Factors Affecting the Behavior of Five Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Two Natural Waters and their Sediments

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1619-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Oloffs ◽  
L. J. Albright ◽  
S. Y. Szeto ◽  
J. Lau
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Factors Affecting

Water samples from the Fraser River and Georgia Strait, British Columbia were treated with different chlorinated hydrocarbons and incubated for up to 12 weeks at 13 C. 1) In the presence of bottom sediments from the same locations as the waters, no residues were found to escape into the atmosphere. 2) With the exception of lindane in ocean water, all detectable residues had moved into the sediments after 6 weeks. 3) Most of the lindane was metabolized. 4). Sterilization of the waters and sediments prevented the metabolism of lindane but had little effect on DDT and DDD. 5) Agitation of water samples containing γ-chlordane, incubated without sediment, had no effect on its disappearance, but the presence of 0.01% of a nonionic surfactant retarded this almost completely.

Fate and behavior of five chlorinated hydrocarbons in three natural waters

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Oloffs ◽  
L. J. Albright ◽  
S. Y. Szeto
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

Water samples removed from two rivers and from the subtidal zone of Georgia Strait in British Columbia were treated with either 0.025 ppm of DDT, lindane, α-chlordane, or γ-chlordane, or 0.1 ppm Aroclor 1260 (PCB). The samples were incubated in the laboratory for up to 12 weeks at the temperatures of these natural waters at the time of sampling. Lindane persisted in all water samples throughout the experiment, but large proportions of the other compounds were transported into the atmosphere during incubation except when the containers were sealed. No metabolic breakdown could be demonstrated. As demonstrated with 14C-γ-chlordane, uneven distribution of the pesticides occurred rapidly, but was prevented, or reversed, by addition of a surfactant to the water. Total bacterial counts were generally higher in treated than in untreated water samples.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Multiresidue Determination of Priority Herbicides when Using Solid-Phase Microextraction

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra A Lambropoulou ◽  
Ioannis K Konstantinou ◽  
Triantafyllos A Albanis
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract A solid-phase microextracton (SPME) procedure was developed for the determination of 10 selected organonitrogen herbicides (s-ethyl dibropylthiocarbamate [EPTC], molinate, propachlor, trifluralin, simazine, atrazine, propazine, terbuthylazine, alachlor, and prometryn) and was tested with various natural waters. Gas chromatography coupled with flame thermionic and mass spectrometric detection was used for quantitation. For this purpose, polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate fibers were used and the factors affecting the SPME process such as pH, ionic strength, methanol content, memory effect, stirring rate, and adsorption-time profile were investigated and optimized. By using spiked liquid chromatography water, optimal factors were determined to be 25% salt, <0.5% methanol, stirring rate of 960 rpm, pH 4, and an equilibrium time of 30 min. These conditions were used in further studies of the fibers and in analysis of natural water samples. The method was applied to spiked natural waters such as ground water, sea water, lake water, and river water at a concentration range of 0.5–10 μg/L. Limits of detection ranged from 5 to 90 ng/L, and precision ranged from 5 to 15% (as relative standard deviation), depending on the pesticide, fiber, and detector used. The recoveries of herbicides were 70.2–118.4%, and the average r2 values of the calibration curves were >0.99 for all analytes. The results demonstrate the suitability of the SPME method to determine these organonitrogen herbicides in various natural waters. River water samples originating from the Epirus region (Northwestern Greece) were analyzed to verify the performance of the optimized method by comparing the results obtained by SPME with those obtained by using conventional solid-phase extraction of the selected herbicides.

scholarly journals Methodology for preliminary assessment of the radioactivity in natural waters

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Muzafarov Amrillo Mustafaevich ◽  
Sattarov Gayvillo Sattorovich
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Radioactive Equilibrium ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Isotope Concentration

AbstractThis article presents the results of a preliminary assessment of the radioactivity of natural waters and the isotope analysis of drinking water. It describes the methods for the radiochemical preparation of water samples, which include concentration of uranium isotopes from water samples, extraction from impeding radionuclides and preparation of electrically countable samples. The results of violation of radioactive equilibrium between the isotopes 234U/238U and the several factors affecting this process in water samples have been obtained. It is clear from the obtained result that 234U isotope concentration in groundwater is higher than that in surface water.

ANALYSIS OF ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD IN THE SYSTEM WATER-BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN THE BACH DANG ESTUARY (VIETNAM)

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Truong Van Tuan ◽  
Irina Vladimirovna Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
System Water ◽  
Water Bottom

Research was held in the estuary of the river Bach Dang (Dongbay community, Rakhtay district, Hai Phong, Vietnam) in June, 2012 - May, 2013. Concentration of lead was studied in water, suspended solids and bottom sediment. Clam beach (natural breeding environment of Meretrix lyrata ) was inspected regularly, every month. Water samples were taken 6 times from the bottom layer 10 cm down the bottom, once per 3 hours in each of 12 investigated zones. Bottom sediment samples were taken at the depth 2 cm. The findings show that lead accumulates mainly in suspended solids (23.3 mg/kg) and in bottom sediment (14.31 mg/kg), in water it is in small quantities (0.003 mg/kg). Analysis of bottom sediment samples taken in different places showed that they have even leadcontent, lead is distributed uniformly, localization of contaminations is not found. The results obtained can be assumed as the basis for investigating lead accumulation and its excretion by clam Meretrix lyrata organisms in the natural habitat.

Bedforms, bed material, and bedload transport in a salt-wedge estuary: Fraser River, British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kostaschuk ◽  
M. A. Church ◽  
J. L. Luternauer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Salt Wedge ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Bed Material

The lower main channel of the Fraser River, British Columbia, is a sand-bed, salt-wedge estuary in which variations in velocity, discharge, and bedform characteristics are contolled by river discharge and the tides. Bed-material composition remains consistent over the discharge season and in the long term. Changes in bedform height and length follow but lag behind seasonal fluctuations in river discharge. Migration rates of bedforms respond more directly to river discharge and tidal fall than do height and length. Bedform characteristics were utilized to estimate bedload transport in the estuary, and a strong, direct, but very sensitive relationship was found between bed load and river discharge. Annual bedload transport in the estuary is estimated to be of the order of 0.35 Mt in 1986. Bedload transport in the estuary appears to be higher than in reaches upstream, possibly because of an increase in sediment movement along the bed to compensate for a reduction in suspended bed-material load produced by tidal slack water and the salt wedge.

Breeding characteristics of Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii) during population fluctuations

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
Decline Phase ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Fraser River Delta ◽  
Peak Phase ◽  
Microtus Townsendii

A 2-year livetrapping study on Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii) on Reifel Island in the Fraser River delta in British Columbia, Canada, showed that there was an early stop to summer breeding in the peak phase summer compared with the increasing phase summer. Selective dispersal and death of early-maturing voles may account for this result. A delay occurred in the onset of breeding in the decline phase. Voles in peak density populations had the highest median weights at sexual maturity, and males matured at heavier weights than did females.

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