Protein Instability in Minced Flesh from Fillets and Frames of Several Commercial Atlantic Fishes During Storage at −5 C

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Dingle ◽  
J. A. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Minced Fish ◽  
Protein Instability ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Minced flesh of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pollock (Pollachius virens), recovered by means of meat-separator machines from frames left after filleting operations, suffered a rapid loss of protein solubility during storage at −5 C. This was due to the presence of kidney tissue which caused the formation of dimethylamine and formaldehyde from the trimethylamine oxide of the muscle. The minced flesh of witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) was relatively stable when mixed with homogenates of their own kidney tissue, but cod kidney caused the same changes in gray sole as it did in minced cod flesh. The exclusion of gadoid kidney and blood from minced fish preparations is recommended.

Marine Fish Tissue Culture

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Townsley ◽  
H. G. Wight ◽  
M. A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Raja Radiata

Cell proliferation of tissue explants of different organs from marine fish has been achieved in a nutrient solution composed of Medium 199 plus 10% human serum. Fin, spleen, heart, kidney, liver, gonad, brain, uterus, and thymus tissues have been cultured. The tissues were obtained from sexually mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), white perch (Roccus americanus) winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), thorny skate (Raja radiata), American goosefish (Lophius americanus), pollock (Pollachius virens), and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). An actively dividing cell culture of flounder kidney cells prepared by mechanical disruption of the kidney tissue was maintained through serial transfers over several months. Heart explants from the cod vigorously pulsated in tissue culture.

Seasonal variation in the habitat associations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2548-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Swain ◽  
G A Chouinard ◽  
R Morin ◽  
K F Drinkwater
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides ◽  
Trawl Surveys ◽  
Selection Of

We compared habitat associations of southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) between the summer feeding season on the Magdalen Shallows and the overwintering period in the Cabot Strait. Data were from bottom trawl surveys conducted in September 1993, 1994, and 1995 and January 1994, 1995, and 1996. Both species occupied much deeper, warmer water in winter than in summer. The effect of cod age on temperature distribution reversed between the two seasons, with younger cod occupying warmer water than older cod in summer and colder water in winter. Selection of both depth and temperature by cod tended to be more significant in September than in January. The reduced statistical significance of habitat selection by cod in winter was associated with a more aggregated distribution in this season. The contrast between seasons in habitat associations was particularly strong for plaice. The median habitats occupied by plaice were 58-67 m and -0.1 to 0.3°C in September and 374-426 m and 5.2-5.4°C in January. Habitat selection by plaice was significant in both seasons, but significance tended to be greater in January. Degree of aggregation in plaice distribution was similar between the two seasons. Female plaice occupied significantly warmer water than males in September but not in January. The ecological and practical implications of this striking seasonal variation in habitat associations are discussed.

Effects of Formaldehyde on Salt Extractable Proteins of Gadoid Muscle

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
B. Smith ◽  
W. J. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Muscle Enzyme ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis ◽  
Fish Proteins

Addition of formaldehyde to fresh cod muscle, to give concentrations of 10 to 200 ppm, brought about marked decreases in the extractable protein content during holding periods of 24 hr or less at 0 C. Similar levels of formaldehyde, produced during frozen storage of gadoid (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, pollock, Pollachius virens, cusk, Brosme brosme, and silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis), fillets at −5 C, brought about similar reductions in the extractable proteins. Comparative tests showed that, in the concentrations normally encountered in deteriorating frozen gadoid fillets, formaldehyde was a much more active protein-insolubilizing agent than free fatty acid. It is evident that in these protein changes more than one mechanism is involved. Observed species-differences in the extent to which fish proteins became insolubilized during storage appeared to be related to presence or absence of these different mechanisms. The more rapid and more extensive denaturation of most gadoid fillets in frozen storage than of fillets of nongadoid species appears to be directly related to the presence of muscle enzyme of the former group that is capable of producing formaldehyde from trimethylamine oxide, which is absent in the muscle of the nongadoid species so far tested.

Seasonal and diel variations of various blood parameters in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Audet ◽  
Michel Besner ◽  
Jean Munro ◽  
Jean-Denis Dutil
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin ◽  
Diel Variations ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Seasonal and diel variations of different blood variables were studied in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) subjected to natural fluctuations of salinity and temperature in the St. Lawrence estuary. Significant seasonal fluctuations were found for all the parameters measured (plasma osmolality, Na+, Cl−, K+, glucose, Cortisol, and blood hemoglobin and hematocrit). In cod, the seasonal effect on blood hemoglobin was only detected through its interaction with time of day. In this species, all parameters also varied on an hourly basis, although these changes only represented a small proportion of the variance explained by the statistical model. In plaice, only plasma osmotic composition and blood hematocrit did not show diel variations, while the hour effect was difficult to characterize. In general, though our results indicate that both species acclimated to test conditions, American plaice seemed to cope less efficiently than Atlantic cod with winter conditions. In this respect, the Atlantic cod represents a better candidate for coastal aquaculture in this area.

