Marine Fish Tissue Culture

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Townsley ◽  
H. G. Wight ◽  
M. A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Raja Radiata

Cell proliferation of tissue explants of different organs from marine fish has been achieved in a nutrient solution composed of Medium 199 plus 10% human serum. Fin, spleen, heart, kidney, liver, gonad, brain, uterus, and thymus tissues have been cultured. The tissues were obtained from sexually mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), white perch (Roccus americanus) winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), thorny skate (Raja radiata), American goosefish (Lophius americanus), pollock (Pollachius virens), and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). An actively dividing cell culture of flounder kidney cells prepared by mechanical disruption of the kidney tissue was maintained through serial transfers over several months. Heart explants from the cod vigorously pulsated in tissue culture.

Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma murmanensis in marine fish of the northwestern Atlantic following experimental transmission

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2141-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Hemopoietic System

The susceptibility of four species of marine fish (Gadus morhua, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Myoxocephalus scorpius, and Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus) to leech-transmitted Trypanosoma murmanensis was assessed 49–60 days after infection by comparing condition factor, organ somatic indices, parasitological, hematological, and histological findings with corresponding uninfected animals. The fish were maintained at temperatures (0–1 °C) to simulate the environment where transmission occurs naturally. High mortality occurred in juvenile Atlantic cod and winter flounder, but deaths decreased with increasing fish size. No adult fish died except flounder when fin rot was present. Anemia was the most common pathological feature observed in young fish at necropsy, but its severity was not always correlated with the level of parasitemia. The persistent anemia was probably associated with an inactive rather than an impaired hemopoietic system. Condition factor and somatic indices of liver, spleen, and heart were altered in some infected fish groups. It is concluded that T. murmanensis is a potential pathogen, especially to juvenile American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides, in which high prevalences of natural infections have been observed in some areas of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean.

scholarly journals Marine fish haematozoa from Newfoundland waters

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard K. F. So
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Raja Radiata ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Of 797 fish of 28 species, 159 of 12 species yielded blood protozoa. Trypanosoma rajae is recorded from Raja radiata. Undetermined trypanosomes are reported from Glyptocephalus cynoglossus and Gadus morhua, respectively. Haemogregarina myoxocephali is listed from the type host, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus. The occurrence of haemogregarine sporozoites (perhaps of this species) in the gut of a piscicolid leech (Malmiana nuda) from Myoxocephalus scorpius represents the first discovery of a potential vector of any fish haemogregarine. New hosts are listed for Haemogregarina delagei and H. platessae. A babesioid Haemohormidium terraenovae n. sp. is described from six hosts: Ammodytes americanus, Urophycis tenuis, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Limanda ferruginea, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, and Hippoglossoides platessoides; and another, Haemohormidium beckeri n. s p., from Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus.

The leech as a vector of a fish piroplasm

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1631-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Fish Blood ◽  
Anarhichas Lupus

A piroplasm, Haemohormidium beckeri, is redescribed from two marine fish, Lycodes lavalaei and Lycodes vahlii (Zoarcidae). The parasite divided by both binary fission and schizogony. In the latter process, up to eight merozoites were produced and these developed within mature erythrocytes. Infections were prevalent among fish from areas off the Labrador coast. Parasitemias, which varied from light infections to estimates of 60 parasites/1000 erythrocytes, were recorded in 15 fish for about 6 months. Subinoculation of infected blood initiated infections in two perciform fish, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus and Anarhichas lupus, but not in a pleuronectiform, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, or a gadiform, Gadus morhua. Natural infections were present in three leeches, Platybdella olriki, that had fed on an infected L. lavalaei. Piroplasms were also observed in the gastrointestinal content of all 94 laboratory-reared leeches, Johanssonia arctica, dissected 7 through 109 days after engorgement on infected fish blood. Inoculations of gut contents from leeches after digestion of a blood meal produced infections in uninfected fish. Natural transmission occurred when leeches were fed again on susceptible fish, whereas pipetting entire leeches into the stomach of fish did not initiate infections. This is the first evidence that leeches transmit piroplasms in nature to fish.

Infectivity of Trypanosoma murmanensis to leeches (Johanssonia sp.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1698-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus

Experiments were designed to test the infectivity of trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma murmanensis to leeches at intervals after metatrypomastigotes had initiated infections in marine fish. Infectivity was determined by the presence of developmental stages in recently emerged leeches (Johanssonia sp.) that had fed on experimentally infected fish. A total of 1235 leeches were used in this study. The results indicate that the three morphotypes can initiate infections in leeches. Moreover, some trypanosomes are infective at least 24 h after transmission (16 (67%) leeches became infected). Few leeches acquired infections after feeding on infected winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) between 2 and 12 days and on a cod (Gadus morhua) 4–5 days, but all those which fed 7 through 93 day s on five species of marine teleosts became infected. Some of the leeches transmitted infections to uninfected cod. It is believed that the leeches which harboured no developmental stages might not have ingested trypanosomes.

Protein Instability in Minced Flesh from Fillets and Frames of Several Commercial Atlantic Fishes During Storage at −5 C

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Dingle ◽  
J. A. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Minced Fish ◽  
Protein Instability ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Minced flesh of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and pollock (Pollachius virens), recovered by means of meat-separator machines from frames left after filleting operations, suffered a rapid loss of protein solubility during storage at −5 C. This was due to the presence of kidney tissue which caused the formation of dimethylamine and formaldehyde from the trimethylamine oxide of the muscle. The minced flesh of witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) was relatively stable when mixed with homogenates of their own kidney tissue, but cod kidney caused the same changes in gray sole as it did in minced cod flesh. The exclusion of gadoid kidney and blood from minced fish preparations is recommended.

scholarly journals Predation on hatchery-reared lobsters released in the wild

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1794-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gro I van der Meeren
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Rocky Substratum ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Shorthorn Sculpin ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Labrus Bergylta

Predation on hatchery-reared lobsters (Homarus gammarus) in the wild was studied in order to identify predators in southwestern Norway on rocky and sandy substrates in winter and summer. Lobsters of 12-15 mm carapace length were tagged with magnetic microtags. About 51 000 juvenile lobsters were released on 10 occasions at three locations. Predator samplings were by trammel nets, eel traps, and videorecordings during the 24 h immediately following the releases. In summer, loss to predators occurred on both rocky and sandy substrates. The loss was lower in winter when lobsters were found as prey in predators caught on sand. The risk of fish predation was highest in the first hours after release, when the lobsters were out of shelter. The wrasses Labrus bergylta and Labrus mixtus were the major predators of lobsters, while Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), and crab (Cancer pagurus) were mainly winter predators. Winter predators were never as abundant as summer predators. To minimise predatory loss of reared and costly lobsters, they should be released onto rocky substratum in winter. Due to the damage to the predated lobsters, it was not possible to correlate survival against lobster size.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document