On the Incubation Time Distribution and the Danish AIDS Data

1988 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Lier Boldsen ◽  
Jens Ledet Jensen ◽  
Jes Sogaard ◽  
Michael Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution

Estimating time to onset of swine influenza symptoms after initial novel A(H1N1v) viral infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 1418-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. M. TOM ◽  
A. J. VAN HOEK ◽  
R. PEBODY ◽  
J. McMENAMIN ◽  
C. ROBERTSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Interval Censoring ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Influenza Case ◽  
Time To Onset

SUMMARYCharacterization of the incubation time from infection to onset is important for understanding the natural history of infectious diseases. Attempts to estimate the incubation time distribution for novel A(H1N1v) have been, up to now, based on limited data or peculiar samples. We characterized this distribution for a generic group of symptomatic cases using laboratory-confirmed swine influenza case-information. Estimates of the incubation distribution for the pandemic influenza were derived through parametric time-to-event analyses of data on onset of symptoms and exposure dates, accounting for interval censoring. We estimated a mean of about 1·6–1·7 days with a standard deviation of 2 days for the incubation time distribution in those who became symptomatic after infection with the A(H1N1v) virus strain. Separate analyses for the <15 years and ⩾15 years age groups showed a significant (P<0·02) difference with a longer mean incubation time in the older age group.

Resting Eggs in Pontella meadi (Copepoda: Calanoida)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Grice ◽  
Victoria R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Resting Eggs

Pontella meadi Wheeler produces resting eggs in fall which hatch the following summer. Experiments show that these eggs require 4–8 wk of incubation at 2–3 or 5–6 °C for substantial hatching to occur. Eggs occur in sediment in winter. Resting eggs serve to repopulate temperate inshore areas with this species after its winter disappearance from the plankton. Key words: Copepoda, Calanoida, Pontella, resting eggs, incubation time, distribution

scholarly journals The Milwaukee Cryptosporidium outbreak: assessment of incubation time and daily attack rate

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukul Gupta ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Differential Equation System ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Precise Assessment

The time course of reported illnesses (epidemic curve) in the 1993 Milwaukee outbreak of cryptosporidiosis was analysed using a dynamic model considering time variant force of infection and incubation time distributions. Different functional forms for the force of infection and incubation time distribution were tested. The resulting model is a coupled integro-differential equation system. These models gave a good fit to the data, although depending upon the functional forms of the underlying distributions, different incubation time and force of infection curves were obtained. However there was reasonable agreement with respect to a baseline illness rate that existed. This demonstrates that useful information may be obtained in this manner, although it should be supplemented with other data (e.g. serology) for a precise assessment of dynamics of disease occurrence during waterborne epidemic conditions.

scholarly journals Incubation-time distribution in back-calculation applied to HIV/AIDS data in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arni S.R. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
◽  
Masayuki Kakehashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Hiv Aids

Space and Time Distribution of Hard X-Ray Emission in a Loop at the Beginning of a Flare

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 275-277
Author(s):  
M. Karlický ◽  
J. C. Hénoux
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Electron Bombardment ◽  
Spatial Evolution ◽  
Superthermal Electrons ◽  
Flare Loop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Superthermal Electron ◽  
Flare Loops ◽  
Chromospheric Evaporation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractUsing a new ID hybrid model of the electron bombardment in flare loops, we study not only the evolution of densities, plasma velocities and temperatures in the loop, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of hard X-ray emission. In the present paper a continuous bombardment by electrons isotropically accelerated at the top of flare loop with a power-law injection distribution function is considered. The computations include the effects of the return-current that reduces significantly the depth of the chromospheric layer which is evaporated. The present modelling is made with superthermal electron parameters corresponding to the classical resistivity regime for an input energy flux of superthermal electrons of 109erg cm−2s−1. It was found that due to the electron bombardment the two chromospheric evaporation waves are generated at both feet of the loop and they propagate up to the top, where they collide and cause temporary density and hard X-ray enhancements.

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