Onshore Movements of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence: Associations with Wind-Forced Advections of Warmed Surface Waters

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2232-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Castonguay ◽  
George A. Rose ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Acoustic Techniques ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Alongshore Wind Stress ◽  
Alongshore Wind

We employed fisheries acoustic techniques to assess the distribution and relative abundance of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) at high resolution at Brador Bay in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1985 and 1986. These data were used to test the hypotheses that (1) onshore movements of mackerel are associated with wind-forced advections of heated surface waters and (2) mackerel are confined to waters having temperatures [Formula: see text]. Increased mackerel densities or "mackerel events" followed landward advections of heated surface waters in both 1985 and 1986. Landward advections of surface waters, and mackerel events, followed alongshore wind stress from the northeast. In our daytime observations, mackerel tended to concentrate in waters having temperatures of approximately 4 °C, near bottom, beneath warmer surface waters. However, the overall probability of mackerel occurrence inshore was much greater when near-bottom waters were warmer [Formula: see text]. Mackerel densities were not correlated with salinities, cross-shore winds, or currents but were negatively correlated with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) densities within the study site.

Arsenic Concentrations in Some Coexisting Marine Organisms from Newfoundland and Labrador

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1388-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Reinhardtius Hippoglossoides ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Inorganic arsenic concentrations in sea water and mud, and total arsenic concentrations in bodies of shrimp, zooplankton, and fish from northern Newfoundland and southern Labrador were measured. There was a positive relationship between concentration and carapace length in Pandalus borealis and P. montagui and a negative relationship in Eualus macilentus. There was no relationship between concentrations in shrimp eggs and carapace length. Arsenic concentrations in zooplankton and fish muscle were relatively low compared with the shrimp species; amphipods contained more arsenic than copepods or euphausiids, and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) more than redfish (Sebastes marinus), turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). There was no evidence of increasing arsenic concentrations through successively higher levels of the food chain.

Rates of Digestion of Different Prey in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua), Ocean Pout (Macrozoarces americanus), Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), and American Plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
Kenneth G. Waiwood ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Visual Index ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Stomachs of ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) were removed and dissected 5, 12, 20, and 30 h after the fish had fed voluntarily to test the evacuation rates of three different prey species. Two evaluation procedures were used: a visual index of recognizabiiity, and a graphical analysis of percent of each prey recovered versus time since feeding. Three decay models were tested for goodness of fit to the evacuation data. The polychaete worms were the first to become unrecognizable, followed by amphipods. These species showed significantly different rates of evacuation when compared with the bivalves which were recognizable for the longest time. The exponential decay curve gave the best overall fit to the data. However, a linear model gave a good or better fit to the decay rate of the bivalve. The evacuation rates of different prey should be considered in estimating daily rations of fish in their environment.Key words: digestion, stomach content, food organism, Yoldia sapotilla, Tmetonyx cicada, Nephtys incisa

Geographical variations in abundance of larval anisakine nematodes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Boily ◽  
David J. Marcogliese
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) collected from various sites in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO divisions 4RST) were examined for larval anisakine nematodes in 1990 and 1992. Sealworm larvae (Pseudoterranova decipiens) were more abundant in southern Gulf (4T) than in northern Gulf (4RS) cod and plaice. The heaviest sealworm infections occurred in fish from St. Georges Bay, Nova Scotia. Abundance of P. decipiens in cod from St. Georges Bay was significantly lower in 1992 than in 1990. Anisakis simplex and Contracaecinea (Contracaecum/Phocascaris spp.) were most abundant in cod from the northern Gulf. American plaice were not heavily infected with A. simplex or Contracaecinea. Geographical and temporal variations in abundance of larval anisakine nematodes in fish may reflect distribution and abundance of the phocid and cetacean definitive hosts and variations in water temperatures.

Predation risk on larval gadids by pelagic fish in the Georges Bank ecosystem. I. Spatial overlap associated with hydrographic features

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2455-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance P Garrison ◽  
William Michaels ◽  
Jason S Link ◽  
Michael J Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Planktivorous Fish ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Fish Predators

We investigated the relationship between hydrographic variables on Georges Bank and the spatial distribution of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), and two planktivorous fish, Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). We conducted cruises during April-May of 1990, 1994, and 1995 to document spatial distributions and employed logistic regression and a spatial-overlap index to assess relationships between hydrographic variables, spatial distributions and spatial overlap between gadid larvae and planktivorous fish. Cod larvae were more abundant in shallow well-mixed areas, while both haddock larvae and herring were more abundant in stratified areas. Atlantic mackerel occurred in deeper water and had little spatial overlap with the other species. In 1995, the presence of Scotian Shelf water and an intrusion of continental slope water altered temperature and salinity distributions and increased spatial overlap between cod larvae and herring. The stratified areas offer a higher concentration of prey for larval haddock, however there is increased exposure to planktivorous fish predators, creating a potential trade-off between predation and starvation. Due to the high abundance of planktivorous fish and high spatial and temporal overlap, predation is likely an important factor influencing survival of gadid larvae on Georges Bank.

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