexamined this phenomenon using blood and separated plasma from yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares. Unlike previous studies, our CO2 levels (0.5 and 1.5% CO2) span those seen in yellowfin tuna arterial and venous blood. Various bicarbonate concentrations [Formula: see text] were obtained by collecting blood from fully rested as well as vigorously exercised fish. We use our in vitro data to calculate basic physiochemical parameters for yellowfin tuna blood: nonbicarbonate buffering (β), the apparent first dissociation constant of carbonic acid (pKapp), and CO2 solubility (αCO2). We also determined the effects of acute temperature change on arterial pH, [Formula: see text], and partial pressures of O2 and CO2in vivo. The pH shift of yellowfin tuna blood subjected to a closed-system temperature change did not differ from previous studies of other teleosts (≈ −0.016 ΔpH∙ °C−1). The pH shift in blood subjected to open-system temperature change was Pco2 dependent and lower than that in skipjack tuna or albacore blood in vitro, but identical with that seen in yellowfin tuna blood in vivo. However, pH adjustments in vivo were caused by changes in both [Formula: see text] and Pco2. The exact mechanisms responsible for these changes remain to be elucidated.

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