The Arctic Dredge, a Benthic Biological Sampler for Mixed Boulder and Mud Substrates

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1503-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Specimen Retrieval

Benthic biological dredges of a new design have been used successfully on ice-rafted archibenthal and abyssal sediments of boulders and mud. The dredge is kite-shaped, of massive construction, and features a single point for cable attachment and a removable cannister for specimen retrieval. Experience in Baffin Bay, the Labrador Sea, and the Icelandic Shelf indicates that the arctic dredge is a reliable tool for arctic and subarctic research.

scholarly journals The distribution of methylated sulfur compounds, DMS and DMSP, in Canadian Subarctic and Arctic marine waters during summer, 2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Jarníková ◽  
John Dacey ◽  
Martine Lizotte ◽  
Maurice Levasseur ◽  
Philippe Tortell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Chl A Fluorescence ◽  
Taxonomic Marker ◽  
Methylated Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Sampling Transect

Abstract. We present seawater concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS), and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) measured across a transect from the Labrador Sea to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, during summer 2015. Using an automated ship-board gas chromatography system, and a membrane-inlet mass spectrometer, we measured a range of DMS (~ 1 nM to 18 nM) and DMSP concentrations (~ 1 nM to 150 nM) that was consistent with previous observations in the Arctic Ocean. The highest DMS and DMSP concentrations occurred in a localized region of Baffin Bay, where surface waters were characterized by high chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence, indicative of elevated phytoplankton biomass. Across the full sampling transect, there were only weak relationships between DMS/P, chl a fluorescence and other measured variables, including positive relationships between DMSP : chl a ratios and several taxonomic marker pigments, and elevated DMS/P concentrations in partially ice-covered areas. Our high spatial resolution measurements allowed us to examine DMS variability over small scales (

Geophysical Studies in Baffin Bay and some Tectonic Implications

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Keen ◽  
D. L. Barrett ◽  
K. S. Manchester ◽  
D. I. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Crust ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Spreading Center ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Nares Strait ◽  
The North

A recent seismic refraction experiment in the deep central region of Baffin Bay showed that it is underlain by oceanic crust. This paper describes the results of gravity, magnetic, and seismic reflection profiling measurements in the bay. There is no definitive evidence for a buried ridge or for magnetic lineations in the center of the area. The magnetic and gravity anomaly fields have been used to define the boundary between the oceanic and continental crust around the bay and therefore the extent of oceanic crust presumed to have been formed by sea-floor spreading. Some of the characteristics of the seismic reflection lines across the continental margins, perhaps typical of this area, are also discussed. The results have been used to reconstruct the history of opening of Baffin Bay in conjuction with geophysical measurements in the Labrador Sea to the south and over the Alpha Ridge in the Arctic Ocean to the north. An attempt has been made to reconcile the geometry of opening with continental geology. Two phases of spreading are suggested. The first involves openings, in both the Labrador Sea and in Baffin Bay, about a pole in the Canadian Arctic Islands. The second, most recent stage of opening, requires that the Nares Strait was once a transform fault, perhaps connecting a Baffin Bay spreading center to the Alpha Ridge to the north.

Fauna of tintinnids (Tintinnida, Ciliata) during an Arctic-Antarctic cruise, with the S/V “Croatian Tern”

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4399 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANO KRŠINIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Bering Sea

An investigation of large tintinnids was carried out during the Arctic-Antarctic cruise aboard the S/V “Croatian Tern” in the period from 1994 to 1997. Samples were collected at 33 stations by vertical tows with a Nansen net with a 53 µm mesh size in the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic, Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay, the Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering Seas, East North Pacific, South Pacific, South East Pacific, Scotia Sea, and South West Atlantic. A total of 47 species of tintinnids were found, with the greatest diversity in the Tropical areas of the Pacific, Arctic and Subarctic. A very high total abundance was registered in the Bering Sea of 247,393 ind.m-3 and in the South-eastern Pacific of 66,211 ind.m-3. The dominant species in the northern areas was Ptychocylis obtusa and in the southern areas Eutintinnus rugosus. 

On the Origin of Deep Baffin Bay Water

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

A comparison of the temperature–salinity relationships of waters found in the Arctic Ocean, Baffin Bay and Smith Sound shows that the deep Baffin Bay water originates in the Arctic Ocean rather than through an influx of a mixture of Labrador Sea deep water and Baffin Bay surface water, the salinity of which has been increased sufficiently by freezing to cause the water to sink, as suggested previously by other investigators.

scholarly journals Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
Anna Bang Kvorning ◽  
Audrey Limoges ◽  
Eleanor Georgiadis ◽  
Steffen M. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocean Conditions

AbstractBaffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.

