The Representation of Lower Molecular Weight Fatty Acids by the Bligh and Dyer Extraction Method

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1786-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

The Bligh and Dyer method of lipid extraction was investigated to determine the distribution of low molecular weight free fatty acids in the organic phase. Two solvent systems were studied: one using chloroform, methanol, and distilled water; the other using an aqueous fish extract containing natural buffer in place of distilled water. The low molecular weight fatty acids were not well represented in the chloroform layer and the presence of a buffer further depressed their distribution into the organic phase. Proportionately with increased molecular weight a greater percent of acid was recovered in the chloroform. Essentially total partitioning into the organic phase in both systems occurred at a carbon chain length of ten (decanoic acid).

STUDIES ON THE IN VITRO ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF FATTY ACIDS: III. SATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Tolnai ◽  
Joseph F. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Ph Conditions

Previous studies on the in vitro antitumor activity of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from royal jelly and of saturated dibasic fatty acids have been extended to a series of saturated monocarboxylic acids ranging from C3to C18. A widespread ability to inhibit the development of the ascites forms of the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma, Ehrlich carcinoma, and TA3mammary carcinoma has been found under acid pH conditions. In general, the antitumor activity of the saturated monocarboxylic acids was most pronounced in compounds with a carbon chain length of C8to C14. One member of this series, capric (decanoic) acid, was found to possess marked antitumor activity at physiological pH.

scholarly journals SELECTIVITY OF CANDIDA RUGOSA LIPASE IMMOBILIZED ONTO LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES AS CATALYST IN SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID ESTERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman ◽  
Siti Salhah Othman ◽  
Noor Mona Md Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Candida Rugosa Lipase ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Acid Esters

The enzymatic selectivity of Lipase from Candida rugosa immobilized onto a calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDHs-CRL) towards the chain-length of fatty acids and alcohols in the synthesis of fatty acid esters was investigated.  The results showed that CMAN-CRL catalyzed the esterification process with fatty acids of medium chain lengths (C10-C14) effectively while, CNAN-CRL and CZAN-CRL exhibited high percentage conversion in fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of C8-C12 and C10-C18, respectively. In the alcohol selectivity study, CMAN-CRL showed high selectivity toward alcohols with carbon chain lengths of C4, C6 and C10.  On the other hand, both CNAN-CRL and CZAN-CRL exhibited rather low selectivity towards longer carbon chain length of alcohols. 

scholarly journals Biodegradation of low molecular weight polyacrylamide under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: effect of the molecular weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Amir Hossein Hamidian ◽  
Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract The biodegradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) includes the hydrolysis of amino groups and cleavage of the carbon chain; however, the effect of molecular weight on the biodegradation needs further investigations. In this study, biodegradation of low molecular weight PAM (1.6 × 106 Da) was evaluated in two aerobic (25 °C and 40 °C) and two anaerobic (35 °C and 55 °C) reactors over 100 days. The removal of the low molecular weight PAM (52.0–52.6%) through the hydrolysis of amino groups by anaerobic treatment (35 °C and 55 °C) was much higher than that of the high molecular weight (2.2 × 107 Da, 11.2–17.0%) observed under the same conditions. The molecular weight was reduced from 1.6 × 106 to 6.45–7.42 × 105 Da for the low molecular weight PAM, while the high molecular weight PAM declined from 2.2 × 107 to 3.76–5.87 × 106 Da. The results showed that the amino hydrolysis of low molecular weight PAM is easier than that of the high molecular weight one, while the cleavage of its carbon chain is still difficult. The molecular weights of PAM in the effluents from the two aerobic reactors (25 °C and 40 °C) were further reduced to 4.31 × 105 and 5.68 × 105 Da by the biofilm treatment, respectively. The results would be useful for the management of wastewater containing PAM.

Influence of Carbon Chain Length and Unsaturation on the Esterification Activity of Fatty Acids on Nb2O5Catalyst

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (24) ◽  
pp. 10816-10819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaru Srilatha ◽  
N. Lingaiah ◽  
Potharaju S. Sai Prasad ◽  
B. L. A. Prabhavathi Devi ◽  
R. B. N. Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Esterification Activity

Study of the Anti-Wear Properties of Coconut Oil Using Quantum Chemical Calculations and Tribological Tests

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Jayadas ◽  
K. Prabhakaran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Quantum Chemical Descriptors

In this paper Spartan 02, a molecular dynamics software, is used to analyze and predict the tribological properties of coconut oil in a qualitative manner on the basis of carbon chain length of the constituent fatty acids, their polarity (net electrostatic charge, Qr), the energies of the molecular orbitals E_HOMO (energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital), and E_LUMO (energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), and the heats of formations (H-Form) of the iron soaps of respective fatty acids. Tribological properties of the constituent fatty acids of coconut oil were evaluated using a four-ball tester as per ASTM D4172 method. The experimental results showed good correlation to the selected quantum chemical descriptors. The influence of an anti-wear additive on the tribological performance of coconut oil and the optimum additive concentration were also evaluated experimentally.