The implications of selected processing methods on satellite altimetry derived sea ice thickness state and trends in the seasonal ice zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isolde Glissenaar ◽  
Jack Landy ◽  
Alek Petty ◽  
Nathan Kurtz ◽  
Julienne Stroeve
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The Impact

<p>The ice cover of the Arctic Ocean is increasingly becoming dominated by seasonal sea ice. It is important to focus on the processing of altimetry ice thickness data in thinner seasonal ice regions to understand seasonal sea ice behaviour better. This study focusses on Baffin Bay as a region of interest to study seasonal ice behaviour.</p><p>We aim to reconcile the spring sea ice thickness derived from multiple satellite altimetry sensors and sea ice charts in Baffin Bay and produce a robust long-term record (2003-2020) for analysing trends in sea ice thickness. We investigate the impact of choosing different snow depth products (the Warren climatology, a passive microwave snow depth product and modelled snow depth from reanalysis data) and snow redistribution methods (a sigmoidal function and an empirical piecewise function) to retrieve sea ice thickness from satellite altimetry sea ice freeboard data.</p><p>The choice of snow depth product and redistribution method results in an uncertainty envelope around the March mean sea ice thickness in Baffin Bay of 10%. Moreover, the sea ice thickness trend ranges from -15 cm/dec to 20 cm/dec depending on the applied snow depth product and redistribution method. Previous studies have shown a possible long-term asymmetrical trend in sea ice thinning in Baffin Bay. The present study shows that whether a significant long-term asymmetrical trend was found depends on the choice of snow depth product and redistribution method. The satellite altimetry sea ice thickness results with different snow depth products and snow redistribution methods show that different processing techniques can lead to different results and can influence conclusions on total and spatial sea ice thickness trends. Further processing work on the historic radar altimetry record is needed to create reliable sea ice thickness products in the marginal ice zone.</p>

scholarly journals Anomalous blocking over Greenland preceded the 2013 extreme early melt of local sea ice

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (76pt2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ballinger ◽  
Edward Hanna ◽  
Richard J. Hall ◽  
Thomas E. Cropper ◽  
Jeffrey Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tropospheric Circulation ◽  
Blocking Index

ABSTRACTThe Arctic marine environment is undergoing a transition from thick multi-year to first-year sea-ice cover with coincident lengthening of the melt season. Such changes are evident in the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea (BDL) region where melt onset has occurred ~8 days decade−1 earlier from 1979 to 2015. A series of anomalously early events has occurred since the mid-1990s, overlapping a period of increased upper-air ridging across Greenland and the northwestern North Atlantic. We investigate an extreme early melt event observed in spring 2013. (~6σ below the 1981–2010 melt climatology), with respect to preceding sub-seasonal mid-tropospheric circulation conditions as described by a daily Greenland Blocking Index (GBI). The 40-days prior to the 2013 BDL melt onset are characterized by a persistent, strong 500 hPa anticyclone over the region (GBI >+1 on >75% of days). This circulation pattern advected warm air from northeastern Canada and the northwestern Atlantic poleward onto the thin, first-year sea ice and caused melt ~50 days earlier than normal. The episodic increase in the ridging atmospheric pattern near western Greenland as in 2013, exemplified by large positive GBI values, is an important recent process impacting the atmospheric circulation over a North Atlantic cryosphere undergoing accelerated regional climate change.

scholarly journals Dual Nitrate Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Nutrients in Baffin Bay and in the Labrador Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kienast ◽  
Nadine Lehmann ◽  
Carolyn Buchwald ◽  
Sam Davin ◽  
Julie Granger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Nitrate Isotope

scholarly journals Contrasting pelagic ecosystem functioning in eastern and western Baffin Bay revealed by trophic network modeling

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanche Saint-Béat ◽  
Brian D. Fath ◽  
Cyril Aubry ◽  
Jonathan Colombet ◽  
Julie Dinasquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Planktonic Food ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Current Flows

Baffin Bay, located at the Arctic Ocean’s ‘doorstep’, is a heterogeneous environment where a warm and salty eastern current flows northwards in the opposite direction of a cold and relatively fresh Arctic current flowing along the west coast of the bay. This circulation affects the physical and biogeochemical environment on both sides of the bay. The phytoplanktonic species composition is driven by its environment and, in turn, shapes carbon transfer through the planktonic food web. This study aims at determining the effects of such contrasting environments on ecosystem structure and functioning and the consequences for the carbon cycle. Ecological indices calculated from food web flow values provide ecosystem properties that are not accessible by direct in situ measurement. From new biological data gathered during the Green Edge project, we built a planktonic food web model for each side of Baffin Bay, considering several biological processes involved in the carbon cycle, notably in the gravitational, lipid, and microbial carbon pumps. Missing flow values were estimated by linear inverse modeling. Calculated ecological network analysis indices revealed significant differences in the functioning of each ecosystem. The eastern Baffin Bay food web presents a more specialized food web that constrains carbon through specific and efficient pathways, leading to segregation of the microbial loop from the classical grazing chain. In contrast, the western food web showed redundant and shorter pathways that caused a higher carbon export, especially via lipid and microbial pumps, and thus promoted carbon sequestration. Moreover, indirect effects resulting from bottom-up and top-down control impacted pairwise relations between species differently and led to the dominance of mutualism in the eastern food web. These differences in pairwise relations affect the dynamics and evolution of each food web and thus might lead to contrasting responses to ongoing climate change.

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