Relationship between trisaturated glyceride composition and the softening point of milk fat

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Trisaturated Glyceride ◽  
Glyceride Fraction

SummaryNo relationship was found between the trisaturated glyceride content and the softening point (SP) of milk fat. Inter-esterification of milk fat increased its SP, but did not change the trisaturated glyceride content or the fatty acid composition of the trisaturated glyceride fraction. Inter-esterification increased the amount of both low and high and decreased the amount of medium molecular weight triglyceride species in the trisaturated glyceride fraction. The increase in the amount of high molecular weight triglyceride species was up to 3 times greater than the increase in the amount of low molecular weight triglycerides.The triglyceride species composition of the trisaturated glyceride fraction of milk fat was found to vary seasonally. Excellent correlation was found between SP and groups of low molecular weight triglycerides, groups of high molecular weight triglycerides and some individual triglyceride species. Correlation coefficients were higher than those previously reported between groups of fatty acids and SP.

scholarly journals Produksi dan stabilisasi desaturase dari Absidia corymbifera Production and stabilization of desaturases from Absidia corymbifera

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. TRI-PANJI ◽  
. SUHARYANTO ◽  
A W PAULUS ◽  
K SYAMSU ◽  
A M FAUZI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Absidia Corymbifera

SummaryDesaturases are enzymes which catalyze desaturation process on carbon chain of fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids useful for healthy oil. Desaturases could be produced from Absidia corymbifera and applied for increasing unsaturation level and crude palm oil (CPO) quality. Desaturases have been known as very unstable enzymes. The objective this research was to determine carbon sources and culture time for optimum desaturase production, fatty acid composition resulted from desaturase bioconversion, and methods for stabilization of desaturase from A. corymbifera. Results showed that desaturases from A. corymbifera are intracellular enzymes that reached the highest activity in Serrano-Careon medium with C sources of a mixture of sucrose and paraffin (0.14 U/mL) and C sources of molasses (0.11 U/mL) incubated for 76 and 120 hours respectively. Activity of ∆6 and ∆12 desaturases have been detected in culture filtrate of A. corymbifera. Activiy of ∆12 desaturase was confirmed by increasing of linoleic acid in CPO incubated with culture filtrate and biomass extract, while activity of ∆6 was detected by its conversion as much as 66.48 % linoleic acid into gamma linolenic acid (GLA) that having high economic value. Precipitation of culture filtrate and lipid extraction of biomass were unable to stabilize desaturases. Desaturase degradation rate could be inhibited by isolation and washing of microsome fraction using high salt buffer. This method could stabilize desaturases 70-80% from initial activity at storage temperature 25o C and 50 o C for 6 hours. RingkasanDesaturase merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam proses desaturasi rantai karbon asam lemak menjadi asam lemak tak jenuh yang banyak manfaatnya bagi kesehatan. Desaturase dapat dihasilkan dari Absidia corymbifera dan diamplifikasikan untuk peningkatan ketidakjenuhan dan kualitas minyak sawit mentah (CPO). Enzim desaturase dikenal sangat tidak stabil. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan sumber karbon dan waktu kultur yang memberikan aktivitas desaturase tertinggi, komposisi asam lemak hasil konversi desaturase dan cara menstabilkan desaturase dari A. corymbifera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desaturase dari A. corymbifera merupakan enzim intraselular yang mencapai aktivitas tertinggi pada medium Serrano-Careon dengan sumber karbon campuran sukrosa dan parafin (0,14 U/mL) dan sumber karbon molases (0,11 U/mL) masingmasing pada inkubasi selama 76 dan 120 jam. Aktivitas ∆6 dan ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi pada cairan fermentasi A. corymbifera. Aktivitas ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi dari peningkatan persentase asam linoleat pada CPO yang telah diinkubasi dengan cairan fermentasi atau ekstrak biomassa, sedangkan aktivitas ∆6 desaturase terdeteksi dari dikonversinya sebesar 66,48% asam linoleat menjadi asam gamma linolenat (GLA) yang memiliki potensi nilai ekonomis lebih tinggi. Pengendapan filtrat kultur fermentasi dan ekstraksi lipida biomassa tidak mampu menstabilkan desaturase. Laju degradasi desaturase dapat dihambat dengan cara isolasi dan pencucian fraksi mikrosom dengan bufer garam. Cara tersebut dapat mempertahankan aktivitas desaturase 70–80% pada penyimpanan suhu 25o C dan 50o C selama enam jam.

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